00445.02 375 Section 00445 - Sanitary, Storm, Culvert, Siphon, and Irrigation Pipe
Description
00445.00Scope - This Work consists of constructing or reconstructing Culvert, siphon, sanitary
sewer, storm sewer, and I rrigation Pipes in the kinds, sizes, and lengths and at the locations shown or as directed to the lines and grades established. The Work includes furnishing and constructing Joints and connections to other drainage Structures or systems, as necessary, for complete installation.
00445.01Definitions and Descriptive Terms - The following terms have the meanings presented
below when used in this Section:
Concrete Block - Encasements, thrust blocks, anchor blocks, plugs and cutoff diaphragms .
Culvert - Concrete, corrugated Metal, ductile iron, polyethylene, steel reinforced polyethylene, or polypropylene pipe may be used to construct C ulverts .
Flexible Pipe - Pipes constructed of corrugated or spiral rib M etal, PVC, polyethylene, steel reinforced polyethylene, or polypropylene. For the purposes of these Specifications, all potable water pipes are considered to be F lexible Pipes.
Irrigation Pipe - Gravity or low -pressure transmission pipe. Refer to Section 01120 for sprinkler -type Irrigation Pipe.
Joint - The place where t he ends of sections or modified sections of pipe contact one another .
Metal - Aluminum and steel
Pavement - Pavement as defined in Section 00110, as well as driveways, curbs, gutters, walks, dikes, walls and other similar asphalt or portland cement concr ete Structures .
SDR (Standard Dimensional Ratio) - The minimum outside diameter of the pipe divided by the wall thickness .
Rigid Pipe - Pipes constructed of concrete or ductile iron.
Sanitary Sewer Pipe - Concrete, PVC, solid-wall HDPE or ductile iron pipe may be used for sanitary sewer pipe installations .
Siphon, Storm Sewer, and Irrigation Pipe - Concrete, PVC, HDPE, ductile iron or Metal pipe may be used for siphon, storm sewer, and I rrigation Pipe installations.
00445.02Contractor's Options - If the Contractor has an option of using different kinds of pipe, the
option and its installation and other limits will be as shown o or on the Pipe Data Sheet. The limiting factors and requirements as shown or on the Pipe Data Sheet are minimums. The Contractor may substitute stronger, larger, and higher quality M aterial at any installation site, provided the substitution is approved and is made at no additional cost to the Agency.
00445.03 376 00445.03 Size Determination - The nominal size of pipe will be determined according to AASHTO tolerances for pipe dimensions for the appropriate kind or class of pipe.
Materials
00445.10General - The manufacturer or fabricator shall furnish appropriate certification, based on
the manufa cturer's quality control tests, that the M aterials used in the production of the pipe meet the Specifications. Materials and strength shall be as specified for the particular kind of pipe and fittings required.
Use flexible elastomeric gasket J oints on all pipes and fittings. Furnish caps or plugs with each fitting, outlet or stub as required, with the same type gasket or J oint as the pipe.
For sanitary sewers provide tee or wye fittings in the main of the same M aterials as the pipe. All fittings shall be of sufficient strength to withstand all handling and load stresses encountered. Material joining the fittings to the pipe shall be free from cracks and shall adhere tightly to each joining surface. Cap or plug all fittings and provide with gaskets of the same Material as used in the pipe Joint. Fit with an approved mechanical stopper, or install an integrally cast knockout plug. The cap or plug shall be capable of withstanding test pressures without leaking and, when later removed, shall permit continuation of piping with jointing similar to Joints in the installed line.
00445.11Materials - Furnish Materials meeting the following requirements:
Corrugated or Spiral Rib Aluminum Alloy Pipe ...................................... 02420.40 Corrugated or Spiral Rib Steel Pipe and Pipe Arches ........................... 02420.10 Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe ............................................................... 02415.10 Ductile Iron Pipe. ................................................................................... 02420.11 Metal Reinforcement in Blocks .............................................................. 02510.10 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe ................................................................ 02410.10 Polypropylene Pipe ............................................................................... 02415.40 Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe .......................................................................... 02415.50 Protective Coatings ............................................................................... 02420.20 Reinforced Concrete Pipe ..................................................................... 02410.10 Rubber Gaskets ................................................................................... 02440.40 Solid -Wall Polyethylene Pipe ................................................................ 02415.20 Steel Reinforced Polyethylene Pipe ...................................................... 02415.30
bands shall conform to the material Specifications for the Metal pipe to which they are attached.
tapered section shall conform to the material Specifications for the Metal pipe with which they are installed.
Drawings. Provide safety bars unless otherwise indicated on the Plans .
polyethylene (HMW -PE) tracer wire or 12-ga uge copper clad steel reinforced insulated HMW -PE tracer wire . The HMW -PE insulated cover shall be green and a minimum 45 mil thick. The wire shall be UL rated for 140 °F. 00445.40 377
the pipe, grout with a non-shrinking grout. Coat surfaces to receive grout with an epoxy bonding agent prior to grouting. Fitting stubs shall not protrude inside of the sewer pipe.
00445.12Asphalt Mastic - Furnish the asphalt mastic specified in 00445.47 for aluminum and
concrete contact surfaces that consists of a mixture of asphalt, mineral stabilizer, and fillers meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 243 or ASTM D4586. An approved product from the QPL may be used.
00445.15Quality Control - Provide quality control according to Section 00165
Labor
00445.30Quality Control Personnel - Provide technicians having CEBT and CDT technical
certifications.
Construction
00445.40General - Construct Culvert, siphon, sanitary sewer, storm sewer, and I rrigation Pipe
according to the following:
dispose of excavated material according to Section 00405 for pipes 72 inches and less in diameter and Section 00510 for pipes over 72 inches in diameter.
construction. The Special Provisions will indicate whether it will be done by the Agency or the Contractor. Do not vary from established line and grade by more than 1/32 inch per inch of pipe diameter. Variance shall not exceed 1/2 inch, subject to the following limitations:
• The variation does not result in a level or reverse sloping invert. • The variation in the invert elevation between adjoining ends of pipe, due to non- concentricity of joining surface and pipe interior surf aces, does not exceed 1/64 inch per inch of pipe diameter, or 1/2 inch maximum.
Inspect the pipe and fittings prior to lowering into the trench to ensure no cracked, broken or otherwise defective materials are used. Clean the ends of the pipe thoroughly, remove foreign matter and dirt from the inside of the pipe, and keep the pipe clean during laying and joining.
When deflecting the pipe from a straight line, either in the vertical or horizontal plane, or when long radius curves are shown, the amount of deflection allowed shall not exceed that recommended by the pipe manufacturer.
make connections between dissimilar pipe or where standard rubber gasketed Joints or transition couplings are not available. Place the collars using an appr oved commercial concrete bonding agent applied to all surfaces in contact with the collar. Where concrete closure collars are 00445.41 378 necessary to join PVC pipe, first prepare the PVC surface for bonding to the concrete by applying a dense coating of clean mortar sand to the pipe using PVC solvent cement. After the cement has cured, apply an approved commercial concrete bonding agent to the sand surface prior to placement of the concrete.
bedding Material under all tees, wyes and branch fittings, extending to the springline of the fittings.
Cap all service lines for sanitary sewers with watertight plugs or caps suitable for resisting the pressures of hydrostatic or air t esting.
The maximum line or grade change accomplished with any one fitting shall not exceed 45 degrees and shall be accomplished with long radius curves or bends.
anchors on runs of pipe located on Slopes 20 percent or greater.
00445.41Installing Pipe under Railroad - Prior to beginning any under -track Work , submit plans of
construction, and details of the methods and Equipment proposed to be used, to the E ngineer for submittal to the Railroad. Do not begin under -track Work until Railroad approval is obtained.
Within the limits indicated on the Plans , do not install the pipe under the railroad tracks by the open trench method. Within these limits install the pipe by tunneling, jacking, boring or similar methods, approved by the Railroad, as the Contractor elects, according to Section 00406. Install the pipe to the lines and grades established and backfill completely all voids around the installation with specified Material , to the satisfaction of the Railroad .
00445.42Laying Pipe - Begin pipe laying at the downstream end of the pipeline with the lower
segment of the pipe in contact with the shaped bedding throughout its full length and as follows:
• Elliptical Pipe - Place with the major axis within 5 degrees of a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the pipe.
• Flexible Pipe - Place with longitudinal laps or seams at the sides. At circumferential lap joints, place pipe so that the downstream piece is outside.
• Paved Invert or Partially Lined Pipe - Place with longitudinal centerline of paved segment coinciding with flow line.
• Rigid Pipe - Place with bell or groove ends facing upstream.
• Round Elliptically Reinforced Concrete Pipe - Place so that the manufacturer's marks designating the top and bottom of the pipe are within 5 degrees of a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the pipe.
00445.43Placing and Joining Pipe :
Joints according to the recommendations of the manufacturer for the type of Joint used. The trench bottom shall form a continuous and uniform bearing and support for the p ipe at every point between Joints.
Prevent excavated or other foreign material from getting into the pipe. Plug or close off pipes that are stubbed off for future connection. When cutting or machining of the pipe is necessary, use only the tools and met hods recommended by the pipe manufacturer. All field Joints shall: 00445.44 379 • Provide equal or greater strength than the adjoining pipe. • Fit close and tight. • Provide a smooth and uniform interior surface. • Secure and hold adjoining pipe segments to each other. • Faste n securely to adjoining Structures and special sections.
than 5 degrees from vertical.
recommendations.
Cut the pipe in a neat manner, at right angles to the axis of the pipe, and dress the cut end.
according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Assemble and join solid-wall HDPE pipe at the site using the thermal butt fusion method to provide a leak -proof Joint. Threaded or solvent -cement Joints are not allowed. All Equipment and procedures used shall be in strict compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Use personnel certified as fusion technicians by the manufacturer of the pipe or fusing Equipment to accomplish the fusing.
Provide Joints for corrugated polyethylene pipe made with either bell -and-bell or bell -and-spigot coupling.
according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
recommendations.
Provide Joints made with bell -and-spigot coupling. When the ambient air temperature is less than 10 °F, do not install, move, cover, bury, or otherwise handle the polypropylene pipe. All polypropylene pipe handled at temperatures below 10 °F will be rejected and not allowed to be used on the Project .
and other installations as specified.
Construct watertight field Joints for storm sewers and C ulverts with elastomeric Joint Material . Test Joints according to 00445.72.
will be inspected. Take up and relay or replace any pipe found to be out of alignment, unduly settled, or damaged.
00445.44Strutting Metal Pipe - When the Plans or Special Provisions call for Metal pipe to be
installed in a tied or strutted condition, place the ties or struts before backfilling, conforming to the details shown. Strutting with timber is not allowed in pipe furnished with paved inverts or with 00445.45 380 centrifugally applied bituminous inner linings. Remove the ties and struts after the embankment over the pipe is completed and compacted.
00445.45Backfilling:
over 72 inches in diameter.
place and compact embankment M aterials in layers as shown for the p ipe zone.
Do not cross any pipe with tractors or other heavy Equipment until it has been bedded and backfilled as specified, and is protected by at lea st a 4 -foot cover of compacted fill.
will maintain a vertical elongation between 4 and 6 percent greater than the indicated normal diameter, and fill up to the minimum cover above the top of the pipe indicated on the fill height table included with the Plans .
When elliptical shaped M etal pipe 48 inches and larger in size is furnished, install and maintain suitable tell -tales throughout the length of the pipe at intervals not exceeding 14 feet. Hang the tell-tales from the crown of the pipe and use as a progressive check on the pipe deflection during backfilling and filling.
Remove tell -tales after the entire fill over the pipe has been completed.
00445.46Concrete Blocks - When called for by the Plans or directed, construct Concrete Blocks,
with Commercial Grade Concrete according to Section 00440.
00445.47Contact Surfaces, Aluminum to Concrete - Where uncoated aluminum pipe or aluminum
coated steel pipe will be touching portland cement concrete, give the contact surfaces of the pipe a coating of asphalt mastic applied at a rate which will give a minimum dry film thickness of 50 mils. Do not place concrete on contact surfaces until the m astic coating has dried to practical hardness. The coating is considered to have reached practical hardness when firm pressure between the thumb and fingers shows a slight tacky condition, but the film is not ruptured, and none of the coating adheres to the fingers.
00445.48Tracer Wire - Install tracer wire in all trenches for sanitary and storm sewers. Place the
tracer wire directly over the pipe centerline and on top of the pipe zone Material . Place a branch tracer wire over each pipe connected to the main sewer. Make tracer wire splices using a solderless connection kit that effectively moisture-seals two or more conductors for direct burial and securely join the wires both mechanically and electrically. Insulate splices to be moisture -proof and waterproof. Splices wrapped with tape will not be accepted as waterproof. Have all splice kits approved prior to installation.
Test all tracer wire with locating Equipment prior to acceptance.
00445.72 381 Finishing, Cleaning Up, and Testing
00445.70General :
leakage. Perform video and deflection testing.
pipe for storm sewer, siphons, irrigation, sanitary sewers, and backfilling trenches, test the installations for watertightness, including inlet and outlet connections. Perform video, deflection, hydrostatic, and low -pressure air testing.
00445.71Requirements Prior to Tests:
irrigation systems and appurtenances shall successfully pass a hydrostatic or air test prior to acceptance and shall be free of visible infiltration of water. Test manholes as specified in Section 00470.
On pipe 30 inches in diameter and larger, individual Joints may be tested by an approved Joint testing device. All details of the testing procedure shall meet the approval of the Engineer.
tees, stubs and service connections with gasketed caps or plugs securely fastened or blocked to withstand test pressures.
manner that provides observable and accurate measurements of either air or water leakage under the specified conditions. Calibrate and certify gauges at the direction of the Engineer. Provide the certification with the gauge.
system and remove all debris.
00445.72Pipe Testing :
backfilling and compaction, and prior to wearing surface paving, conduct a low -pressure air test or a hydrostatic test. Provide all Equipment and personnel for the test. Conduct tests during normal working hours. The Engineer may require testing of manhole-to -manhole sections as they are completed in order to expedite the acceptance of the system and allow connections. The method, Equipm ent and personnel used in testing shall be subject to approval of the Engineer. The Engineer may, at any time, require a calibration check of the instrumentation used.
used to close the system for the testing shall be capable of resisting the expected internal pressures. Securely brace plugs, if necessary.
the av erage height of groundwater over the lines immediately before starting the test, using an approved method.
be filled with clear water to permit normal absorption into the pipe walls. Keep the test pipe section 00445.72 382 saturated for a minimum of 4 hours. After the absorption period, refill the pipe to the required test head.
Exfiltration leakage shall not sustain losses of more than 0.04 gallons per hour per inch diameter per 100 feet of pipe, except 0.3 gallons per hour , per inch per 100 feet may be used in arid climate zones if approved by the Engineer . The hydrostatic head shall be a minimum 6 -foot water column above the crown of the highest section of pipe including service connections or exceed the maximum estimated groundwater level . The Engineer will make the final decisions regarding test height for the water in the pipe section.
The length of pipe tested by exfiltration shall be limited so that the pressure on the invert of the lower end of the section shall not exceed 16 feet of water column. Account for all service connection footage for computing allowable leakage.
and an accuracy of 0.0625 psi. All air testing shall be by the Time Pressure Drop Method. The test procedure is as follows:
shall be increased 0.433 psi for each foot of average water depth o ver the exterior crown of the pipe.
the average back -pressure due to groundwater.
adding only the amount of air required to maintain pressure.
to 2.5 psi greater than the average backpressure due to groundwater.
For air permeable Materials (concrete & clay) t he tested section will be acceptable if the time recorded in paragraph (6) above is not less than the time in seconds (T) computed by the formula:
T = K/C
Where: K = the sum of the computations (0.011 d2L) for each size of pipe and its length in the section C = the sum of the computations (0.0003882 dL) for each size of pipe and its length in the section, except that the minimum value for C shall be 1 d = inside diameter of the pipe in inches L = length of pipe in feet
For non- air permeable pipe (Metal, PVC, HDPE, ABS composite), the section tested shall be accepted if the time recorded in (6) above is not less than the time determined by the following equation.
T =0.085 (DK/Q)
00445.73 383 Where:
T = shortest time allowed for air pressure to drop 1.0 psig (seconds) K = 0.000419 DL but not less than 1.0 Q = leak rate in cubic feet/minute/square feet of internal surface = 0.0015 CFM/SF D = measured average inside diameter of pipe (inches) L = length of tested section (feet)
testing apparatus. The method, Equipment and personnel used in individual Joint testing shall be as approved. The Engineer may, at any time, require a calibration check of the instrumentation used. The pressure gauge used shall have minimum divisions of 0.1 psi and have an accuracy of 0.0625 psi. All air used shall pass through a single control panel.
as follows:
required below shall be increased 0.433 psi for each foot of average water depth over the exterior crown of the pipe.
greater than the average backpressure due to groundwater.
within 5 seconds.
00445.73Deflection Testing for Flexible Pipe - Prior to wearing surface paving, c onduct deflection
tests of C ulverts, sanitary sewers, and storm sewers constructed of F lexible Pipe. Perform the deflection testing using one of the following methods.
to 00415.42.
00415.42
completed pipeline. Use a mandrel having at least 9 vanes and a diameter 9 5 percent of the pipe's initial inside diameter.
Conduct testing on a manhole- to-manhole basis after the line has been completely flushed out with water. Conduct the tests not less than 30 Days after the trench backfill and compaction have been completed. Tests may be conducted sooner if approved by the Engineer. Conduct t he test concurrently with video inspection. Pull the mandrel in front of the camera so that the deflection testing is clearly recorded on the video tape unless approved by the Engineer. Provide a water depth gauge, located on the video camera side of the mandrel with the following characteristics:
• Graduated with marks at 0.50- inch increments clearly visible during video inspection. • Capable of measuring water depth in 0.50-inch increm ents from 0.50 inch to 2.50 inches. • Designed so that it will remain plumb regardless of the rotation of the mandrel or video camera.
00445.74 384 00445.74 Video Inspection of Culverts, Sanitary and Storm Sewers -
perform video pipe inspection according to Section 00415.
For all existing sanitary sewer and storm sewers being altered or repaired, perform video pipe inspection, according to Section 00415. Video the sewer system between the nearest upstream manhole where Work is not being performed and the nearest downstream manhole where Work is not being performed, including all lateral runs between end manholes.
When replacing entire pipe sections or runs a video pipe inspection is not required prior to replacement.
repair of sanitary sewer, storm sewer, or Culvert pipe, perform video pipe inspection, acc ording to Section 00415, including the locations where new pipe meets existing pipe.
00445.75Repairs - Locate and repair any sections failing to pass the required tests and inspections
Repeat the specified tests and inspections on those sections at no additional cost to the Agency. Following a successful hydrostatic or air test, visible infiltration of groundwater in any section will be considered evidence that the original test was in error or that failure of the section has occurred. Correct such failures and retest the repaired sections, at no additional cost to the Agency.
Measurement
00445.80Measurement - Pipes and related Work performed under this Section will be measured
according to the following:
length basis, and will be determined by the length and depth of installation as follows:
• Length - The length will be measured, with no deduction for Structures or fittings, along th e pipe flow line from center to center of manholes, inlets, or special sections ; or the ends of pipe or end sections , whichever is applicable.
• Depth - The depth will be used to determine the maximum depth range and Pay Item for each pipe. The maximum depth range, to the flow line, for each pipe will be "5 feet", "10 feet", "20 feet", and "over 20 feet" as applicable. The depth in excavation areas will be the maximum measured vertical distance between the pipe flow line and the surface of the original ground or Subgrade, whichever is less, or the slopes of other areas outside the Subgrade limits.
The depth in embankment areas will be the maximum measured vertical distance between the pipe flow line and the surface of the constructed embankment as determined in
00330.42(c)(6)
basis. No deduction will be made from measurement of pipe for the length of the fitting.
skewed ends will be measured on the unit basis. 00445.91 385
unit basis.
volume basis, in place.
sum basis or on the weight basis according to 00530.80.
install pipe under Railroads. Pipe installed under Railroads will be separately measured according to 00445.80(a). Excavation and backfill for pipes greater t han 72 inches in diameter will be measured according to Section 00510. Video pipe inspection will be measured according to 00415.80.
Trench resurfacing will be measured according to 00495.80.
Payment
00445.90General - The Contract unit price for eac h Pay Item reflects Plan requirements or the
Contractor's choice from the applicable options listed on the Pipe Data Sheets (if shown).
00445.91Payment - The accepted quantities of pipe and related Work items performed under this
Section will be paid f or at the Contract unit price, per unit of measurement, for the following items:
Pay Item Unit of Measurement
In item (a), the nominal pipe diameter will be inserted in the first blank. The type of pipe will be inserted in the second blank. The appropriate flow line depth range will be inserted in the third blank.
Item (a) includes pipe 72 inches and smaller in diameter.
00445.91 386 In item (b), the nominal pipe diameter will be inserted in the first blank. For arch type pipe, the nominal diameter o f circular M etal pipe from which the pipe arch is formed, or reformed, will be inserted in the first blank. The type of pipe will be inserted in the second blank.
Item (b) includes pipe larger than 72 inches in diameter. In items (c) and (d), the nominal pipe size will be inserted in the blank. In item (e), the outer sleeve slip Joint size will be inserted in the blank. The inner sleeve will be included in payment made for the smaller pipe.
Item (f) includes all sloped end sections, whether manufactured as a sloped unit or cut in the field.
In items (f) and (g), the nominal pipe diameter will be inserted in the blank.
Item (g) includes safety bars when required.
In item (h), the type of pipe slope anchor will be inserted in the first blank and the nominal pipe diameter will be inserted in the second blank . Item (j) includes reinforcement if there is no item listed for reinforcement in blocks in the Contract Schedule of Items.
In item (l), the nominal pipe diameter will be inserted in the blank.
Item (l) includes all additional Work involved in placing pipe under existing R ailroad tracks as specified within the limits shown.
In item (m) the nominal pipe diameter will be inserted in the blank. Item (m) includes all costs associated with furnishing the 3 pieces elbow for slope pipe, including all necessary fabrication.
Payment will be payment in full for furnishing and placing all Materials, and for furnishing all Equipment, labor, and Incidentals necessary to complete the Work as specified.
Excavation and backfill for pipes greater than 72 inches in diameter will be paid for according to Section 00510.
Video pipe inspection will be paid for according to 00415.90. Trench resurfacing will be paid for according to 00495.90 . No separate or additional payment will be made for:
• trench excavation, bedding, pipe zone M aterial, and trench backfill for pipes 72 inches and less in diameter • pipe plugs, stoppers, and other required fittings • tracer wire • hydrostatic, air, J oint, and deflection testing When the Contract Schedule of Items does not indicate payment for pipes or other W ork under this Section, no separate or additional payment will be made. Payment will be included in payment made for the appropriate items under which this W ork is required.