00744.10 757 Section 00744 - Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Description
00744.00Scope - This Work consists of constructing Asphalt Concrete Pavement (ACP) to the lines,
grades, thicknesses, and Cross Sections shown or established.
00744.01Abbreviations :
HMAC - Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete MAMD - Moving Average Maximum Density RAM - Recycled Asphalt Material TSR - Tensile Strength Ratio VFA - Voids Filled with Asphalt VMA - Voids in Mineral Aggregate WMAC - Warm Mix Asphalt Concrete
00744.02Definitions :
Asphalt Concrete Pavement - Uniformly coated mixture of asphalt cement, graded Aggregate, and additives as required. The use of ACP in this section refers to either hot mix or W arm Mix Asphalt Concrete. Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete - A hot plant mixed ACP.
Level 1 ACP - ACP for use in applications with very low traffic and only limited exposure to t rucks.
Level 2 ACP - ACP for use in applications with low traffic volumes and low volume truck traffic.
Level 3 ACP - ACP for use in applications exposed to moderate truck traffic.
Recycled Asphalt Material - The combination of reclaimed asphalt Pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS).
Warm Mix Asphalt Concrete - An asphalt concrete mix following all requirements of HMAC, except that through use of approved additives or processes, it is mixed, pl aced, and compacted at lower temperatures.
Materials
00744.10Aggregate - Furnish new Aggregate, RAP Aggregate, and RAS Aggregate meeting the
following requirements:
or other inert material of similar characteristics.
Blend Sand is allowed for Levels 1, 2, and 3 mixes. Do not use more than 6 percent natural or uncrushed blend Sand, by weight, in the total Aggregate. Provide a means of verifying and documenting the amount of blend Sand added to the Aggregate.
Testing of Aggregates for soundness, durability, and harmful substances will be at the discretion and expense of the Agency.
00744.10 758 (1) Soundness - Provide Coarse and Fine Aggregate with a weighted loss not exceeding 12 percent when subjected to five cycles of the soundness test using sodium sulfate solution according to AASHTO T 104.
Test Test Method Aggregates ODOT AASHTO Coarse Abrasion T 96 30.0% Degradation Passing No. 20 sieve TM 208 30.0% Sediment Height TM 208 3.0"
fractured faces as determined by AASHTO T 335 as follows:
Percent of Fracture (by Weight) Material Retained on 1", 3/4", 1/2" Material Retained and No. 4 Sieve on No. 8 sieve Type of Mix (two fractured faces) (one fractured face)
All ACP 75 75
Test Test Method Aggregates ODOT AASHTO Coarse Fine Lightweight pieces T 113 1.0% Wood Particles TM 225 0.10% Elongated Pieces TM 229 10.0% (at a ratio of 5:1) Plasticity Index T 90 0 or NP Sand Equivalent T 176 45 min.
No more than 30 percent RAP M aterial will be allowed in the new ACP Pavement . Use RAP Aggregates in the ACP that are no larger than the specified maximum allowable Aggregate size before entering the cold feed. Blend the RAP M aterial with new Aggregate to provide a mixture conforming to the JMF within the tolerances specified.
manufacturer waste (post -manufact urer) RAS or tear- off (post -consumer) RAS may be used. Manufacturer waste RAS is processed asphalt shingle material derived from manufacturer's shingle scrap. Tear -off RAS is processed asphalt shingle material derived from shingle scrap removed from Structures. All percentages are based upon dry weights for calculations.
that 100 percent of the shredded pieces are less than 1/2 inch in any dimension and that 90 percent are less than 3/8 inch in any dimension when sampled according to AASHTO R 90 and tested according to AASHTO T 27. Sample and test the processed RAS for gradation at a frequency of one test for every 50 Tons of RAS processed.
00744.11 759 (2) Harmful Substances - Certif y that the RAS does not contain asbestos fibers according to the policies and procedures established by the Department of Environmental Quality. Test deleterious materials according to ODOT TM 335 at a frequency of one test for every 50 Tons of RAS Material. Limit the percentage of deleterious materials to 1.0 percent. If Fine Aggregate is added as an anti -clumping agent, sample and test processed RAS for harmful substances before adding the Fine Aggregates.
be added to the RAS in a quantity not to exceed 4 percent by weight of RAS to keep the Material workable and to prevent conglomeration of the shingle particles in the stockpile. Include these added Fine Aggregates in the mix design. RAS may also be blended with RAP in controlled percentages to preclude clumping. Do not contaminate stockpiled RAS with dirt or other foreign materials.
allowed in ACP mixtures. Restrict the maximum allowable percentage of asphalt binder replacement to 20.0 percent for Base Courses and 15.0 percent for wearing Courses in ACP containing only RAS.
When RAS is used in conjunction with RAP, rest rict the maximum allowable percentage of binder replacement to 30.0 percent for Base Courses and 25.0 percent for wearing Courses.
addition of Fine Aggregate as an anti-clumping agent, test the material according to ODOT TM 319 to establish the asphalt content, material specific gravities, and gradation. Develop mixture designs according to the ODOT Contractor Mix Design Guidelines for Asphalt Concrete.
Blend the RAS or RAM with new Aggregate to provide a mixture conforming to the JMF within the tolerances specified.
00744.11Asphalt Cement and Additives - Furnish the following asphalt cement and additives:
publication Standard Specifications for Asphalt Materials . Copies of the publication are available from the ODOT Pavement Services Engineer . The applicable Specifications are those contained in the current publication on the date the Project is advertised. Use the grade of asphalt that is specified in the Special Pr ovisions.
are of known value for the intended purpose and approved for use on the basis of laboratory tests and capable of being thoroughly mixed. Do not use as phalt cement additives that have detrimental effects on the asphalt Material. Do not use silicones as an additive. Add the following asphalt cement additives when required by the JMF:
• Anti-stripping asphalt cement additives to prevent stripping or separation of asphalt coatings from Aggregates to satisfy the TSR specified in 00744.13. • Asphalt cement admixtures used to aid in the mixing or use of asphalt mixes or for experimental purposes. When WMAC is used, select one of the WMAC technologies and process and additive types identified on ODOT's publication Approved WMAC Technologies .
Submit the proposed WMAC technology to be used and a plan for its implementation at the pre-construction conference. 00744.12 760 Comply with the manufacturer's recommendations for incorporating additives and WMAC technologies into the mix. Comply with manufacturer's recommendations regarding receiving, storing, and delivering the additives.
00744. 12 Mix Type and Broadband Limits - Furnish the m ix type specified in the Contract Documents within the broadband limits according to following:
two types for a Course of Pavement , use only one type throughout the Course.
below:
Sieve Size 3/4" ACP 1/2" ACP 3/8" ACP Control Points (% passing by Weight) Control Points (% passing by Weight) Control Points (% passing by Weight) Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 1" 100 3/4" 90 100 100 1/2" − 90 90 100 100 3/8" − − − 90 90 100 No. 4 − − − − − 90 No. 8 23 49 28 58 32 67 No. 200 2.0 8.0 2.0 10.0 2.0 10.0
00744.13Job Mix Formula Requirements - Provide a JMF for the Project meeting the following
criteria and that was either developed or verified within 3 years of the date the Contract was advertised:
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Design Method Superpave Superpave Superpave Compaction Level 65 Gyrations 65 Gyrations 80 Gyrations Air Voids, % 3.5 4.0 4.0 VMA, % minimum 1/2 inch - 14.0 3/4 inch - 13.0 3/4 inch - 13.0 3/8 inch - 15.0 1/2 inch - 14.0 1/2 inch - 14.0 3/8 inch - 15.0 3/8 inch - 15.0 VMA, % maximum min + 2.0% min + 2.0% min + 2.0% P No. 200 / Eff. AC ratio 0.8 to 1.6 0.8 to 1.6 0.8 to 1.6 TSR, % minimum 80 80 80 VFA, % 70 - 80 65 - 78 65 - 75 3/8 inch: 70 - 80 3/8 inch: 70 - 80 3/8 inch: 70 - 80
Develop the JMF according to the ODOT Contractor Mix Design Guidelines for Asphalt Concrete; or verify according to the ODOT m ix design verification process. Submit the proposed JMF and supporting data to the Engineer for review at least 10 Calendar Days before anticipated use. If acceptable, written acceptance will be provided. Perform a new TSR if the source of the asphalt cement changes.
For Level 3 wearing Course mixes, include the results of the performance testing as outlined in the latest ODOT Contractor Mix Design Guidelines for Asphalt Concrete in the mix design submittal.
00744.14 761 Issue a separate JMF for WMAC. Do not use RAS in WMAC mixes with minimum compaction temperatures less than 260 °F.
When WMAC is used, provide the following i nformation in addition to the requirements listed for ACP:
• WMAC technology and WMAC additives information. • WMAC technology manufacturer's established recommendations of usage. • WMAC technology manufacturer's established target rate for water and additives, the acceptable variation for production, and documentation showing the impact of excessive production variation. • WMAC technology material safety data sheets if applicable. • Temperature range for mixing. • Temperature range for compacting. • Except for foaming technology, asphalt binder performance grade test data of the asphalt binder and chemical additive at the manufacturer's recommended dosage rate. • Except for foaming technology, WMAC mixture performance test results. Perform testing for foaming tec hnology on the production mix on specimens compacted at WMAC compaction temperatures.
00744.14Tolerances and Limits - Produce and place ACP within the following JMF tolerances and
limits:
Gradation Constituent ACP Type 3/4" 1/2" 3/8" 1" JMF ± 5% * 3/4" 90 - 100% JMF ± 5% * 1/2" JMF ± 5% 90 - 100% JMF ± 5% * 3/8" − − 90 - 100% No. 4 JMF ± 5% JMF ± 5% JMF ± 5% No. 8 JMF ± 4% JMF ± 4% JMF ± 4% No. 30 JMF ± 4% JMF ± 4% JMF ± 4% No. 200 JMF ± 2.0% JMF ± 2.0% JMF ± 2.0% * Maximum not to exceed 100%
Constituent of Mixture ACP All Types Asphalt Cement - AASHTO T 308 (Ignition) and ODOT TM 323 JMF ± 0.50% RAP Content - ODOT TM 321 JMF ± 2.0% RAS Content - ODOT TM 321 JMF ± 1.0% RAM Content - ODOT TM 321 JMF ± 2.0% Moisture content at time of discharge from the mixing plant - AASHTO T 329 0.80% max.
When a JMF tolerance applies to a constituent, full tolerance will be given even if it exceeds the control points established in 00744.12(b). Full tolerance will be given for RAP, RAS, or RAM content even if it exceeds the limits established in 00744.10.
00744.16 762 00744.16 Sampling and Testing - Provide sampling, testing, and quality control according to
If less than three samples are obtained on a Project , the Contractor may supplement test results with the Engineer's approval by:
• Accelerating testing. • Providing test results from other projects with the same JMF within the past 120 D ays of first date of JMF production. • Testing back up samples.
Provide a minimum of three test results. Provide samples or split samples to the Engineer when requested.
00744.17Acceptance - If the average for each mix gradation constituent and asphalt content is
within th e Specification limits, the Material will be accepted. If the average asphalt content or one or more gradation constituents is not within the Specification limits, the Material that is not within the Specification limits will be accepted according to 00150.25.
Equipment
00744.23Pavers - Provide pavers that are:
• Self-contained, self -propelled, supported on tracks or wheels, none of which contact the mixture being placed. • Equipped with augers and a screed or strike-off assembly, heated if necessary, which: • Can spread and finish the ACP to a uniform texture, in the specified widths, thicknesses, lines, grades and Cross Sections. • Will not segregate, tear, shove or gou ge the ACP. • Equipped with a paver control system which: • Controls the ACP placement to specified Slope and grade. • Maintains the paver screed in proper position. • Provides the specified results through mechanical sensors and sensor -directed devices actuated from independent line and grade control references.
00744.24Compactors - Provide self -propelled steel -wheeled or vibratory rollers specifically
designed to co mpact ACP and capable of reversing without backlash. Provide a sufficient number of appropriately weighted rollers to compact the mixture. Equip vibratory rollers with amplitude and frequency controls. Do not operate in vibratory mode for Lifts thinner than two times the maximum Aggregate size for the type of ACP being compacted.
Labor
00744.30Quality Control Personnel - Provide technicians having CAgT, CAT -I, CDT, and CMDT
technical certifications.
Construction
00744.40Season and Temperature Li mitations - Place ACP when the temperature of the surface
that is to be paved is not less than the temperature specified :
00744.42 763 Nominal Compacted All Levels Level 1 and Level 2 Level 3 Thickness of Individual Lifts and Courses as Travel Lane All Other shown on the T ypical All Courses Wearing Course Courses Section of the Plans Surface From To From To From To Temperature* Inclusive Inclusive Inclusive
Less than 2 inches 60 °F All Year** 3/15 9/30 All Year** 2 inches - 2 1/2 inches 50 °F All Year** 3/15 9/30 All Year** Greater than 2 1/2 inches 40 °F All Year** 3/15 9/30 All Year** Temporary 40 °F All Year** All Year** All Year**
* Do not use field burners or other devices to heat the Pavement surface to the specified minimum temperature. ** If placing ACP between March 15 and September 30, temperature requirement may be lowered 5 °F.
00744.41Mixing Temper atures - Produce ACP within the temperature ranges recommended by
the asphalt cement Supplier for the grade of asphalt being used on the Project.
Establish the allowable mixing and placement temperature ranges by the JMF. Measure the mixture temperature at the discharge of the mixer. Measure the placement temperature behind the paver. The allowable production temperatures may be adjusted based on the asphalt cement Supplier 's recommendation if approved by the Engineer. The maximum mixture temperature and the minimum placement temperature shall be as follows:
Temperature, °F Type Maximum Minimum Behind at Mixer Paver HMAC 350 240 WMAC 275 215
Within the above limits, the Contractor with approval of the Engineer, or the Engineer may adjust this temperature in 10 °F increments from the JMF as follows:
• Up - If the Aggregate coating, moisture content, workability or compaction requirements ar e not attained.
• Down - If the Aggregate coating, moisture content, workability and compaction requirements are attained.
00744.42Tack Coat - Construct a tack coat before placing each Lift of ACP according to
Section 00730. A tack coat is not required before placing ACP on Aggregate Base .
Remove all loose material that will reduce adhesion of the tack by brooming, flushing with water, or other approved methods.
Treat all paved surfaces on and against which ACP is to be placed with an asphalt tack coat according to Section 00730. Before applying the tack coat, clean and dry the surface to be tacked.
Treat all waterproofing membranes on and against which ACP is to be placed with an asphal t tack coat meeting the requirements of 00744.11(a) or as recommended by the membrane manufacturer. 00744.43 764
00744.43Hauling, Depositing, and Placing - Haul, deposit, and place ACP according to the
following:
ACP will be rejected before placing if one or more of the following occurs:
• Below temperature limit specified in 00744.41. • Slumping or separating. • Solidifying.
Dispose of rejected loads at no additional cost to the Agency.
Deliver the mixture to the paving machine at a rate that provides continuous operation of the paving machine, except for unavoidable delay or breakdown. If excessive stopping of the paving machine occurs during paving operations, the Engineer may suspend paving operations until the mixture delivery rate matches the paving machine operation.
paver is impractical. Do not place ACP during rain or other adverse weather conditions, unless allowed by the Engineer. ACP in transit at the time adverse conditions occur may be placed if:
• It has been covered during transit. • The ACP temperature is satisfactory. • It is placed on a foundation free from pools or flow of water.
Place the mixture in the number of Lifts and Courses, and to the compacted thickness for each Lift and Course, as shown. Place each Course in one Lift unless otherwise specified. Do not exceed a compacted thickness of 4 inches for any Lift . Limit the minimum Lift thickness to twice the maximum Aggregate size in the mix.
00744.44Longitudinal Joints - At longitudinal joints, bond, compact and finish the new ACP equal
to the ACP against which it is placed.
minimum. Offset the longitudinal joints in one Panel by at least 6 inches from the longitudinal joints in the Panel immediately below.
or within 12 inches of the center of a lane, except in irregular areas, unless otherwise shown.
or directed.
• Provide warning signs and markings according to Sections 00221, 00222, 00224 and 00225 where abrupt or sloped edge drop-offs greater than 1 inch in height occur. 00744.45 765 • Protect edges from being broken down.
If unable to complete the Pavement without drop-offs according to 00744.44(c) do the following:
• Construct and maintain a wedge of ACP at a Slope of 1V:10H or flatter along the exposed longitudinal joint. • Remove and dispose of the wedge before continuing paving operations. • Construct, maintain, remove, and dispose of the temporary wedge at no additional cost to the Agency. ACP for the temporary wedge will be paid for at the Contract unit price.
nominal thickness being laid as follows:
the area being paved, including Shoulders, is completed to the same elevation with no longitudinal drop-offs, unless approved.
one Panel of new travel lane Pavement does not extend beyond the adjoining Panel of new travel lane Pavement more than the distance normally c overed by each shift. At the end of each week complete the full width of the area to be paved, including Shoulders, to the same elevation with no longitudinal drop-offs.
00744.45Transverse Joints:
Courses, except Leveling Courses, as follows:
the selected transverse joint location, and from that point, wedge down on the appropriate Slope until the top of the Course being laid meets the underlying surface (assuming a Pavement Course thickness of 2 inches) as follows:
• For wedges that will be under traffic for less than 24 hours, construct an 8 foot long wedge (1V:5 0H taper rate). • For wedges that will be under traffic for 24 hours or longer, construct a 25 foot long wedge (1V:160H taper rate). • Construct, maintain, remove, and dispose of the temporary wedge at no additional cost to the Agency. ACP for the temporary w edge will be paid for at the Contract unit price.
When the Pavement Course thickness is different than the above 2 inch example, use the appropriate taper rate to compute the length of the wedge. The wedge length plus the 4 feet or longer Panel form the temporary end Panel.
• Provide a smooth, vertical face the full depth of the Course being laid at the location selected for the joint by sawing, cutting or other approved method. • Remove the ACP material from the joint to the end of the Panel. If removed before resuming paving beyond the joint, reconstruct the temporary end Panel immediately by placing a bond-breaker of paper, dust, or other suitable Material against the vertical face and on the surface to be occupied by the temporary end Panel. Construct a full -depth 00744.49 766 Panel at least 4 feet long, beginning at the sawed or cut joint, and t aper it on a 1V:50H Slope to zero thickness.
specified, dispose of unused, remaining ACP as directed. Payment will be made for the entire load of ACP, but will be limited t o only one load for each joint of each Panel.
any bond- breakers. Clean the surface of all debris and apply a tack coat to the vertical edge and the surface to be paved.
with a straightedge placed across the joint, the joint surface shall conform to 00744.70.
in the longitudinal direction and either transverse or diagonal direction, as directed.
bridge decks, bridge end joints and appro ach slab end joints as soon as practical but within 48 hours of paving each stage of the wearing Course, unless otherwise directed. Sawcut a 3/8 inch wide, ± 1/8 inch, by 1/2 inch less than the thickness of the Panel of Pavement depth or 1 1/2 inches deep, whichever is less. Flush the sawcut thoroughly with a high-pressure water stream after the cut has been made. Before the cut dries out, blow it free of water and debris with compressed air. Fill the sawcut joint with a hot applied joint sealant from t he QPL.
00744.49Compaction - After the ACP has been spread, struck off, and surface irregularities and
other defects remedied, roll it uniformly until compacted t o a minimum of 91 percent of MAMD. Perform finish rolling and continue until all roller marks are eliminated. Determine compliance with density Specifications by random testing of the compacted surface with calibrated nuclear gauges. Determine the densi ty by averaging QC tests performed by a CDT with the nuclear gauge operated in the backscatter mode according to AASHTO T 335 at one random location for each 100 T ons of asphalt concrete placed, but take no less than 10 tests each shift. Do not locate the center of a density test less than 1 foot from the Panel edge. Calculate MAMD according to ODOT TM 305. The Engineer may waive compaction testing upon written notice. Compaction to a specified density will not be required for the following:
• Thin Pavements - Leveling, patches, or where the nominal compacted thickness of a Course of ACP will be less than 2 inches.
Other Areas - Temporary Surfacing, guardrail flares, mailbox turnouts, road approaches, and areas of restricted width of less than 8 feet wide or limited length, regardless of thickness.
Compact thin Pavements and other areas according to 00749.45.
Maintenance
00744.60Correction of Def ects - Correct all defects in Materials and Work , as directed, at no
additional cost to the Agency, according to the following:
between successive Lifts of mixture. 00744.90 767
fresh mixture.
occurring in the finished mat. If segregation continues to occur, stop production until a plan for providing uniform surface texture is approved.
or by other approved means.
constructed or when the elevation of the two sides of a longitudinal joint does not match. If problems with the longitudinal joint continue to occur, stop production until a plan for providing tight, equal elevation longitudinal joints is approved.
• Is loose, broken, or mixed with dirt. • Shows visually too much or too little asphalt.
Finishing and Cleaning Up
00744.70Pavement Smoothness - Furnish a 12-foot straightedge. Test with a 12-foot straightedge
parallel to and perpendicular to the centerline, as directed. The Pavement surface shall not vary by more than 1/4 inch. Mark areas not meeting the surface tolerance.
00744.75Correction of Pavement Roughness - Correct Equipment or paving operation
procedures when tests show the Pavement smoothness does not comply with 00744.70. In addition, do the following:
methods as approved by the Engineer:
• Remove and replace the wearing surface Lift . • Profile to a maximum depth of 0.3 inch with abrasive grinders equipped with a cutting head comprised of multiple diamond blades, and apply an emulsion fog seal a s directed.
notification, unless otherwise directed.
Measurement
00744.80Measurement - The quantities of ACP will be measured on the weight basis
No de ductions will be made for asphalt cement, mineral filler, lime, anti -strip, or any other additive used in the mixture.
Payment
00744.90Payment - The accepted quantities of ACP incorporated into the Project , whether or not
recycled Materials are used, will be paid for at the Contract unit price, per T on, for the item "Level ____, ____ ACP Mixture ____".
00744.90 768 The following will be inserted in the blanks:
• The level of ACP (1, 2, 3) will be inserted in the first blank. • The type of ACP (3/4 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/8 inch), will be inserted in the second blank. • The words "in Leveling", "in Temporary", or "in Leveling and Temporary" will be inserted in t he third blank when applicable.
Payment will be payment in full for furnishing and placing all Materials, and for furnishing all Equipment , labor, and Incidentals necessary to complete the Work as specified.
No separate or additional payment will be made for:
• asphalt cement, mineral filler, lime, and anti -stripping or other additives • sawing, cleaning, and filling joints on bridge deck overlays