635 Page 451635 TRAFFIC SIGNALS AND ROADWAY LIGHTING
635.1DESCRIPTION
This work consists of furnishing and installing all material and equipment necessary for the operation of traffic signals and roadway lighting.
635.2MATERIALS
Materials for traffic signals and roadway lighting will conform to Section 985. Equipment and materials furnished will be new.
635.3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A.General Installations will comply with applicable sections of the National Electrical Code (NEC), State regulations, and local ordinances. Licenses or permits required will be obtained by and at the expense of the Contractor. The Contractor will arrange for necessary electrical services at locations specified, as agreed to by the Department and the utility company. After the traffic signals and the lighting system have been turned on and found to be operating satisfactorily and all installation of the system is complete, the Engineer will notify the Contractor of acceptance. Upon acceptance, the Contractor will be relieved of routine maintenance responsibility. The Contractor will remain responsible for failures due to character of work, materials, or equipment that occur during a one year period following the date of acceptance. The Contractor will warrant and guarantee materials, electrical, and mechanical equipment furnished and installed to be free from defects in materials and character of work in accordance with the following: Warranties and guarantees offered by electrical and mechanical equipment manufacturers will be turned over to the maintaining authority at the time of acceptance of the project. The maintaining authority will be named as the obligee on all manufacturer warranties and guarantees. The Contractor will warrant and guarantee satisfactory in-service operations of electrical and mechanical equipment, and related components, and will replace or correct parts found to be defective within a one year period. Compensation will not be made for replacements or corrections. The warranty and guarantee requirements will not apply to parts of electrical and mechanical equipment which have been subjected to misuse, negligence, or accident by other parties. B.Electrical Grounding and Bonding: Grounding and bonding will be in compliance with the NEC, local ordinances, and local utility company rules. C.Conduit: Use and installation will conform to NEC and the following requirements: 1.The size of the conduits installed will not be less than the electrical trade size specified. 635 Page 4522.The location and direction of conduit runs is diagrammatic and may be shifted to meet field conditions. 3.Underground conduit will be placed by trenching, jacking, or drilling methods. The use of the trenching method for placement under existing roadway pavements will be permitted only after jacking or drilling attempts have failed. The Contractor will not use equipment requiring flowing water for installation of conduit under streets or roadways unless approved by the Engineer. Trenches will be backfilled and compacted to the same density as the adjoining ground. Roadway surfaces, sidewalks, curb and gutters, sod, etc., which are removed by trenching operations will be replaced. The cost of removing and replacing these materials will be incidental to the bid price for the conduit. 4.Where trenching operations require the removal of concrete pavement or sidewalk, the concrete will be sawed full depth along the removal lines, or the concrete will be removed to existing joints. 5.Conduit entering through junction or pull box walls will terminate approximately 2 inches in from the inside wall and not less than 2 inches above the bottom. The diameter of the holes in the junction or pull box walls will be no more than 1/4 inch larger than the diameter of the conduit. The area around the conduit will be sealed with a waterproof silicone sealant. 6.Conduit entering the traffic signal cabinet will be sealed with paraffin or other approved sealing compounds to prevent the entrance of gases. The height of the conduit will not exceed 2 inches above the cabinet base. 7.Metal conduit open ends in junction boxes or above concrete foundations will be provided with an approved threaded conduit grounding bushing. Nonmetallic conduit open ends will have an approved bell end or bushing installed to prevent damage to cable or conductors. 8.Metal conduit ends will be reamed to remove sharp edges and burrs. Threads on threaded conduit will be painted with a good quality lead or rust preventive paint as the couplings are made up. Couplings will be tightened until the ends of the conduit are brought together. D.Concrete Footings: The bottom of concrete footings will rest on firm ground. The sides of the footings will be formed by using an auger and then placing the concrete against the natural soil. A suitable form will be used above existing ground line and all exposed portions will be formed to present a neat appearance. The above ground portion of the footing will be formed of sufficient size and shape so no part of the pole base, including transformer type bases, will overhang or protrude beyond the footing. An acceptable form will be used if the excavation is larger than the standard footing dimensions. Backfill must be replaced to a density equal to or greater than the adjacent undisturbed natural soil. The top of the concrete footing will be finished smooth and will be level after anchor bolt/rod installation. 635 Page 453A 1/2 inch conduit for grounding wire raceway will be installed through the footing. Ground rods will be a minimum of 2 feet from the footing. E.Anchor Bolts/Rods: Anchor bolts/rods will be installed in accordance with the following requirements: 1.General: Anchor bolts/rods will be provided with all hardware required for attaching and leveling in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 2.Anchor Bolt/Rod Installation: A steel template will be used to accurately locate and hold the anchor bolts/rods plumb and in proper alignment. This template will be in place during placement of the concrete base and will remain in place a minimum of 24 hours after the concrete placement has been completed. Out of position anchor bolts/rods and anchor bolts/rods greater than 1:40 out-of-plumb are cause for rejection of the base. Bending of the anchor bolts/rods to straighten or move into position, or alterations of the pole base plate will not be permitted. 3.Anchor Bolt/Rod Tightening: Breakaway transformer bases will be tightened in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. All others will be tightened in accordance with the following: a.All leveling nuts (bottom nuts) will be brought to full bearing on the bottom of the base plate. The bottom of the leveling nuts must be kept as close to the concrete base as practical and will not be more than one anchor bolt/rod diameter above the top of the concrete base. Leveling nuts must be threaded onto the anchor bolt to provide at least 1/4 inch projection of the anchor bolt/rod above the top nut or jam nut if required when in its tightened position. b.A softened beeswax or equivalent will be applied to the top nut bearing face and top nut internal threads prior to placement on the anchor bolt/rod. All top nuts will be tightened to a snug tight condition. Snug tight is defined as the tightness attained by the full effort of a person using a wrench with a length equal to 14 times the diameter of the anchor bolt/rod, except the minimum length will be 18 inches. The use of adjustable wrenches will not be allowed. The full effort required to achieve a snug tight condition will be applied as close to the end of the wrench as possible. Pull firmly by leaning back and using full body weight (brace feet to prevent slipping) on the end of the wrench until the nut stops rotating. This snug tightening will be accomplished in a minimum of two separate passes of tightening. The sequence of tightening in each pass will be such that the opposite side nut, to the extent possible, will be subsequently tightened until all the nuts in that pass have been snugged. Snug tightness of both the top and leveling nuts will be checked in the presence of Department personnel after the Contractor has completed nut snugging as described above, but prior to final tightening. Snug tightness of the nuts (top and leveling) will be checked by applying a torque in a range from 20% to 30% of the verification torque. See Table 1 for verification and snug tight torque values. 635 Page 454Table 1 Anchor Bolt/Rod Tightening Anchor Bolt/Rod Diameter (in)Anchor Bolt/Rod Stress Area (sq in)Yield Strength (ksi)Minimum Tensile Strength (ksi)Verification Torque (ft-lbs)30% Snug Tight Torque (ft-lbs)20% Snug Tight Torque (ft-lbs) 1.00 0.61 36.0 58.0 177 53 35 1.25 0.97 36.0 58.0 351 105 70 1.50 1.41 36.0 58.0 613 184 123 1.75 1.90 36.0 58.0 964 289 193 2.00 2.50 36.0 58.0 1449 435 290 2.25 3.25 36.0 58.0 2120 636 424 2.50 4.00 36.0 58.0 2899 870 580 2.75 4.93 36.0 58.0 3930 1179 786 3.00 5.97 36.0 58.0 5192 1558 1038 1.00 0.61 55.0 75.0 274 82 55 1.25 0.97 55.0 75.0 545 163 109 1.50 1.41 55.0 75.0 951 285 190 1.75 1.90 55.0 75.0 1496 449 299 2.00 2.50 55.0 75.0 2249 675 450 2.25 3.25 55.0 75.0 3289 987 658 2.50 4.00 55.0 75.0 4498 1349 900 2.75 4.93 55.0 75.0 6098 1830 1220 3.00 5.97 55.0 75.0 8056 2417 1611 1.00 0.61 75.0 100.0 366 110 73 1.25 0.97 75.0 100.0 726 218 145 1.50 1.41 75.0 100.0 1268 381 254 1.75 1.90 75.0 100.0 1994 598 399 2.00 2.50 75.0 100.0 2999 900 600 2.25 3.25 75.0 100.0 4386 1316 877 2.50 4.00 75.0 100.0 5998 1799 1200 2.75 4.93 75.0 100.0 8131 2439 1626 3.00 5.97 75.0 100.0 10742 3223 2148 1.00 0.61 105.0 125.0 457 137 91 1.25 0.97 105.0 125.0 908 272 182 1.50 1.41 105.0 125.0 1586 476 317 1.75 1.90 105.0 125.0 2493 748 499 2.00 2.50 105.0 125.0 3749 1125 750 2.25 3.25 105.0 125.0 5482 1645 1096 2.50 4.00 105.0 125.0 7497 2249 1499 2.75 4.93 105.0 125.0 10164 3049 2033 3.00 5.97 105.0 125.0 13427 4028 2685 c.At this point, the top nut and leveling nut must be in full bearing on the base plate. If any gap exists between either nut (top or leveling) and the base plate, a beveled washer will be added between the nut washer and the base plate to eliminate the gap. 635 Page 455The beveled washer will be stainless steel Type 304 or Type 316, the same diameter as the hardened washer, and beveled as required to eliminate the gap between the nut and the base plate. All nuts will be retightened according to steps (a) and (b) above if beveled washers are added. All costs required to remove and re-erect the structure to install beveled stainless steel washers will be at the Contractor's expense. d.Using a hydraulic wrench, rotate all top nuts as indicated in Table 2. The additional turn of the nuts will be accomplished by tightening all the nuts in two separate passes of equal incremental turns (i.e., for 1/3 turn use 1/6 turn each pass). The sequence of nut tightening in each pass will be such that the opposite side nut, to the extent possible, will be subsequently tightened until all the nuts in that pass have been turned. There will be no rotation of the leveling nut during top nut tightening. In lieu of a hydraulic wrench, torque wrenches and multipliers may be used to achieve the desired nut rotations and tightness. e.Tightness of the nuts will be checked in the presence of Department personnel. Tightness of the nuts will be checked within a minimum of 48 hours and a maximum of 96 hours after the nuts have been rotated as indicated in Section 635.3 E.3.d above. Tightness of the top nuts will be checked by applying the verification torque to the nut. See Table 1 for verification torque. Table 2 Nut Rotation for Turn-Of-Nut Pretensioning Nut Rotation from Snug-Tight Condition *1,2Anchor Bolt/Rod Diameter (inches)F1554 Grade 36, F1554 Grade 55 and 105, < 1½ 1/6 Turn 1/3 Turn ≥ 1½ 1/12 Turn 1/6 Turn *1 Nut rotation is relative to anchor bolt/rod. The tolerance is plus 20 degrees. *2 Applicable only to double-nut-movement joints. Bottom leveling nuts will be in contact with the base prior to applying the torque. An inability to achieve the verification torque indicates that the threads have stripped and the anchor bolt must be replaced. All costs for replacing anchor bolts/rods will be at the Contractor’s expense. f.Install jam nut after verification torque has been applied to top nut. Lubricate threads of jam nut with beeswax or equivalent and tighten to a torque of 100 foot pound (approximated without the use of a torque wrench). F.Electrical Power Cables: Cables will be installed using methods that will not damage or deform the jacket, insulation, or conductors. All cables within a single conduit will be installed at the same time. When powder or compound is required to ease pulling, the powder or compound will be used according to manufacturer’s recommendations and the use will not damage or deform the cable. 635 Page 456The Contractor may substitute a multiple conductor cable having more conductors than specified if conduit fill requirements are not exceeded, subject to approval by the Engineer. The Contractor may provide cables with conductor AWG size larger than specified where conduit fill requirements are not exceeded, subject to approval by the Engineer. When larger cables are substituted, the cables must extend from terminal to terminal for circuits used. Splicing to a conductor of a different size is not permitted. 1.Direct Burial Cable: Cables will be installed using the trenching or plowing method at a 24 inch depth. At locations where a conflict exists, the depth may be altered as approved by the Engineer. Splices or connections will not be allowed in the earth. Splices and connections will be made in hand holes, junction boxes, or pole bases. Backfill will be kept free of stones, boulders, and other materials, which might damage the cables. 2.Pole and Bracket Cable: A strain relief will be utilized to support the weight of the cable on the "J" Hook or other strain relief device in the pole. G.Traffic Signal Control Cables: Traffic signal conductors will be continuous from the controller cabinets to the pole bases. Splicing of conductors will not be allowed in the junction boxes. Traffic signal control cables will be identified in hand holes, junction boxes, pedestal bases, electrical service cabinets, and controller cabinets as indicated on the wiring diagram. Labels will be wrapped around the traffic signal cable to indicate the signal pole and signal head the cable is connected to. Labels will be self-adhesive vinyl cloth with a preprinted legend. Traffic signal control cables from the controller to the poles will be marked with a legend and will be color coded as follows: northwest (blue), northeast (red), southeast (green), and southwest (orange). Cables will be installed using methods that will not damage or deform the jacket, insulation, or conductors. All cables within a single conduit will be placed at the same time. When powder or compound is required to ease pulling, the powder or compound will be used according to manufacturer’s recommendations and the use will not damage or deform the cable. The Contractor may substitute a multiple conductor cable having more conductors than specified if conduit fill requirements are not exceeded, subject to approval by the Engineer. The Contractor will leave no more than 5 feet of excess cable in the cabinet. H.Electrical Service Cabinet: Electrical service cabinets will be installed in accordance with the plans and the manufacturer's recommendations. A lock and two keys will be provided to the maintaining authority. Breakers within the electrical service cabinet will be sized according to the plans. 635 Page 457I.Traffic Signal Poles: The following will apply to traffic signal poles: 1.Poles will be plumb after the bracket arms, signal heads, fittings, and fixtures have been installed and connections have been made. Nuts will be firmly tightened as per manufacturer’s recommendations. 2.Field repair of damaged galvanizing will be done in accordance with ASTM A780. 3.Mast arms will be installed perpendicular to the roadway and vertical clearance will be checked after all hardware and signing is installed. J.Roadway Luminaire Poles: The following will apply to roadway luminaire poles: 1.Poles will be plumb when the installation is complete. Nuts will be firmly tightened as per manufacturer’s recommendations. 2.The luminaire arm will be set perpendicular to the project centerline. 3.Field repair of damaged galvanizing will be done in accordance with ASTM A780. K.Luminaires: Luminaires will be adjusted on the support so the luminaire sits level as indicated by a small bubble level. Bolts will be firmly tightened. L.Light Towers: The following will apply to light tower poles: 1.Poles will be plumb when the installation is complete. 2.Field repair of damaged galvanizing will be done in accordance with ASTM A780. M.Photoelectric Control Units: The photoelectric cell will normally be positioned so the light sensor is to the north. If light sources other than sunlight interfere with normal operation of the control, the photoelectric cell will be adjusted in an attempt to obtain proper operation. N.Controller Cabinet: 1.The controller cabinet will be installed according to the directions supplied by the manufacturer. 2.Wiring and connections in the controller cabinet will be neat, firm, and in accordance with industry standards and Section 985.1 N. 3.Three sets of wiring diagrams and three maintenance and operation manuals will be supplied for each controller that is required. The Contractor will place one set in a weather resistant container in the controller cabinet, give one set to the maintaining authority, and give one set to the Region Traffic Engineer. 4.A weather resistant diagram showing phase movements, detector locations, and labels will be affixed to the inside of the signal cabinet door. If color coding is used to identify control cables, a legend key will be included with the above schematic. 635 Page 4585.Controller cabinets equipped with a thermostat will be set to 110°F. 6.The controller cabinets will be pad mounted. O.Traffic Signal Controller: The installation of the controller and location in the cabinet will be accordance with directions supplied by the manufacturer. P.Detector Unit: Induction loop vehicle detectors will be installed in accordance with the directions supplied by the manufacturer. Q.Detector Loops: 1.Clearance between Loops and Metallic Objects: The Contractor will provide sufficient clearance between detector loops and metallic objects such as manhole covers, drop inlets, etc., to avoid interference with the operation of the loop. 2.Sawed-in Loops: a.Lead-in saw cuts will clear each other by 1 foot. b.Backer rod material will be cut into 1 inch by 2 inch lengths and spaced not farther apart than 2 feet. c.Saw slots in the pavement will be blown out with compressed air and will be clean and free of loose grit and moisture when wires are placed and sealer is applied. d.The loop wires will be pushed into the sawed slots with a blunt wood stick (not with a screwdriver). The wires will be laid in the slots so there are no kinks or curls and without straining or stretching the insulation. e.The flexible embedding sealer will completely surround the 1/4 inch tube, displace all the air within the sawed slot, and fill the area of the sawed slot except for that area which is taken up by the backer rod and the wires. 3.Preformed Loops: Each set of loop wires will be tagged to identify loop. If installation of the loop is for future use, the loop wires in the same lane will be taped together. If installation is on a signal project, tagging will be done and wires connected in series. In new roadways, the preformed loops and lead-in conduits will be placed in the base course or gravel cushion, with the top of the conduit flush with the top of the base, and then covered with hot mix asphalt or Portland cement concrete pavement. Preformed loops and lead-in conduits will be protected from damage prior to and during pavement placement. In new reinforced concrete structure decks, the preformed loops will be secured to the top of the uppermost layer of reinforcing steel using nylon wire ties. The loop will be held parallel to the structure deck by using PVC or polypropylene spacers where necessary. Conduit for lead-in conductors will be placed below the upper mat of reinforcing steel. 635 Page 459In existing pavement, the preformed loops will be placed in a saw slot, 1¼ inches minimum width, cut into the existing pavement. The top of the conduit will be 2 inches, minimum, below the top of existing surface . Sawed slots will be filled with an approved loop sealant. On asphalt or concrete resurfacing projects, the preformed loops will be placed in a saw slot, 1¼ inches minimum width, cut into the existing pavement. The top of the conduit will be 2 inches, minimum, below the top of existing surface after any required surface removal is completed and prior to the placing of the new surface. Sawed slots will be filled with an approved loop sealant. 4.Lead-ins: Lead-ins will be twisted at least one turn per foot. Splices will not be made in the loop or lead-in conductors except in the junction box. 5.Connections in the Controller: Terminal board screws will be turned down tightly on the lug. 6.Loop Testing: After installation, each loop will be tested by the Contractor. Necessary equipment will be furnished by the Contractor and test results recorded and furnished to the Engineer. Each detector loop will conform to the following: Continuity: 5 ohms maximum Resistance, loop to ground: 10 megohms minimum Inductance: 100-500 microhenries R.Signal Heads: 1.Signal heads are to be rigidly attached to signal poles and will appear vertical from the street approach they control. 2.Signals heads which are mounted in place but are not in operation will be hooded or positioned so the lenses are not visible to any approach. 3.All mounting hardware will be bare aluminum. 4.Signals will be aimed, and trees will be trimmed such that all the signals for each approach will be continuously visible for the minimum distance listed in the MUTCD. S.Pedestrian Push Button: Placement and mounting height will be in conformance with the MUTCD. T.Flashing Beacons: Flashing beacons will be mounted in conformance with the MUTCD, and installed in accordance with the directions supplied by the manufacturer.
635.4METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
A.Electrical Grounding and Bonding: No field measurement will be made. B.Conduit: The plan shown quantity, of each type and size specified, will be the measured quantity unless changes are ordered by the Engineer. 635 Page 460C.Junction Boxes: Measurement will be by actual count of the various types and sizes of junction boxes furnished and installed. D.Concrete Footings: Concrete footings of the various diameters will be measured to the nearest 0.1 foot. E.Anchor Bolts/Rods: No field measurement will be made. F.Electrical Power Cable: The plan shown quantity, of each type, number of conductors, and size specified, will be the measured quantity unless changes are ordered by the Engineer. G.Traffic Signal Control Cable: The plan shown quantity, of each type, number of conductors, and size specified, will be the measured quantity unless changes are ordered by the Engineer. H.Electrical Service Cabinets: Measurement will be by actual count of cabinets furnished and installed. I.Traffic Signal Poles: Measurement will be by actual count of the various types and sizes furnished and installed. J.Roadway Luminaire Poles: Measurement will be by actual count of the various types and sizes furnished and installed. K.Luminaires: Measurement will be by actual count of the various types and sizes of luminaires furnished and installed. L.Light Tower: Measurement will be by actual count of the various types and sizes furnished and installed. M.Photoelectric Control Units: No field measurement will be made. N.Controller Cabinet: No field measurement will be made. O.Traffic Signal Controller: Measurement will be by actual count of controllers furnished and installed. P.Detector Units: No field measurement will be made. Q.Detector Loops: Measurement will be actual count of the various types of detector loops installed. R.Signal Heads: Measurement will be by actual count of the various types and sizes of signal heads furnished and installed. S.Pedestrian Push Button: Measurement will be by the actual count of pedestrian push buttons furnished and installed. 635 Page 461T.Flashing Beacons: Measurement will be by the actual count of the various types of flashing beacons furnished and installed.
635.5BASIS OF PAYMENT
A.Electrical Grounding and Bonding: The cost of furnishing and installing conduits for grounding will be incidental to the cost of footing, electrical service cabinet, or controller cabinet to be grounded. B.Conduit: Conduit of each type and size specified will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot. Payment will be full compensation for required materials, labor, equipment, and incidentals. C.Junction Boxes: Payment for this item will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for required materials, labor, equipment, and incidentals. D.Concrete Footings: Payment for concrete footings of the various diameters will be at their respective contract unit prices per foot. Payment will be full compensation for materials and labor necessary to satisfactorily install the footings. E.Anchor Bolts/Rods: Cost for anchor bolts/rods will be included in the contract unit price for the concrete for which they are incorporated with. F.Electrical Power Cable: Electrical power cable, of each type, number of conductors, and size specified, will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot. Payment will be full compensation for required materials, labor, equipment, and incidentals. G.Traffic Signal Control Cable: Traffic signal control cable, of each type, number of conductors, and size specified, will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot. Payment will be full compensation for required materials, labor, equipment, and incidentals. H.Electrical Service Cabinet: Payment for this item will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing electrical service cabinets, including circuit breakers, fuses, contactor, photoelectric control, manual on/off switch, mounting pole, pad, and other materials and fixtures required. Payment will also include any fees associated with hookup. I.Traffic Signal Poles: Payment for traffic signal poles of the various types will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for required materials, labor, equipment, and incidentals. J.Roadway Luminaire Poles: Payment for roadway luminaire poles will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing roadway luminaire poles. K.Luminaires: Payment for luminaires of the various types and sizes will be at their respective contract unit prices per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing luminaires. 635 Page 462L.Light Towers: Payment for light towers will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing light towers with lowering devices. M.Photoelectric Control Units: Cost of photoelectric controls will be included in the contract unit price for other related contract items. N.Controller Cabinet: The cost of controller cabinets is to be included in the contract unit price for traffic signal controllers. O.Traffic Signal Controller: Payment for this item will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing the controller cabinet and all required items included in the cabinet. P.Detector Unit: The cost of detector units is to be included in the contract unit price for traffic signal controllers. Q.Detector Loop: Payment for this item will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing detector loops. R.Signal Heads: Payment for this item for the various types and sizes will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing signal heads, including mounting hardware, required bracketing, and backplates. S.Pedestrian Push Buttons: Payment for this item will be at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and installing the pedestrian push buttons. T.Flashing Beacons: Payment for this item will be at the contract unit price per each for the various types of flashing beacons. Payment will be full compensation for required materials, labor, equipment, and incidentals. 650 Page 463650 CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER
650.1DESCRIPTION
This work consists of constructing concrete curb and gutter.
650.2MATERIALS
Materials will conform to the following sections. A.Concrete: Class M6, Section 462. B.Preformed Expansion Joint Filler: Section 860. C.Curing Compound: Section 821. D.Reinforcing Steel: Section 1010 .
650.3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
The foundation will be excavated, shaped, and compacted to a firm, uniform bearing surface. Unsuitable foundation material will be removed and replaced as directed. The foundation will be thoroughly moistened immediately prior to placing concrete. Moisture will be applied without forming pools of water. Granular material will be furnished, placed, and compacted to the required depth. The forms will be full depth, rigid, unyielding, and mortar tight. The forms will be securely staked, braced, and tied to the required line and grade. In lieu of construction using fixed side forms, concrete may be placed and formed to the required shape by using an approved extrusion machine. When machine placement is used, the Engineer may permit modification of consistency requirements. The exposed surfaces of the curb and gutter will be finished smooth and even. Edges of gutter and the top face edges of the curb will be finished with an approved finishing tool. The top surface of the curb and gutter will be brushed or broomed to slightly roughen the surface and remove the finishing tool marks. All honeycombed surfaces will be corrected to the satisfaction of the Engineer by using a grout composed of one part cement and two parts sand. Severely honeycombed areas will be removed and replaced at the Contractor's expense. Joints will be constructed at the locations and of the dimensions shown on the plans or as directed. When PCC pavement is adjacent to the curb and gutter, the joints will match the contraction joints of the pavement.