612STONE MASONRY

612.01 Descripti on ................................ ................................ ................... 605

612.02 Materials ................................ ................................ ...................... 605

612.03 Classification ................................ ................................ ............... 605

612.04 Reserved ................................ ................................ ....................... 606

612.05 Prelimin ary Work ................................ ................................ ......... 606

612.06 Structure Excavation, Foundation Preparation, and Backfill ....... 606

612.07 Preparing Stone ................................ ................................ ............ 606

612.08 Laying Stone ................................ ................................ ................ 607

612.09 Poin ting ................................ ................................ ........................ 609

612.10 Arch Rings ................................ ................................ ................... 610

612.11 Copings, Top Walls, Bridge Seats, and Back Walls .................... 611

612.12 Finishing and Final Cleanup ................................ ........................ 611

612.13 Method of Measurement ................................ .............................. 612

612.14 Basis of Payment ................................ ................................ .......... 612

DESCRIPTION

612.01 Description

This work consists of constructing stone masonry structures and stone masonry portions of concrete, steel, timber, and composite structures, at the locations shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. MATERIALS

612.02 Materials

Provide materials as specified in: Masonry Mortar ................................ ................................ ..... 912.03 Masonry Stone ................................ ................................ ....... 921.07

612.03 Classification

Stone Masonry will be classified under the following designations: 612.04 606 1. Uniform-Course Stone Masonry shall consist of masonry constructed with roughly squared stones laid in uniform courses, and in which all courses have approximately the same thickness.

612.04 Reserved

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

612.05 Preliminary Work

Before beginning work on stone masonry, perform all necessary Clearing and Grubbing, Removal of Structures and Obstructions, Excavation and Undercutting, and Embankment Construction as specified in 201, 202, 203, and 205, respectively.

612.06 Structure Excavation, Foundation Preparation, and Backfill

Perform Structure Excavation, Foundation Preparation, and Backfill as specified in 204. The foundation for this type of construction shall present a uniform bearing surface. If a reinforced foundation is necessary, construct it of Class A concrete as specified in 604 or as directed by the Engineer.

612.07 Preparing Stone

Complete all shaping and dressing of stone before the stone is pl aced. For angles, ends of walls, copings, and similar features, use selected stone that is squared and pitched to line. The exposed faces of stones shall not show tool marks. 612.08 607 Uniform-coursed masonry stone shall be of the thickness shown on the Plans. In any one course of nonuniform -coursed masonry, use stone of the same thickness, with a minimum thickness of 5 inches. In uncoursed masonry, not more than 10% of the stone shall be of the same thickness, with a minimum thickness of 5 inches. Stone for unif orm-coursed masonry, nonuniform -coursed masonry, and uncoursed masonry shall have a width not less than 1 -1/2 times the thickness with a minimum of 12 inches, and a length not less than 1 -1/2 times the width, unless otherwise shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer. Headers shall have a width not less than the thickness, with a minimum of 12 inches, and a length sufficient to extend entirely through walls of 2 feet or less in thickness, and at least 1 foot into the core of the wall for walls more th an 2 feet thick. Dress the beds and sides of all stone so that adjacent stones will not touch and so that the face joint will not exceed 1 -1/2 inches. The face protrusions shall not exceed 2 inches. Rustic masonry stone shall consist of stone broken to v arious shapes and sizes and roughly squared back from the face not less than 3 inches. At least 80% of the stone shall have a minimum face dimension (rise) of not less than 6 inches. The other face dimension at right angles to the rise shall not exceed 2 times the rise, or 2 feet, whichever is smaller. The third dimension shall be at least 1-1/2 times the rise with a minimum of 12 inches. Not more than 10% of the stones shall be of the same face dimensions. Headers shall be of such length as to extend entirely through walls of 2 feet or less in thickness, and at least 1 foot into the core of walls more than 2 feet in thickness. Dress the beds and sides of all stones so that the adjacent stones will not touch and so the face joints will not exceed 1 -1/2 inches. The face protrusions shall not exceed 2 inches.

612.08 Laying Stone

When shown on the Plans, build, at a site designated by the Engineer, an L-shaped sample section of wall not less than 5 feet high and 8 feet lo ng, showing an example of face wall, end wall, top wall, method of turning corners, and method of forming joints. Do not lay any masonry, other than the foundation bed, before obtaining the Engineer’s approval of the sample walls. Do not construct stone m asonry in freezing weather, or when the stone contains frost. 612.08 608 Construct the bottom of the foundation course of large, selected stones that are laid on bearing beds parallel to the natural bed of the material. Use larger stones in the bottom courses, and th en gradually decrease stone size from the bottom to the top of the wall; however, uniformly distribute stones of various sizes throughout the wall. Prevent small stones or stones of the same size from meeting or bunching. Use selected large stones, roughl y pitched to lines, at all corners and ends of walls. Uniformly distribute unweathered stones and stones of the same color throughout the exposed faces of the wall to avoid the appearance of patches. Thoroughly clean each stone and moisten with water befo re setting. Clean and moisten the bed that is to receive the stone before spreading the mortar. Embed stones in freshly made mortar. The joints shall be full and the stones carefully settled in place before the mortar is set. Stones shall not contact adjacent stones but shall be suspended in the mortar. Do not set the four corners of adjacent stones to be contiguous unless otherwise indicated or directed. Build the backing chiefly of large stones laid in full mortar beds, well bonded with each other and interlocked and bonded with the face stones. Completely fill all spaces and interstices with mortar, or with spalls surrounded completely with mortar. Do not jar or displace stones already set. Do not roll or turn stones on the wall. If a stone is moved or the joint broken after setting, remove the stone, clean off the mortar from the stone bed and joints, and reset the stones in fresh mortar. Headers shall hold in the heart of the wall, the same size shown in the face, and shall extend not less than 12 inches into the core or backing, unless otherwise indicated. Uniformly distribute headers throughout the walls of structures to occupy at least 1/5 of the wall faces. In walls 2 feet or less in thickness, extend headers entirely through the walls. Except in rustic masonry, spalls will not be permitted in the beds or face joints. The bed joints and beds shall have an average thickness of not more than 1 inch. Horizontal face joints shall be not less than ½ inch nor more than 612.09 609 1 inch and shall be approxima tely uniform in thickness. Vertical face joints shall be not less than ½ inch nor more than 1 -1/2 inches in thickness. Lay uniform -course and non -uniform-course masonry to line and grade, and in courses that are roughly leveled up. Break vertical joints in coursed masonry with those in adjoining courses at approximately the middle of the stones. Lay uncoursed stone masonry to line and with the bed of the stone approximately parallel and level. Do not extend horizontal face joints through more than four stones, and vertical face joints through more than two stones. Break all joints approximately at the middle of the adjacent stones. Construct rustic stone masonry so that the stone of the various face sizes will be well and uniformly distributed thr oughout the face of the wall. Prevent small stones or stones of the same size from meeting or bunching. Spalls may be used but shall not be segregated. Construct the joints along the face to be not less than ½ inch nor more than 1 -1/2 inches in thicknes s, to have an approximately uniform width, and to not extend in a straight line through more than two stones. Form face joints to run in all directions and at various angles with each other. In general, bed surfaces shall be practically perpendicular to the face of the wall for not less than 3 inches, from which point they may be irregular and fall off not to exceed 3 inches in 12 inches, and shall be free from depressions or projections that will impair the strength of the masonry or hinder the securing of full bearing on the mortar. Construct weep holes of such shape and size as indicated or directed. Unless otherwise shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer, space weep holes not over 10 feet center to center and locate them at the lowest point wh ere free outlet may be obtained. Protect the inlet end of weep holes by placing a wire basket of 1 foot by 1 foot by 1 foot, filled with coarse aggregate, size 7, 8, 57 or 68 immediately over or behind the holes as directed. Take care at all times to keep the surface free from mortar stains. Immediately after laying and while the mortar is fresh, clean face stones of all mortar stains and keep in a clean condition. Finish the top edge or course to a true line with a uniform surface on top of the wall.

612.09 Pointing

Properly point face joints before the mortar in the joints sets. 612.10 610 Where raked joints are required, squarely rake all mortar in exposed face joints to a depth of approximately 2 inches before the mortar has set. Use clean water to thoroughly wet joints that are not pointed at the time the stone is laid, and fill with mortar. Ensure that the mortar is well driven into the joints, and then finish with an approved p ointing tool. Where weather joints are required, the bed shall be weather struck. Slightly rake the joints to conform to the bed weather joints. Do not leave the mortar flush with the stone faces. If required by the Engineer, wet the joints and point with mortar. Rake out joints on top surfaces to a depth of approximately 1 inch at the edges and crown the mortar to drain. Keep the walls upon which pointing is being performed moist for a period of at least 72 hours after completion. In hot, dry weather, protect the pointed masonry from the sun during this period. Do not smear the face surfaces of stone with the mortar forced out of the joints or mortar used in pointing. After the pointing is completed and the mortar has set, thoroughly clean the stone and leave it in a neat and workmanlike condition.

612.10 Arch Rings

Lay out a full -size template of the arch ring near the quarry site, showing face dimensions of each ring stone and thickness of joints. Obtain the Engineer’s approval of the template before starting the shaping of any ring stone. Place no ring stone in the structure until all ring stones have been shaped, dressed, and approved. Construct arch centering in accordance with const ruction drawings submitted by the Contractor in accordance with 105.02. Provide suitable wedges for adjusting the elevation of the forms and for taking up any settlement occurring during loading. Lower the centering gradually and symmetrically to avoid overstresses in the arch. When directed by the Engineer, support centering with approved jacks to take up and correct any slight settlement that may occur after masonry placement begins. In general, strike centering and make the arch self-supporting before placing railing or coping. 612.11 611 Construct, in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer, any additional falsework or bracing needed to hold the stones in position. Furnish arch ring stones of the size shown on the Plans and dress them t o form radial joints not more than 1 -inch in width. On the face and soffit, the joints shall be cut hard for a distance of at least 3 inches, from which point, they may fall off not to exceed 1 inch in 1 foot. Completely fill the joints with mortar, and grout if necessary. Point or finish the joints while the mortar is fresh. Place an anchor composed of ½-inch steel bar bent into an elongated letter S in each voussoir joint extending at least 1 foot into the backing and to within 3 inches of the face of the stone.

612.11 Copings, Top Walls , Bridge Seats , and Back Walls

Construct copings, tops of walls, bridge seats, back walls, and similar features to the lines, grades, and cross -sections, and of the material, shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. For copings, tops of wall, bridge seats, back walls, and similar features to be constructed of concrete, use Class A concrete conforming to the applicable requirements of 604, unless otherwise shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer. Construct concrete copings in sections from 5 to 10 feet long and of the width and thickness shown on the Plans. Construct stone copings of carefully selected stones of the length, width, and thickness shown on the Plans. Construct copings to have a uniform surface and to be pitched to line along the top and bottom edge.

612.12 Finishing and Final Cleanup

Clean exposed surfaces of stone masonry of all mortar, scars, and blemishes to provide a surface having a natural color of stones. Use wire brushes and acid that will not mar or damage the stone or mortar when required. Perform final cleanup as specified in 104.10. 612.13 612 COMPENSATION

612.13 Method of Measurement

The Department will meas ure stone masonry, complete in place, by the cubic yard. The volume will include the cubic yards placed within the lines shown on the Plans and typical cross -sections, or as directed by the Engineer. The different classifications of mortar stone masonry will be measured separately. Arch rings will be included in the measurements of the classifications of masonry in connection with which they are constructed, unless otherwise indicated. The Department will measure c oncrete used in reinforcing foundations and in copings, tops of walls, bridge seats, and back walls in accordance with 604.30. The Department will include copings, tops of walls, bridge seats, and back walls constructed of stone in the measurements of the classificatio n of masonry in connection with which they are constructed. Unless otherwise shown on the Plans, the Department will not measure structure excavation, and will consider this work incidental to other items of construction. When the Plans provide for direct payment for Structure Excavation, the Department will measure and pay for this work in accordance with 204.

612.14 Basis of Payment

The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices as follows: Item Pay Unit Uniform-Course Stone Masonry Cubic Yard Non-uniform Course Stone Masonry Cubic Yard Uncoursed Stone Masonry Cubic Yard Rustic Stone Masonry Square Yard 613.01 613 SECTION 613 – BRICK MASONRY

613.01 Description ................................ ................................ ................... 613

613.02 Materials ................................ ................................ ...................... 613

613.03 Reserv ed ................................ ................................ ....................... 614

613.04 Preliminary Work ................................ ................................ ......... 614

613.05 Structure Excavation, Foundation Preparation, and Backfill ....... 614

613.06 Mortar ................................ ................................ .......................... 614

613.07 Laying Brick ................................ ................................ ................ 614

613.08 Copings, Tops of Walls, Bridge Seats, and Back Walls .............. 615

613.09 Finishing and Final Cleanup ................................ ........................ 616

613.10 Method of Measurement ................................ .............................. 616

613.11 Basis of Payment ................................ ................................ .......... 617

DESCRIPTION

613.01 Description

This work consists of constructing brick masonry s tructures, and the brick masonry portions of concrete, steel, timber, and composite structures, at the locations shown on the Plans. MATERIALS

613.02 Materials

Provide materials as specified in: Building Brick (Kind and Grade as Specified ) ...................... 912.01 Sewer Brick ................................ ................................ ........... 912.02 Masonry Mortar ................................ ................................ ..... 912.03 Brick Paving Units ................................ ................................ . 912.05