921.01 1015 SECTION 921 – MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
921.01 Water ................................ ................................ .......................... 1015
921.02 Calcium Chloride ................................ ................................ ....... 1016
921.03 Reserved ................................ ................................ ..................... 1017
921.04 Lime ................................ ................................ ........................... 1017
921.05 Select Material for Soil -Cement Base ................................ ........ 1017
921.06 Chemical Admixtures and Additives ................................ ......... 1017
921.07 Masonry Stone ................................ ................................ ........... 1019
921.08 Waterstops ................................ ................................ ................. 1019
921.09 Grout ................................ ................................ .......................... 1022
921.10 Precast Manholes and Catch Basins ................................ ........... 1022
921.11 Manhole Steps ................................ ................................ ............ 1022
921.12 Geotextile and Geosynthetic Material ................................ ........ 1022
921.13 Precast Prestressed Bridge Deck Panels ................................ ..... 1023
921.14 Applied Textured Finish Material ................................ .............. 1024
921.15 Fly Ash ................................ ................................ ....................... 1025
921.16 Slag Cement ................................ ................................ ............... 1026
921.01 Water
For mixing concrete, use water that is reasonably clean and free of oil, salt, acid, alkali, sugar, vegetable matter, and other substances injurious to the finished product. Water provided by a municipal utility may be used without testing. All other wate r shall have quality results submitted in accordance with the frequency listed in Table 921.01 -01. All water quality results shall adhere to Table 921.01 -2. 921.02 1016 Table 921.01 -1 Testing Frequency for Mixing Water Water Source Testing Frequency(1) Municipal NA Non-Municipal Every 3 months; tested annually after 4 consecutive passing tests
1.The frequency may vary at the discretion of the Department. Table 921.01 -2 Quality Requirements for Mixing Water Maximum Concentration in Mixing Water Limits ASTM Test Method (1) Chloride Ion Content, ppm 500 C114 Alkalies as (NaO2 + 0.658 K2O), ppm 600 C114 Sulfates as SO4, ppm 3000 C114 Total Solids by mass, ppm 50000 C1603 pH 4.5-8.5 (2)
1.Other methods (EPA or those used by water testing companies) are generally acceptable.
2.No ASTM method available.
921.02 Calcium Chloride
A.Solid Form Provide solid forms of calcium chloride conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M 144, for the type specified, except that the Department will waive requirements for total alkali chlorides and impurities when calcium chloride is to be used in mineral aggregate base or surface courses.
B.Liquid Form Provide liquid forms of calcium chloride consisting of a c lear liquid free from suspended matter and that meets the requirements specified in Table 921.02 -1. 921.03 1017 Table 921.02 -1: Calcium Chloride Liquor Component Concentration of Calcium Chloride Liquor 32% 38% Total Calcium Chloride by Weight, min. 32 38 Total Magnesium Chloride by Weight, max. 0.5 0.5 Do not use a calcium chloride solution of less than 32%. Include with each shipment of calcium chloride liquor a certification from the manufacturer that states the concentration and net weight, and guarantees the percentage of calcium chloride.
921.03 Reserved
921.04 Lime
Provide lime conforming to the requirements of ASTM C977, for the type specified.
921.05 Select Material for Soil -Cement Base
Provide select material for soil -cement base of such general ch aracter as to be classified as Group A -1 or A-2, in accordance with AASHTO M 145, and of such size that all will pass the standard 1 -1/2 inch sieve.
921.06 Chemical Admixtures and Additives
A.Admixtures
1.Portland Cement Concrete Admixtures. Provide admixtures that are listed on the Department’s QPL and conform to AASHTO M 194 for the following seven types of admixtures: Type A - Water reducing admixtures Type B - Retarding admixtures Type C - Accelerating admixtures Type D - Water-reducing and retarding admixtures 921.06 1018 Type E - Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures Type F - Water-reducing, high range admixtures Type G - Water-reducing, high range admixtures and retarding admixtures Type S - Specific performance admixtures
2.Air-Entraining Admixtures . Use air-entraining admixtures that are listed on the Department’s QPL and conform to AASHTO M 154, except that the tests for bleeding, bond strength, and volume change will not be required.
B.Bituminous Additives
1.Anti-Stripping Additive . Use hydrated lime conforming to AASHTO M 303 or other heat -stable asphalt anti -stripping additive containing no ingredient harmful to the bituminous material or the workmen and that does not appreciably alter the specified characteris tics of the bituminous material when added in the recommended proportions. When hydrated lime is the anti -stripping additive, use an amount equal to 1% by weight of the aggregate. Uniformly coat the aggregate with the lime, to the Engineer’s satisfaction, before adding the bituminous material to the mixture. When using an anti -stripping additive other than hydrated lime, use a dosage rate of 0.3%, unless either gravel is used as a coarse aggregate or test results indicate moisture susceptibility, in which case mix at a dosage rate of 0.5%. The Department’s QPL identifies qualified antistripping additives. Do not use any product unless it appears on this list.
2.Silicone A dditives. The amount of silicone added to asphalt c ement shall not exceed 2 oz. of silicone per 5500 gallons asphalt cement.
3.Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) A dditives. The Contractor may add qualified WMA additives to bituminous plant mix to reduce placement temperatures as specified in 407.11. Introduce the WMA additives into the mixture at a constant rate , sufficient to produce the mix temperatures specified in 407.11, and in a manner approved by the Department. Record all changes to the proportions of the additive used during the course of mix production. The 921.07 1019 Department ’s QPL identifies qualified WMA additives. Only use additives appearing on this list.
921.07 Masonry Stone
Provide sound, dense, and durable masonry stone, free from excessive cracks, pyrite intrusions, and other structural defects. Ensure that stones that will be used with mortar are free from dirt, oil, or other material that might prevent good adhesion with the mortar. Masonry stone shall meet the quality requirements in 903.25.
921.08 Waterstops
Provide waterstops of the type, shape, and dimensions shown on the Plans.
A.Metallic Provide metallic waterstops of sheet copper conforming to the requirements of 908.13.
B.Nonmetallic Provide nonmetallic waterstops, manufactured from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), that are dense, homogeneous, and free from holes and other imperfections. The cross - section of the waterstop shall be uniform along its length and transversely sy mmetrical so that the thickness at any given distance from either edge of the waterstop will be uniform. Fabricate rubber waterstops from a high -grade thread -type compound, consisting of not less than 70% by volume of the basic polymer, with the remainder composed of reinforcing carbon black, zinc oxide, accelerators, anti -oxidants, vulcanizing agents, and plasticizers. The compound shall contain no factice. As the basic polymer, use natural rubber or a co -polymer of butadiene and styrene, or a blend of b oth. Samples taken from the finished waterstop shall meet the requirements specified in Table 921.08 -1. 921.08 1020 Table 921.08 -1: Requirements for Nonmetallic Waterstops Property ASTM Test Method Value Tensile Strength (Die "C") D412 2,500 psi, min Ultimate Elongation (Die "C") D412 450%, min Shore Durometer Hardness D2240 60-70 Specific Gravity D297 (Section 17) 1.15 ± 0.03 Water Absorption (% by weight) D570 5%, max Tensile strength after accelerated aging, oxygen -pressure method D572 80%, min
C.Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Waterstop Provide waterstops extruded from an elastomeric plastic compound, the basic resin of which shall be PVC. The compound shall contain additional resins, plasticizers, stabilizers, or other materials needed to ensure that when the material is compounded it will meet the performance requirements specified in Table 921.08 -2. Do not use any reclaimed PVC. 921.08 1021 Table 921.08 -2: Requirements for PVC Waterstops Property Test Method Value Tensile Strength (Die "C") Sheet Material ASTM D412 2,000 psi, min Finished Waterstop ASTM D412 1,700 psi, min Ultimate Elongation (Die "C") Sheet Material ASTM D412 350%, min Finished Waterstop ASTM D412 300%, min Stiffness in Flexure ASTM D747 750 psi, min Accelerated Extraction CRD-C 572 Tensile Strength (Die "C") ASTM D412 1,750 psi Elongation (Die "C") ASTM D412 300% Effect of Alkali (after 7 days) CRD-C 572 Change in Weight -0.1 to + 0.25% Change in Hardness, Shore Durometer ± 5% Low Temperature Brittleness ASTM D746 -35 °F Specific Gravity ASTM D792 1.3 For PVC waterstops, the supplier shall submit a certificate stating that all the performance requirements specified above for the sheet material have been complied with. In addition, the supplier shall submit an affidavit to the effect that the sheet sample is of the same material in all respects as that to be used in the manufacture of the finished waterstop. The supplier shall also specify the value of the specific gravity of the finished waterstop material to within plus or minus 0.02. Manufacture waterstops with an integral cross -section, uniform within plus or minus 1/8 inch in width, and with the web thickness or bulb diameter within plus 1/16 inch and minus 1/32 inch. Furnish the De partment a certified test report from an approved laboratory covering each lot or unit of finished waterstops and containing the numerical laboratory test data of all required tests. 921.09 1022 921.09 Grout Mix grout in small quantities as needed, and d o not retemper or use grout after it has begun to set. Unless otherwise specified or directed, provide grout consisting of one part Portland cement and two parts sand by volume, mixed with sufficient water to form a grout of proper consistency. Use Portl and cement conforming to the requirements of 901.01, and sand conforming to the requirements of 903.02. Use water that has been approved by the Engineer. When non -shrinking or non -shrinking fast -setting grout is specified, either formulate it by incorpora ting an admixture, or use a pre -mixed grout. Obtain the Engineer’s approval of the formulation and the admixture or the premixed grout. Mix and use the grout in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. These special grouts will be classified as follows: Type I - Non-shrinking Grout Type II - Non-shrinking, Fast -setting Grout
921.10 Precast Manholes and Catch Basins
Provide precast manholes and catch basins that conform to ASTM C478 and that are made in accordance with the Departmental procedures.
921.11 Manhole Steps
For use in manholes or catch basins, provide steps meeting ASTM C478,
Article 11 — 2.1, or that are of the design shown on the Plans.
Provide cast iron steps conforming to 908.07. Provide aluminum steps fabricated from aluminum Alloy 6061, T6, with a minimum tensile strength of 38,000 pounds per square inch, a minimum yield strength of 35,000 pounds per square inch, and an elongation in 2 inches of not less than 10%. Alternate manhole steps are listed on the Department’s QPL.
921.12 Geotextile and Geosynthetic Material
Provide g eotextiles and geosynthetic s listed on the Department ’s QPL and that meet the material requirements shown on the Standard Drawing . 921.13 1023 Furnish, with each shipment of materials , a certified laboratory test report from an approved testing laboratory and a certified letter stating the product provided is the same as on the Department’s QPL. Laboratory test reports shall include the actual numerical test data obtained. Clearly lab el all rolls as being part of the same production run from which the test dat a was derived. Protect geosynthetics to prevent damage during transportation, storage, and installation. Store geotextile and geosynthetic rolls elevated up off of the ground and covered to protect against UV degradation. Do not install material that is torn, punctured, or otherwise damaged.
921.13 Precast Prestressed Bridge Deck Panels
Construct and inspect the precast prestressed deck panels in accordance with the Plans, ap proved shop drawings, and the Standard Specifications. Fabricate the panels in a plant certified by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) category B -3. Cast panels on beds that are clean, straight, level, and in good repair. Bulkheads and head ers are to be of the size and configuration to adequately hold cables in place during casting operations. Keep forms, headers, cables, reinforcing bars or other steel that comes in contact with freshly placed concrete below 90 F during casting operations . Cover and cure freshly cast panels as specified in 615.11. Provide projecting bars or other hardware for lifting and handling panels at the locations and in accordance with the details shown on the approved Shop Drawings. Protect projecting bars agains t impact and ensure that they are not bent in the shop, during handling and transporting, or in the field. Protect panels from damage during lifting, storing, and transporting. Repair small damaged or isolated honeycombed areas that are purely surface in nature and not over 1 inch in depth at the fabrication plant with an approved epoxy grout. Replace panels with more extensive damage or honeycomb. Inspect the panels at the point of delivery to the jobsite for identification, dimensional tolerances, crack s, and structural damage. Replace panels exhibiting excessive cracking or other structural damage. Replace panels having any of the following defects:
1.Any crack that comes within 1 inch of a strand. 921.14 1024 2. Corner cracks or breaks that involve one strand.
3.Isolated damage or honeycomb larger than approximately 6 inches in diameter or length and 1 inch in depth that involves one strand. In evaluating for the above defects, consider a crack as a fissure of any length that extends from the surface of the pane l to the mid -depth of the panel or to a strand, in accordance with any of the following conditions :
1.The crack is visible at the ends or edges of the panel.
2.The strand is visible within the crack.
3.The crack can be probed to mid -depth or to the stra nd.
4.The crack is visible on the top and bottom surface of the panel at approximately the same relative location. Any new crack that appears in a panel after the deck is poured will be considered to extend to the mid -depth of the panel or to a strand. R eplace, or repair to the Engineer’s satisfaction, panels exhibiting new cracks after the slab is poured. Defects not covered by the above will be subject to review by the Engineer.
921.14 Applied Textured Finish Material
The material for applied textured finish shall meet the requirements of Federal Specifications TT -C-00555, Type II, except as modified below:
A.Freeze-Thaw Test
1.Cast and cure three concrete specimens, not less than 4 x 6 x 6 inches, of a mix designed for structures. Moist cure for 14 days with a drying period in room air at 60 to 80 F for 24 hours before coating with spray finish. Take caution to ensure that no excessive oil forms on specimen. Coat sides of specimens (brush permitted) and cure at room temperature for 48 hours; after which:
2.Immerse the specimen in water at room temperature (60 to 80 F) for 3 hours; remove and, 921.15 1025 3. Place in cold storage at -15 F for 1 hour; remove and,
4.Thaw at room tempe rature (60 to 80 F) for 1 hour.
5.Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to complete a total of 50 cycles.
B.Exposure Test Subject the material to a 5,000 -hour exposure test conforming to ASTM G155, operating a xenon arc light apparatus for non -metallic materials. At the end of the exposure test, the exposed sample shall not show any chipping, flaking, or peeling.
C.Fungus Growth Resistance Material to be used must pass a fungus resistance test as described by Federal Specification TT -P-29b with a minimum incubation period of 21 days. There shall be no indication of growth after the test. Submit to the Materials and Tests Engineer a 1 -quart sample of the material proposed for use. This material will be tested and placed on the Department’s QPL if it meets specifications. After the material has been initially qualified and placed on the QPL, submit for each project on which the material is used, a certified statement from the formulator stating that the material furnished is identical in all respects to that which was initia lly qualified. The Department reserves the right to require samples and to perform any or all the tests specified.
921.15 Fly Ash
Use fly ash meeting AASHTO M 295, Class F or Class C, for the class specified. Do not use fly ash of differen t classes or sources as a partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete mixes. Provide fly ash meeting the requirements specified in Table 921.15 -1. 921.16 1026 Table 921.15 -1: Fly Ash Requirements Property Fly Ash Class F C
A.Chemical Requirements: Uniformity Requirements The loss on ignition of individual samples shall not vary from the average established by the 10 preceding tests, or by all preceding tests if the number is less than 10, by more than: Loss on ignition, max variation, percentage points from average 1.0 1.0
B.Physical Requirements: Pozzolanic Activity Index With Portland cement, at 7 days, min, % of control 60 60 With Portland cement, at 28 days, min, % of control 75 75 Obtain fly ash from an approved source as shown on the Department’s Producer List.
921.16 Slag Cement
Provide slag cement meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 302, Grade 100 or Grade 120. Do not use slag cement of different grades o r sources as a partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete mixes. Obtain slag cement from an approved source as shown on the Department’s Producer List.
921.17 Ground Tire Rubber
Provide Class 30 -1 Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) as defined by ASTM D5603 except for as noted in Table 921.17 -1. The material shall also be certified to meet the requirements of Table 921.17 -1. Include certification of the GTR with the Bill of Lading for the modified asphalt cement. 921.17 1027 Table 921.17 -1: Requirements for Ground Tir e Rubber Property Specification Specific Gravity 1.15 ± 0.05 Moisture Content 0.75% Max Ferrous Metal Content 0.01% Max Fiber Content 0.5% Max Ash (ASTM E1131) 10% Max
921.18 Silica Fume
Use silica fume meeting AASHTO M 307. Index 1028 INDEX Abbreviations ................................ ................................ ................................ 3 Accelerators for concrete ................................ ................................ ........ 1017 Acceptance Final ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 94 Project ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 49 Addendum, definition of ................................ ................................ ............... 4 Additives Anti-strip for asphalt ................................ ................................ ........... 1018 Concrete ................................ ................................ .............................. 1017 Silicone for asphalt ................................ ................................ .............. 1018 Warm mix asphalt ................................ ................................ ............... 1018 Adjusted guardrail ................................ ................................ ..................... 703 Admixtures Air-entraining ................................ ................................ ...................... 1018 Portland Cement Concrete ................................ ................................ .. 1017 Advertisement, definition of ................................ ................................ ......... 4 Aggregate Asphalt treated permeable base ................................ ............................. 914 for aggregate -cement base course ................................ ......................... 923 for asphaltic concrete surface courses (hot mix) ................................ ... 916 for bituminous plant mix surface course (cold mix) ............................. 915 for concrete ................................ ................................ ........................... 904 for concrete ................................ ................................ ........................... 901 for double bituminous surface treatment ................................ ............... 922 for hot bitumi nous seal coat ................................ ................................ .. 922 for lightweight concrete ................................ ................................ ........ 924 for mineral aggregate base and surface course ................................ ...... 906 for mortar ................................ ................................ .............................. 903 for plant mix base and leveling courses (hot mix) ................................ 911 for Riding Surfaces ................................ ................................ ............... 927 for sand-asphalt surface course ................................ ............................. 924 for slurry seal and micro -surface ................................ ........................... 920 for underdrains ................................ ................................ ...................... 923 Mineral aggregate base course ................................ .............................. 220 mixing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 223 Sizes ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 926 Index 1029 spreading ................................ ................................ ............................... 224 Stockpiling ................................ ................................ ............................ 924 Test methods ................................ ................................ ......................... 925 Aggregate underdrains ................................ ................................ .............. 723 Aggregate -cement base course ................................ ................................ .. 252 Agricultural limestone ................................ ................................ ............ 1005 Air content ................................ ................................ ................................ 502 Air-entraining admixtures ................................ ................................ ....... 1018 Altered Quantities ................................ ................................ ..................... 106 Aluminum for signs ................................ ................................ .................. 982 Amendment, definition of ................................ ................................ ............. 4 Ammonium nitrate ................................ ................................ .................. 1005 Anchor bolts Sign support ................................ ................................ .......................... 751 Traffic signal ................................ ................................ ......................... 814 Anchorages Post-tensioned steel ................................ ................................ ............... 637 Post-tensioned Tendons ................................ ................................ ........ 944 Post-Tensioned Ten dons ................................ ................................ ....... 945 Angles, connections ................................ ................................ .................. 462 Annealing ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 465 Anti-Strip Additive ................................ ................................ ................... 248 Application temperature, bituminous seal coat ................................ ......... 288 Applied textured finish for concrete ................................ ....................... 1024 Arch rings, stone masonry ................................ ................................ ........ 610 Artifacts ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 142 Asphalt Acceptance of asphalt mix ................................ ................................ .... 342 Aggregate f eed ................................ ................................ ...................... 320 Batch plants ................................ ................................ ........................... 316 Continuous mix plants ................................ ................................ .......... 319 Contractor Quality Control ................................ ................................ ... 302 Hauling equipment ................................ ................................ ................ 323 Heating ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 312 Material transfer device ................................ ................................ ........ 323 Mixer ................................ ................................ ............................. 318, 320 Mixing time ................................ ................................ ........................... 318 Pavement samples ................................ ................................ ................. 338 Pavers ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 323 Preparation of aggregate ................................ ................................ ....... 330 Preparation of asphalt cement ................................ ............................... 328 Rollers ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 325 Silos or surge bins ................................ ................................ ................. 322 Index 1030 Storage ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 312 Storage bins or silos ................................ ................................ .............. 330 Surge system ................................ ................................ ......................... 330 Testing ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 309 Thermometer ................................ ................................ ......................... 321 Warm mix ................................ ................................ ............................. 329 Asphalt cement ................................ ................................ .......................... 930 Asphalt Concrete Surface ................................ ................................ .......... 352 Asphalt curb machine ................................ ................................ ................ 781 Asphalt or Cement Treated Permeable Base ................................ ............. 272 Asphalt Paving Mixing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 330 Surface preparation ................................ ................................ ............... 328 Surface requirements ................................ ................................ ............. 339 Temperature limitations ................................ ................................ ........ 326 Asphalt Plant Aggregate bins ................................ ................................ ...................... 313 Aggregate control ................................ ................................ .................. 321 Aggregate feed ................................ ................................ ...................... 321 Bituminous control ................................ ................................ ........ 313, 317 Dryer ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 313 Dryer drum ................................ ................................ ............................ 321 Dryer feeder ................................ ................................ .......................... 312 Dust collector ................................ ................................ ........................ 314 Field Laboratory ................................ ................................ .................... 315 Plant requirements ................................ ................................ ................. 312 Safety requirements ................................ ................................ ............... 314 Scales ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 316 Screens ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 313 Storage system requirements ................................ ................................ . 315 Surge system requirements ................................ ................................ ... 315 Thermometer ................................ ................................ ................. 314, 319 Warm mix modifications ................................ ................................ ...... 316 Weigh box or hopper ................................ ................................ ............. 317 Asphaltic concrete curb (hot mix) ................................ ............................. 780 Authority of Inspectors ................................ ................................ ............................ 46 of the Engineer ................................ ................................ ........................ 33 Automatic controls, asphalt screed ................................ ........................... 332 Award Cancellation of ................................ ................................ ........................ 20 Contract Award ................................ ................................ ....................... 20 Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 4 Index 1031 Back walls Brick masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 615 Stone masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 611 Backfill Flowable fill ................................ ................................ .................. 156, 165 Major structures ................................ ................................ .................... 164 Material ................................ ................................ ................................ . 155 Pipe Culverts ................................ ................................ ......................... 165 Backfilling ................................ ................................ ................................ 127 Barbed wire ................................ ................................ ............................... 961 Barricades ................................ ................................ ................................ . 732 Bars for posttensioning ................................ ................................ ............. 945 Bars, lacing ................................ ................................ ............................... 462 Base Course Aggregate -Cement ................................ ................................ ................ 252 Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 4 Mineral aggregate ................................ ................................ ................. 220 Batching concrete ................................ ................................ ..................... 394 Bearing pads, elastomeric ................................ ................................ ......... 953 Bearing plates, bronze ................................ ................................ ............... 953 Bents, timber structures ................................ ................................ ............ 422 Bid opening ................................ ................................ ................................ . 15 Bid Schedule ................................ ................................ ............................... 13 Bidder, definition of ................................ ................................ ...................... 4 bituminous asphalt plant mix pavements ................................ .................. 296 Bituminous cold mix ................................ ................................ ................. 348 Bituminous material ................................ ................................ .................. 930 Bituminous mixing plant ................................ ................................ ........... 312 Bituminous mixture ................................ ................................ .................. 298 Bituminous plant mix base ................................ ................................ ........ 242 design properties ................................ ................................ ................... 244 mixtures ................................ ................................ ................................ 243 Bituminous plant mix surface (cold mix) ................................ .................. 348 Bituminous seal coat ................................ ................................ ................. 288 application rates ................................ ................................ .................... 291 Blasting ................................ ................................ ............................. 132, 143 Bolt holes for signs ................................ ................................ ................................ 986 for steel structures ................................ ................................ ................. 435 Bolts Connections for steel structures ................................ ............................ 441 High strength ................................ ................................ ......................... 947 High strength connections ................................ ................................ ..... 442 Index 1032 Ribbed ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 441 Testing ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 948 Timber structures ................................ ................................ .................. 424 Turned ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 441 Unfinished ................................ ................................ ............................. 441 Bond, contract definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Borrow Excavation ................................ ................................ ................... 139 Borrow material ................................ ................................ ........................ 144 borrow pits ................................ ........................... See Clearing and Grubbing Borrow Pits ................................ ................................ ............................... 144 Box Bridge, definition of ................................ ................................ .............. 4 Box Culverts Backfilling ................................ ................................ ............................. 164 Excavation ................................ ................................ ............................. 158 Foundation preparation ................................ ................................ ......... 161 Box section, precast concrete ................................ ................................ .... 978 Braces, stock fence ................................ ................................ .................... 956 Bracket arms for light standards ................................ ............................... 767 Brick laying ................................ ................................ ............................... 614 Brick masonry ................................ ................................ ........................... 613 Bricks ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 974 Clay or shale ................................ ................................ ......................... 974 Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 974 Sewer ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 974 Bridge deck sealant ................................ ................................ ........... 646, 941 Application ................................ ................................ ............................ 647 Weather limitations ................................ ................................ ............... 647 Bridge Excavation ................................ ................................ ..................... 154 Bridge expansion joint systems ................................ ................................ . 671 Bridge railing ................................ ................................ ............................ 659 Bridge seats Brick masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 615 Stone masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 611 Bridge, definition of ................................ ................................ ...................... 4 Bridges Backfilling ................................ ................................ ............................. 164 Foundation preparation ................................ ................................ ......... 161 Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 131 Building brick ................................ ................................ ........................... 974 Buildings removal ................................ ................................ ..................... 130 Buried ground wire ................................ ................................ ................... 764 Burlap ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 976 Cabinets ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 827 Index 1033 Cable ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 818 Identification ................................ ................................ ......................... 765 Markers ................................ ................................ ................................ . 770 Underground ................................ ................................ ......................... 763 Calcium chloride ................................ ................................ ..................... 1016 Calendar Day ................................ ................................ .......................... 4, 91 Calibration, asphalt aggregate ................................ ................................ ... 320 Camber ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 523 Care of sod ................................ ................................ ................................ 890 Cast iron pipe ................................ ................................ ............................ 980 Cast steel ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 952 Castings Gray iron ................................ ................................ ............................... 952 Malleable ................................ ................................ .............................. 953 Castings and fittings ................................ ................................ .................. 602 Cast-in-place concrete piles ................................ ................................ ...... 564 Catchbasins ................................ ................................ ..................... 600, 1022 Cement ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 900 Bulk ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 528 Hydraulic ................................ ................................ .............................. 900 Portland ................................ ................................ ................................ . 900 Storage ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 900 Cement Application Aggregate cement ................................ ................................ ................. 254 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ........................... 232 Cement concrete ditch paving ................................ ................................ ... 692 Cement concrete sidewalks, driveways and median pavement ................. 681 Cement Treated Permeable Base ................................ .............................. 272 Chain link fence ................................ ................................ ........................ 958 Fittings and hardware ................................ ................................ ............ 961 Gates ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 963 Top rail ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 960 Change Directive, definition of ................................ ................................ .... 5 Change Order, definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Changes ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 21 Differing Site Conditions ................................ ................................ ........ 21 Eliminated Items ................................ ................................ ..................... 23 Extra Work ................................ ................................ ...................... 23, 106 Notification by Contractor ................................ ................................ ...... 23 Significant Changes in the Character of Work ................................ ........ 22 Suspensions ................................ ................................ ............................. 22 Channel Excavation ................................ ................................ .................. 140 Chemical additives ................................ ................................ .................. 1017 Index 1034 Claims ................................ ................................ ................................ . 49, 121 Against the Department ................................ ................................ .......... 77 Appeal Process ................................ ................................ ........................ 54 Claim Certification ................................ ................................ .................. 52 Department Decision ................................ ................................ ............... 54 Informal Claim Meeting ................................ ................................ .......... 50 Submission of ................................ ................................ .......................... 51 Classification Riprap ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 716 Stone masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 605 Clay or shale bricks ................................ ................................ ................... 974 Clay pipe ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 978 Cleanup, final ................................ ................................ .............................. 29 Clearing and Grubbing ................................ ................................ .............. 124 5 feet outside the construction lines ................................ ...................... 125 Borrow Pits ................................ ................................ ........................... 126 Method of Measurement ................................ ................................ ....... 128 Preparation ................................ ................................ ............................ 125 Right-of-Way ................................ ................................ ........................ 125 Swampy areas ................................ ................................ ....................... 126 Coal, rights to ................................ ................................ .............................. 28 Coarse aggregate for asphalt surface (hot mix) ................................ ................................ . 916 for concrete ................................ ................................ ........................... 904 for plant mix base and leveling course ................................ .................. 911 Codes, electrical ................................ ................................ ................ 758, 808 Cofferdams ................................ ................................ ................................ 160 Cold mix (bituminous) ................................ ................................ .............. 348 Column supports, cantilever signs ................................ ............................ 751 Combined aggregate grading ................................ ................................ .... 912 Combined grading, for asphalt surface (hot mix) ................................ ...... 917 Commissioner, definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Compaction Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 255 Aggregate -Lime-Fly Ash Base Course ................................ ................. 267 Asphalt paving ................................ ................................ ...................... 333 Cold mix................................ ................................ ................................ 350 Conditioning aggregate base ................................ ................................ . 260 Mineral aggregate base ................................ ................................ ......... 225 Mineral aggregate surface ................................ ................................ ..... 277 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ............................ 233 Compensable Delay Costs ................................ ................................ ........ 115 Competency of Bidders ................................ ................................ ............... 12 Index 1035 Completion Time ................................ ................................ ........................ 91 Composition Asphalt curb ................................ ................................ .......................... 780 Asphalt surface ................................ ................................ ..................... 353 Cold mix ................................ ................................ ............................... 349 Concrete Classification ................................ ................................ ........................ 501 Compressive strength ................................ ................................ ............. See Curing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 547 Defective ................................ ................................ ............................... 541 Drum mixing speed ................................ ................................ ............... 531 Finishing ................................ ................................ ............................... 542 Forms ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 516 Heated ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 530 Joints ................................ ................................ ............................. 399, 538 Mixing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 394 Mixing limitations ................................ ................................ ................. 395 Mixing time ................................ ................................ ........................... 531 Placement ................................ ................................ ...................... 395, 534 Proportioning ................................ ................................ ................ 501, 623 Protection ................................ ................................ .............................. 549 Quality Assurance ................................ ................................ ................. 501 Reinforcement ................................ ................................ ....................... 943 Reinforcement placement ................................ ................................ ..... 524 Retempering ................................ ................................ .......................... 531 Slip forming ................................ ................................ .......................... 396 temperature ................................ ................................ ........................... 530 Temperature ................................ ................................ .......................... 530 Test specimens ................................ ................................ ...................... 398 Trucks ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 531 Under water ................................ ................................ ........................... 539 Concrete Base Deficiency ................................ ................................ ......... 241 Concrete curing compound ................................ ................................ ....... 976 Concrete masonry units ................................ ................................ ............. 975 Concrete median barrier ................................ ................................ ............ 728 Concrete parapet ................................ ................................ ....................... 660 Concrete Pavement Acceptance testing ................................ ................................ ................ 509 Batching plant ................................ ................................ ............... 389, 511 Concrete batching ................................ ................................ ................. 394 Conditioning base ................................ ................................ ................. 394 Consolidation of concrete ................................ ................................ ..... 403 Construction joints ................................ ................................ ................ 402 Index 1036 Construction of base ................................ ................................ .............. 393 Curing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 409 Final concrete finish ................................ ................................ .............. 405 Final strike -off ................................ ................................ ...................... 403 Finishing ................................ ................................ ............................... 403 Floating ................................ ................................ ................................ . 404 Forms ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 390 Hand finishing ................................ ................................ ....................... 403 Joints ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 399 Machine finishing ................................ ................................ ................. 403 Materials handling ................................ ................................ ................. 394 Mixers ................................ ................................ ........................... 389, 512 Proportioning ................................ ................................ ........................ 387 Quality control ................................ ................................ ...................... 389 Setting forms ................................ ................................ ......................... 393 Spreading and finishing equipment ................................ ....................... 391 Subgrade preparation ................................ ................................ ............ 393 Surface testing ................................ ................................ ....................... 406 Thickness ................................ ................................ .............................. 414 Vibrators ................................ ................................ ............................... 391 Concrete pipe Non-reinforced ................................ ................................ ...................... 977 Reinforced ................................ ................................ ............................. 977 Concrete Plant Bins ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 511 Hoppers ................................ ................................ ................................ . 511 Scales ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 511 Concrete Structures ................................ ................................ ................... 499 Conditioning mineral aggregate base ................................ ........................ 259 Conductors ................................ ................................ ................................ 818 Conduit ................................ ................................ ...................... 750, 759, 816 Backfilling ................................ ................................ ............................. 761 Direct burial ................................ ................................ .......................... 761 Encased ................................ ................................ ................................ . 761 Metallic ................................ ................................ ................................ . 999 Non-metallic rigid ................................ ................................ ................. 999 On structures ................................ ................................ ......................... 762 Steel fittings ................................ ................................ .......................... 999 Testing ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 762 Trenches ................................ ................................ ................................ 759 Conformity with Plans and Specifications ................................ .................. 36 Connection angles ................................ ................................ ..................... 462 Construction change, definition of ................................ ................................ 5 Index 1037 Construction Joints ................................ ................................ ........... 402, 539 Contract Award ................................ ................................ ........................ See Award Change Order ................................ ................................ ........................ 107 Default ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 95 Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 5 Execution ................................ ................................ ................................ 20 Failure to Execute ................................ ................................ ................... 20 Intent of ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 21 Negotiations ................................ ................................ .......................... 107 Payment and Performance Bond ................................ ............................. 20 Subletting ................................ ................................ ................................ 79 Terminatio n ................................ ................................ ............................. 95 Contract Change ................................ ................................ ......... See Changes Contractor Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 6 Duties of ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 38 Legal Responsibilities ................................ ................................ ............. 75 Responsibilities for Work ................................ ................................ ....... 76 Control cabinets ................................ ................................ ...................... 1000 Control center ................................ ................................ ........................... 770 Control strips, asphalt paving ................................ ................................ .... 334 Controllers ................................ ................................ ................................ 825 Controlling Activity of Work, defini tion of ................................ .................. 6 Cooperation Between Contractors ................................ ................................ ............... 42 with Utilities, Railroads, and Pipelines ................................ ................... 40 Coordination of Plans and Specifications ................................ ................... 37 Copings Brick masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 615 Stone masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 611 Copper sheet for flashing ................................ ................................ .......... 954 Corner posts, stock fence ................................ ................................ .......... 956 Countersinking timber structures ................................ .............................. 424 Cribs ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 160 Critical Path Method ................................ ................................ ................... 84 Critical Path Method, definition of ................................ ............................... 6 Critical Path, definition of ................................ ................................ ............. 6 Cultivating, landscape ................................ ................................ ............... 884 Culvert Excavation ................................ ................................ ............................ 154 Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 131 Curb Index 1038 Concrete base ................................ ................................ ........................ 239 Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 133 Curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ......................... 687 Curb machine, asphalt ................................ ................................ ............... 781 Curing ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 409 Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 Aggregate -Lime-Fly Ash Base Course ................................ ................. 268 Asphalt curb ................................ ................................ .......................... 783 Concrete ................................ ................................ ........................ 547, 626 Concrete curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ....... 690 Ditch paving ................................ ................................ .......................... 694 Polymer modified concrete ................................ ................................ ... 656 Sidewalk, median pavement, and driveways ................................ ......... 684 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ............................ 234 Steam method ................................ ................................ ........................ 626 Curing compound, concrete ................................ ................................ ...... 976 Current test ................................ ................................ ................................ 771 Curving steel beams and girders ................................ ............................... 432 Cut Slopes ................................ ................................ ................................ . 179 Cutting metal for signs ................................ ................................ .............. 986 Dampproofing materials ................................ ................................ ........... 940 Date, completion definition of ................................ ................................ ...... 5 Day, calendar definition of ................................ ................................ ............ 4 Defective concrete ................................ ................................ ..................... 541 Defective Material ................................ ................................ ....................... 63 Definitions ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 4 Delays ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 91 Compensable Delay Costs ................................ ................................ ..... 115 Concurrent ................................ ................................ ............................... 94 Excusable, Compensable ................................ ................................ ........ 93 Excusable, Non -Compensable ................................ ................................ 92 Liquidated Damages ................................ ................................ ............... 95 Delineators ................................ ................................ ................................ 749 Density Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 255 Asphalt pavement ................................ ................................ .................. 335 Conditioning mineral aggregate base ................................ .................... 260 Embankment ................................ ................................ ......................... 176 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ............................ 233 Department, definition of ................................ ................................ .............. 6 Detectors, traffic signal ................................ ................................ ............. 845 Detour, definition of ................................ ................................ ...................... 6 Differing Site Conditions ................................ ................................ ............ 21 Index 1039 Disadvantaged Business Enterprise, definition of ................................ ......... 6 Disposal of debris ................................ ................................ ..................... 127 Disputes ................................ ................................ ........................ See Claims Distributor, bituminous material ................................ ............................... 280 Ditches ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 188 Dowels ................................ ................................ .............................. 400, 943 Drag wire ................................ ................................ ................................ 1001 Drain tile ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 978 Drainage Structures, removal ................................ ................................ .... 131 Dressing ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 182 Driveways, concrete ................................ ................................ .................. 681 Driving Piles ................................ ................................ ............................. 569 Drum speed, co ncrete mixer ................................ ................................ ..... 531 Drums, temporary traffic control ................................ .............................. 733 Ducts ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 638 Dust Control ................................ ................................ ................................ 28 Early entry sawing ................................ ................................ .................... 401 Edging at forms and concrete joints ................................ .......................... 406 Elastomeric bearing pads ................................ ................................ .......... 953 Electrical codes ................................ ................................ ................. 758, 808 Eliminated Items ................................ ................................ ......................... 23 Embankment ................................ ................................ ............................. 174 Compaction ................................ ................................ ........................... 176 Formation of ................................ ................................ ......................... 176 Moisture ................................ ................................ ................................ 176 Preparation for ................................ ................................ ...................... 174 Stability of ................................ ................................ ............................. 179 Emulsified Asphalt ................................ ................................ ................... 931 End walls, pipe ................................ ................................ .......................... 600 Engineer Authority of ................................ ................................ ............................. 33 Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 6 Environmental Protection ................................ ................................ ........... 68 Equipment ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 89 Alternative Equipment ................................ ................................ ............ 55 Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 7 Movement of ................................ ................................ ........................... 27 Operation of ................................ ................................ ............................ 27 Erection Fence ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 707 Guardrail ................................ ................................ ............................... 699 Monuments and markers ................................ ................................ ....... 711 Steel ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 470 Index 1040 Erosion Control ................................ ................................ ......................... 191 Preconstruction Conference ................................ ................................ .. 192 Requirements ................................ ................................ ........................ 193 Structures ................................ ................................ .............................. 196 Erosion control blanket ................................ ................................ ... 893, 1014 Establishment of plants ................................ ................................ ............. 884 Establishment of sod ................................ ................................ ................. 890 Examination of the Site ................................ ................................ ............... 13 Excavation ................................ ................................ ................................ . 138 Borrow ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 139 Box Culvert ................................ ................................ ........................... 158 Bridges ................................ ................................ .......................... 154, 158 Channel ................................ ................................ ................................ . 140 Classification ................................ ................................ ......................... 138 Dry excavation (bridges) ................................ ................................ ....... 154 Major structures ................................ ................................ .................... 158 Pipe ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 581 Pipe Culvert ................................ ................................ .......................... 159 Protection of ................................ ................................ .......................... 160 Requirements ................................ ................................ ........................ 141 Road and drainage ................................ ................................ ................. 139 Rock excavation (bridges) ................................ ................................ ..... 154 Sewer ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 588 Shaping and dressing ................................ ................................ ............ 147 Slides ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 151 Structure ................................ ................................ ................................ 153 Undercutting ................................ ................................ ......................... 141 Unsuitable material ................................ ................................ ............... 146 Use of excavated material ................................ ................................ ..... 160 Wet excavation (bridges) ................................ ................................ ...... 154 Excess Material ................................ ................................ ......................... 146 Expansion joints ................................ ................................ ........................ 402 Driveways ................................ ................................ ............................. 683 Median pave ment ................................ ................................ .................. 683 Sidewalks ................................ ................................ .............................. 683 Explosives ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 74 Extra work ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 23 Eyebars ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 464 Fabric for stock fence ................................ ................................ ................ 956 Fabrication of signs ................................ ................................ ................... 984 Fabrication, steel structures ................................ ................................ ....... 463 Falsework ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 522 Falsework Removal ................................ ................................ ................... 541 Index 1041 Federal Aid Provisions ................................ ................................ ................ 67 Fence ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 705 Chain link ................................ ................................ .............................. 958 Erection ................................ ................................ ................................ . 707 Gates ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 962 Posts ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 706 Stock ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 956 Fertilizer ................................ ................................ .......................... 879, 1004 Field connections Structural Steel ................................ ................................ ...................... 436 Field laboratory ................................ ................................ ........................... 60 Asphalt plant ................................ ................................ ................. 303, 315 Field Offices ................................ ................................ ............................. 801 Filter cloth ................................ ................................ ............................... 1022 Filter cloth underdrains ................................ ................................ ............. 722 Final Acceptance ................................ ................................ ......................... 94 Final Payment ................................ ................................ ........................... 121 Fine aggregate for asphalt surface (hot mix) ................................ ................................ . 916 for concrete ................................ ................................ ........................... 901 for mortar ................................ ................................ .............................. 903 for plant mix base and leveling course (hot mix) ................................ .. 911 Finishing Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 Aggregate -Lime-Fly Ash Base Course ................................ ................. 267 Asphalt mixes ................................ ................................ ....................... 331 Concrete base ................................ ................................ ........................ 239 Concrete median barrier ................................ ................................ ........ 729 Concrete, curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ...... 689 Ditch paving ................................ ................................ .......................... 694 Driveways ................................ ................................ ............................. 683 Median pavement ................................ ................................ .................. 683 Sidewalk ................................ ................................ ............................... 683 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ........................... 234 Fittings, chain link fence ................................ ................................ ........... 961 Flaggers ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 735 Flashing Arrow Board ................................ ................................ ............... 736 Flashing school signals ................................ ................................ ............. 837 Flashing, copper sheet ................................ ................................ ............... 954 Flexible Delineator Po sts ................................ ................................ .......... 989 Flocculants ................................ ................................ ................................ 197 Flowable Fill ................................ ................................ ..................... 156, 165 fly ash ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 262 Index 1042 Fly ash ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1025 Fog Sealing ................................ ................................ ............................... 286 Force Account ................................ ................................ ........................... 108 Force account, definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 7 Force, working for cast in place prestress concrete ................................ ... 640 Forgings, steel ................................ ................................ ........................... 952 Forms ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 390 Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 516 Ditch paving ................................ ................................ .......................... 693 Driveways ................................ ................................ ............................. 682 Median pavement ................................ ................................ .................. 682 Metal concrete forms ................................ ................................ ............ 517 Permanent bridge deck forms ................................ ................................ 517 Removal ................................ ................................ ................ 411, 541, 626 Sidewalks ................................ ................................ .............................. 682 Surface treatment ................................ ................................ .................. 517 Foundation fill material ................................ ................................ ............. 155 Foundation preparation ................................ ................................ ............. 161 Monuments and markers ................................ ................................ ....... 711 Pipe ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 581 Riprap ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 717 Sewer ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 588 Foundations Light standards ................................ ................................ ...................... 765 Sign supports ................................ ................................ ......................... 750 Gates Fence ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 962 Water ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 964 Geosynthetics ................................ ................................ .................. 866, 1022 Geotextile ................................ ................................ ................................ 1022 Grade control, automatic ................................ ................................ ........... 324 Grading ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 138 Grass seed ................................ ................................ ............................... 1002 Gray iron castings ................................ ................................ ..................... 952 Ground cover planting ................................ ................................ .............. 883 Ground Granulated Blast Furna ce Slag ................................ ................... 1026 Grounding material ................................ ................................ ................. 1001 Grounding resistance test ................................ ................................ .......... 772 Grout ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 1022 Grouting Cast in place tendon duct ................................ ................................ ...... 641 Precast prestressed concrete ................................ ................................ .. 631 Guardrail ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 696 Index 1043 Adjusted ................................ ................................ ................................ 701 Adjustment ................................ ................................ ............................ 703 Dismantling ................................ ................................ ........................... 702 Hardware ................................ ................................ ............................... 964 Metal ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 964 Post installation ................................ ................................ ..................... 697 Posts ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 964 Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 701 Reset ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 701 Timber ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 964 Guy wires for light standards ................................ ................................ .. 1000 Guying trees ................................ ................................ .............................. 881 Hammers Calibration tests ................................ ................................ .................... 568 Diesel ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 560 for concrete piles ................................ ................................ ................... 562 for steel piles ................................ ................................ ......................... 561 for steel shells ................................ ................................ ....................... 562 for timber piles ................................ ................................ ...................... 560 Gravity ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 560 Hardware, guardrail ................................ ................................ .................. 964 Hazardous/Toxic Waste ................................ ................................ .............. 71 Heated concrete ................................ ................................ ......................... 530 Hemp gaskets ................................ ................................ ............................ 937 High early strength concrete ................................ ................................ ..... 504 High mast light standards ................................ ................................ .......... 997 High Strength Bolts ................................ ................................ .......... 442, 947 Highmast light standards ................................ ................................ ........... 767 Highway signing ................................ ................................ ....................... 748 Highway, definition of ................................ ................................ .................. 7 Holes Accuracy of punched and drilled holes, steel structures ....................... 437 Accuracy of Reamed and Drilled Holes ................................ ................ 437 Drifting, steel structures ................................ ................................ ........ 440 Drilled for steel structures ................................ ................................ ..... 436 Punched for steel structures ................................ ................................ .. 436 Reamed or drilled ................................ ................................ .................. 436 Holidays, definition of ................................ ................................ .................. 7 Hydrated lime ................................ ................................ ......................... 1017 Hydraulic cement ................................ ................................ ...................... 900 Hydro-Demolition -Blasting ................................ ................................ ...... 655 Inlet pipes ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 602 Inoculants for legumes ................................ ................................ ............ 1005 Index 1044 Inspection ................................ ................................ .............................. 47, 59 Reinspection ................................ ................................ ............................ 63 Source or Plant ................................ ................................ ........................ 60 Inspection of plants ................................ ................................ ................... 884 Inspector, definition of ................................ ................................ .................. 7 Inspectors Authority and Duties of ................................ ................................ ........... 46 Duties of ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 47 Instructions to bidders, definition of ................................ ............................. 7 Inverts ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 602 Joining pipe ................................ ................................ ....................... 581, 597 Joint fillers, preformed ................................ ................................ .............. 936 Joint materials ................................ ................................ ........................... 936 Joint mortar ................................ ................................ ............................... 936 Joint sealants ................................ ................................ ............................. 937 Joints Abutting steel structures ................................ ................................ ........ 462 Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 Aggregate -Lime-Fly Ash Base Course ................................ ................. 268 Asphalt paving ................................ ................................ ...................... 338 Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 538 Concrete median barrier ................................ ................................ ........ 729 Concrete pavement ................................ ................................ ................ 399 Construction ................................ ................................ .......................... 402 Ditch paving ................................ ................................ .......................... 694 Expansion ................................ ................................ ...................... 400, 402 Finishing ................................ ................................ ............................... 403 Inserts ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 402 longitudinal ................................ ................................ ........................... 399 Sawed ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 400 Sealing ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 412 Sewer ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 589 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ............................ 234 Transverse ................................ ................................ ............. 400, 401, 402 Jute mesh application ................................ ................................ ................ 894 Laboratory, definition of ................................ ................................ ............... 8 Lacing bars ................................ ................................ ................................ 462 Lamps ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 770 Landscape planting ................................ ................................ ................... 876 Landscape planting season ................................ ................................ ........ 880 Lane closure restrictions ................................ ................................ ............. 25 Laws ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 64 Laying brick ................................ ................................ .............................. 614 Index 1045 Laying pipe ................................ ................................ ............................... 581 Lead, pig ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 954 Legal Rights, Waiver of ................................ ................................ .............. 77 Letter of Credit, definition of ................................ ................................ ........ 8 Leveling concrete ................................ ................................ ...................... 554 Liability Insurance ................................ ................................ ...................... 76 Liability of Public Officials ................................ ................................ ........ 77 Licenses ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 66 Light standards ................................ ................................ .................. 765, 992 Wood ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 1000 Lighting ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 756 Lighting assembly strength test ................................ ................................ . 998 Lighting materials ................................ ................................ ..................... 991 Lime Stabili zation Application of lime ................................ ................................ ............... 213 Compaction and finishing ................................ ................................ ..... 215 Curing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 216 Drilling ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 218 extra depth ................................ ................................ ............................. 217 Extra depth stabilization ................................ ................................ ....... 213 Final mixing ................................ ................................ .......................... 214 Mixing and mellowing ................................ ................................ .......... 214 Preparation of existing surface ................................ .............................. 212 Tolerances and Reconstruction ................................ ............................. 216 Lime Treatment ................................ ................................ ......................... 210 Lime, hydrated ................................ ................................ ........................ 1017 Liquidated Damages ................................ ................................ ................... 95 Litter ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 896 Load Restrictions ................................ ................................ ........................ 65 Longitudinal Joints ................................ ................................ ................... 399 Loss on ignition test, mineral aggregate in asphalt paving mixture .......... 311 Luminaires ................................ ................................ ........................ 767, 999 Machined riprap ................................ ................................ ................ 716, 720 Maintenance Traffic ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 25 Maintenance During Construction ................................ ................................ ................ 27 Maintenance Mineral aggregate base ................................ ................................ ......... 227 Maintenance Soil cement ................................ ................................ ........................... 235 Maintenance Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 Index 1046 Maintenance Prime coat ................................ ................................ ............................. 281 Maintenance Bituminous seal coat ................................ ................................ ............. 294 Maintenance Cold mix................................ ................................ ................................ 350 Major and Minor Items, definition of ................................ ............................ 8 Major Structures Backfilling ................................ ................................ ............................. 164 Excavation ................................ ................................ ............................. 158 Foundation preparation ................................ ................................ ......... 161 Malleable castings ................................ ................................ ..................... 953 Manhole steps ................................ ................................ ......................... 1022 Manholes ................................ ................................ ................................ . 1022 Manholes, catchbasins, inlets and pipe endwalls ................................ ...... 600 Markers ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 710 Markers, cable ................................ ................................ ........................... 770 Marking steel ................................ ................................ ............................ 468 Masonry mortar ................................ ................................ ......................... 974 Masonry stone ................................ ................................ ......................... 1019 Masonry units, concrete ................................ ................................ ............ 975 Match marking steel structures ................................ ................................ . 440 Material Defective ................................ ................................ ................................ . 63 Quality of ................................ ................................ ................................ 58 Material Guaranty ................................ ................................ ....................... 19 Material Transfer Devices (MTD) ................................ ............................ 323 Materials Certification ................................ ................................ ............................ 59 Handling ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 62 Information ................................ ................................ ............................. 58 Local Sources ................................ ................................ .......................... 58 Notice of Arrival ................................ ................................ ..................... 62 Notice of Source ................................ ................................ ...................... 62 Right to Materials Found on the Project ................................ ................. 28 Sampling, Testing, and Inspection ................................ .......................... 59 Storage ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 62 Materials, Definition of ................................ ................................ ................. 8 Measurement of Quantities ................................ ................................ ....... 100 Mechanical mixer, aggregate cement base ................................ ................ 253 Median barrier concrete ................................ ................................ ............ 728 Median pavement ................................ ................................ ...................... 681 Metal beam rail ................................ ................................ ......................... 964 Index 1047 Metallic conduit ................................ ................................ ........................ 999 Metallic pipe ................................ ................................ ............................. 980 Micro-Surfacing ................................ ................................ ........................ 366 Migratory Birds ................................ ................................ ........................... 72 Mineral Aggregate Base ................................ ................................ ........... 220 Conditioning ................................ ................................ ......................... 259 Mineral Aggregate Base ................................ ................................ ........... 906 Mineral aggregate surface ................................ ................................ ......... 276 construction methods ................................ ................................ ............ 277 Mineral filler ................................ ................................ ............................. 923 Miscellaneous materials ................................ ................................ .......... 1015 Mix Design Requirements ................................ ................................ ........ 305 Mixer Asphalt ................................ ................................ .......................... 318, 320 Mineral aggregate base ................................ ................................ ......... 221 Polymer modified concrete ................................ ................................ ... 652 Mixing Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 254 Asphalt paving ................................ ................................ ...................... 330 Asphalt surface ................................ ................................ ..................... 361 Cold mix ................................ ................................ ............................... 350 Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 394 Concrete, curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ...... 689 Lime – Fly Ash – Aggregate Mix ................................ ................. 264, 266 Mineral aggregate base ................................ ................................ ......... 223 Paint ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 486 Polymer modified concrete ................................ ................................ ... 655 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ........................... 232 Mixing plant Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 253 Mixing time (concrete) ................................ ................................ ............. 531 Mobilization of forces, supplies and equipment ................................ ....... 799 Modified asphalt cement volumetric testing ................................ ............. 306 Modified Class A concrete ................................ ................................ ........ 389 Moisture, embankment ................................ ................................ ............. 176 Monuments ................................ ................................ ............................... 710 Mortar, masonry ................................ ................................ ........................ 974 Mowing ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 897 Mulch ................................ ................................ .............................. 879, 1005 Mulching ................................ ................................ ........................... 871, 883 Night Work Lighting ................................ ................................ ................ 739 Non-metallic pipe ................................ ................................ ..................... 977 Non-metallic rigid conduit ................................ ................................ ........ 999 Index 1048 Non-reinforced concrete pipe ................................ ................................ .... 977 Notice to contractors, definition of ................................ ............................... 8 Nut rotation, steel structures ................................ ................................ ..... 447 Oakum gaskets ................................ ................................ .......................... 937 Obstruction removal ................................ ................................ .................. 129 Opening to traffic ................................ ................................ ........................ 48 Concrete pavement ................................ ................................ ................ 413 Concrete structures ................................ ................................ ................ 552 Outlet pipes ................................ ................................ ............................... 602 Overhead sign supports ................................ ................................ ............. 985 Overhead wire installation ................................ ................................ ........ 770 Packaging signs ................................ ................................ ......................... 988 Paint ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 966 Application ................................ ................................ ............................ 486 for pavement marking ................................ ................................ ........... 966 for steel structures ................................ ................................ ................. 966 Mixing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 486 Storage ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 486 Paint system for steel structures ................................ ................................ 970 Painting ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 480 Application of paint ................................ ................................ ...... 489, 490 Field painting ................................ ................................ ........................ 490 Metal ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 549 Pipe drains ................................ ................................ ............................. 598 Protection of traffic from paint ................................ ............................. 495 Repainting existing steel structures ................................ ....................... 491 Shop painting ................................ ................................ ........................ 489 Steel piles ................................ ................................ .............................. 574 Steel shells ................................ ................................ ............................ 574 Structural Steel ................................ ................................ ...................... 474 Surface preparation ................................ ................................ ............... 482 Timber structures ................................ ................................ .................. 425 Parapet, concrete ................................ ................................ ....................... 659 Partial Completion ................................ ................................ ...................... 48 Partial Payment ................................ ................................ ......................... 118 Patents ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 66 Pavement Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 133 Restoration ................................ ................................ .............................. 66 Pavement markers ................................ ................................ ..................... 790 Pavement markers (material) ................................ ........................ 1006, 1012 Pavement marking ................................ ................................ ..................... 784 Removal ................................ ................................ ........................ 742, 795 Index 1049 Temporary ................................ ................................ ............................. 743 Thermoplastic ................................ ................................ ....................... 785 Pavement markings Painted ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 793 Pavement structure, definition of ................................ ................................ .. 8 Pavers (asphalt mix) ................................ ................................ .................. 323 Pay item, definition of ................................ ................................ ................... 8 Payment Altered Quantities ................................ ................................ ................. 106 Compensable Delay Costs ................................ ................................ .... 115 Eliminated, Altered, or Terminated Work ................................ ............ 114 Extra Work ................................ ................................ ............................ 106 Final Payment ................................ ................................ ....................... 121 Non-Recoverable Costs ................................ ................................ ........ 118 Partial Payment ................................ ................................ ..................... 118 Scope of ................................ ................................ ................................ 105 Stockpiled Materials ................................ ................................ ............. 119 Payment and Performance Bond ................................ ................................ . 20 Payrolls ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 78 Perforated concrete pipe ................................ ................................ ........... 978 Performance tests, (lighting) ................................ ................................ ..... 772 Performance, promptness of ................................ ................................ ....... 74 Period of establishment, landscape ................................ ........................... 884 Permits ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 66 Navigable Waters ................................ ................................ .................... 68 Pest Control ................................ ................................ ................................ 78 Photoelectric relay ................................ ................................ .................. 1001 Pig lead ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 954 Pile drivers ................................ ................................ ................................ 559 Piles Bearing value ................................ ................................ ........................ 571 Cast-in-place ................................ ................................ ................. 564, 573 Conditioning treated timber piles ................................ .......................... 574 Cutoffs ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 574 Driving ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 569 Extensions ................................ ................................ ............................. 573 Handling ................................ ................................ ............................... 569 Load tests ................................ ................................ .............................. 565 Order list ................................ ................................ ............................... 568 Penetration ................................ ................................ ............................ 571 Precast ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 562 splices ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 573 Storage ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 569 Index 1050 Structural steel ................................ ................................ ...................... 954 Test piles ................................ ................................ ............................... 565 Timber ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 972 Piling ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 558 Classification ................................ ................................ ......................... 559 Pin Clearances ................................ ................................ ........................... 466 Pin connections ................................ ................................ ......................... 473 Pin Holes ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 466 Pins and Rollers ................................ ................................ ........................ 465 Pipe Bedding material ................................ ................................ ................... 155 Bridge railing ................................ ................................ ........................ 659 Cast iron ................................ ................................ ................................ 980 Clay ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 978 Metallic ................................ ................................ ................................ . 980 Non-metallic ................................ ................................ ......................... 977 Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 133 Removed and relaid ................................ ................................ .............. 592 Steel ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 954 Vitrified clay ................................ ................................ ......................... 978 Pipe connections, sewer ................................ ................................ ............ 589 Pipe culvert support ................................ ................................ .................. 155 Pipe Culverts Backfilling ................................ ................................ ............................. 165 Excavation ................................ ................................ ............................. 159 Foundatio n preparation ................................ ................................ ......... 163 Pipe culverts and storm sewers ................................ ................................ . 578 Pipe drains ................................ ................................ ................................ . 596 Pipe end walls ................................ ................................ ........................... 600 Pipe laying Culverts and Storm Sewers ................................ ................................ ... 581 Sewer ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 588 Pipe removal ................................ ................................ ............................. 592 Pipe underdrains ................................ ................................ ........................ 723 Placing Asphalt curb ................................ ................................ .......................... 782 Concrete, curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ...... 689 Plans ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 34 Conformity with ................................ ................................ ...................... 36 Coordination ................................ ................................ ........................... 37 Definition of ................................ ................................ .............................. 8 Plant Establishment ................................ ................................ ................... 884 Planting season ................................ ................................ .......................... 880 Index 1051 Plants Ball and burlap ................................ ................................ ...................... 878 Container grown ................................ ................................ ................... 878 Final acceptance ................................ ................................ .................... 885 Grades ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 877 Health ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 877 Inspection ................................ ................................ .............................. 884 Names ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 877 Quality ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 878 Replacement ................................ ................................ .......................... 884 Storage and heeling-in ................................ ................................ .......... 883 Plastic pavement marking (cold applied) ................................ ................ 1012 Plastic tubing ................................ ................................ ............................. 978 Plate cut edges ................................ ................................ .......................... 460 Plates Bent ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 463 Web ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 463 Pointing stone masonry ................................ ................................ ............. 609 Polish-Resistant Aggregates ................................ ................................ ..... 927 Pollution Control Air ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 72 SWPPP ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 69 Water ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 68 Polymer modified concrete ................................ ................................ ....... 650 Curing ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 656 Placing, Consolidating, Finishing ................................ ......................... 656 Reconstruction ................................ ................................ ...................... 657 Texturing ................................ ................................ ............................... 656 Portable Barrier Rail ................................ ................................ ................. 732 Portable Impact Attenuators ................................ ................................ ..... 733 Portland cement concrete base ................................ ................................ .. 238 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement ................ 387, See Concrete Pavement Post installation, guardrail ................................ ................................ ........ 697 Posts Guardrail ................................ ................................ ............................... 964 Signs ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 749 Stock fence ................................ ................................ ............................ 956 Post-tensioned, prestressed, cast in place concrete ................................ ... 634 Post-tensioning, precast concrete ................................ .............................. 628 Precast concrete box sections ................................ ................................ .... 978 Precast concrete piles ................................ ................................ ................ 562 Precast-prestressed concrete ................................ ................................ ..... 618 Precoated galvanized pipe ................................ ................................ ......... 981 Index 1052 Preconstruction Conference ................................ ................................ ........ 39 Preformed joint fillers ................................ ................................ ............... 936 Preformed plastic pavement markers ................................ ........................ 792 Prequalification Questionnaire ................................ ................................ .... 12 Prequalification, definition of ................................ ................................ ....... 9 Presplitting ................................ ................................ ................................ 143 Prestressin g methods ................................ ................................ ................. 619 Prestressing, cast in place concrete ................................ ........................... 639 Pretensioning, precast concrete ................................ ................................ . 622 Primavera Project Management ................................ ................................ .. 84 Prime coat ................................ ................................ ................................ . 279 Application ................................ ................................ ............................ 281 Cover material ................................ ................................ ....................... 281 Protection ................................ ................................ .............................. 281 Surface preparation ................................ ................................ ............... 280 Project Sign ................................ ................................ ............................... 805 Project, acceptance of ................................ ................................ ................. 49 Project, definition of ................................ ................................ ..................... 9 Proportioning Concrete pavement ................................ ................................ ................ 387 Lime-Fly Ash-Aggregate Mix ................................ ............................... 263 Polymer modified concrete ................................ ................................ ... 651 Portland cement concrete base ................................ .............................. 239 Precast concrete ................................ ................................ ..................... 623 Proposal Consideration of ................................ ................................ ...................... 19 Delivery of ................................ ................................ .............................. 15 Preparation of ................................ ................................ .......................... 14 Public opening ................................ ................................ ........................ 15 Rejection of ................................ ................................ ............................. 16 Withdrawal of ................................ ................................ ......................... 15 Proposal form, definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 9 Proposal Forms ................................ ................................ ........................... 12 Proposal guaranties, Return ................................ ................................ ........ 19 Proposal guaranty, definition of ................................ ................................ .... 9 Proposal, definition of ................................ ................................ ................... 9 Protection Lakes ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 68 Protection Reservoirs ................................ ................................ ............................... 68 Protection Streams ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 68 Protection Index 1053 Forest ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 71 Protection Hazardous/Toxic Waste ................................ ................................ .......... 71 Protection Prime coat ................................ ................................ ............................. 281 Protection Bituminous seal coat ................................ ................................ ............. 294 Protection Concrete pavement ................................ ................................ ................ 412 Protection of traffic from paint ................................ ................................ ............... 495 Protection Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 549 Protection Prestressing steel ................................ ................................ ................... 635 Protection Sidewalk, median pavement, and driveways ................................ ........ 684 Protection Concrete curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ....... 690 Protection Ditch paving ................................ ................................ .......................... 694 Protection Asphalt curb ................................ ................................ .......................... 783 Protection Seeding ................................ ................................ ................................ . 872 Pruning shrubs ................................ ................................ .......................... 882 Pruning trees ................................ ................................ ............................. 881 Public Convenience ................................ ................................ .................... 73 Pugmill ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 221 Pull boxes ................................ ................................ ................ 762, 814, 1000 Pulverizing (soil cement) ................................ ................................ .......... 232 Punched holes ................................ ................................ ........................... 436 QPL, definition of ................................ ................................ ......................... 9 Quantities ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 13 Railroads, cooperation with ................................ ................................ ........ 40 Raised pavement markers ................................ ................................ ......... 790 Reamed Holes ................................ ................................ ........................... 436 Reconstruction, soil cement ................................ ................................ ...... 235 Recycled Asphalt Pavement ................................ ............................. 244, 356 Recycled Asphalt Shingles ................................ ............................... 246, 358 Reflective pavement markers ................................ ................................ .... 790 Reflective sheeting Application ................................ ................................ ............................ 987 Index 1054 for signs ................................ ................................ ................................ . 988 Reflectorization of signs ................................ ................................ ... 987, 988 Reinforced concrete pipe ................................ ................................ .......... 977 Reinforcement for prestressing ................................ ................................ . 944 Reinforcing bar ................................ ................................ ......................... 524 for concrete structu res ................................ ................................ ........... 943 Splicing ................................ ................................ ................................ . 525 Substitution ................................ ................................ ........................... 524 Relaying pipe ................................ ................................ ............................ 594 Relays ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 1000 Removal of guardrail ................................ ................................ ................ 701 Removal of pavement marking ................................ ................................ . 742 Repainting steel structures ................................ ................................ ........ 491 Reset guardrail ................................ ................................ .......................... 701 Restoration ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 66 Retarder for concrete ................................ ................................ ............... 1017 Rideability ................................ ................................ ................................ . 550 Right-of-Way ................................ ................................ .............................. 76 Right-of-Way, definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 9 Riprap Classification ................................ ................................ ......................... 716 Machined ................................ ................................ ............................... 720 Riprap and slope pavement ................................ ................................ ....... 714 Road, definition of ................................ ................................ ........................ 7 Roadbed, definition of ................................ ................................ ................... 9 Roadside development, definition of ................................ ............................ 9 Roadside Maintenance ................................ ................................ .............. 896 Roadside, definition of ................................ ................................ .................. 9 Roadway and structure lighting ................................ ................................ 756 Roadway, definition of ................................ ................................ .................. 9 Rock Cuts ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 143 Rock Drilling (bridges) ................................ ................................ ............. 155 Rollers, asphalt ................................ ................................ .......................... 325 Rolling Bituminous seal coat ................................ ................................ ............. 293 double bituminous seal coat ................................ ................................ .. 294 Rubber gaskets ................................ ................................ .......................... 937 Rust inhibitor, prestressing steel ................................ ............................... 635 Safety ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 73 Employee Hea lth and Safety Program ................................ .................... 73 Public ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 73 Sampling ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 59 Asphalt mix ................................ ................................ ........................... 322 Index 1055 Resampling ................................ ................................ ............................. 63 Sandbag Berms and Channel Plugs ................................ .......................... 196 Sanitary Provisions ................................ ................................ ..................... 73 Sanitary sewers ................................ ................................ ......................... 587 Sawed joints ................................ ................................ .............................. 399 Scales Asphalt ................................ ................................ .......................... 316, 320 Schedule ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 81 Critical Path Method ................................ ................................ ............... 84 Sealants Bridge deck ................................ ................................ ........................... 941 Joint ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 937 Sealing joints ................................ ................................ ............................. 412 Seed, grass ................................ ................................ .............................. 1002 Seedbed ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 870 Seeding ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 869 Seeding repair ................................ ................................ ........................... 872 Seedling planting ................................ ................................ ...................... 882 Select material for soil -cement ................................ ............................... 1017 Service connection ................................ ................................ .................... 819 Service poles ................................ ................................ ........................... 1000 Sewer brick ................................ ................................ ............................... 974 Sewer joints ................................ ................................ .............................. 589 Shaping ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 147 Mineral aggr egate base ................................ ................................ ......... 225 Shells, steel ................................ ................................ ............................... 954 Shipping steel ................................ ................................ ............................ 468 Shop assembling, steel structures ................................ .............................. 438 Shop Drawings ................................ ................................ ...................... 11, 34 Shop inspection ................................ ................................ ......................... 429 Shop painting signs ................................ ................................ ................... 987 Shotcrete ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 664 Preconstruction Test Panels ................................ ................................ .. 667 Production Test Panels ................................ ................................ .......... 668 Proportioning ................................ ................................ ........................ 664 Quality Control and Acceptance ................................ ........................... 667 Test Panel Curing and Testing ................................ .............................. 668 Shoulder ................................ ................................ ............................ 188, 413 Shoulder, definition of ................................ ................................ ................ 10 Shrub Planting ................................ ................................ ................................ . 882 Pruning ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 882 Setting ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 882 Index 1056 Sidewalk Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 681 Removal ................................ ................................ ................................ 133 Sign posts ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 749 Sign support foundation ................................ ................................ ............ 750 Signing ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 748 Signing materials ................................ ................................ ...................... 748 Signs ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 752 Accessories ................................ ................................ ........................... 988 Borders ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 988 Fabrication ................................ ................................ ............................ 984 Flat sheet signs ................................ ................................ ...................... 985 Legends ................................ ................................ ................................ . 988 Multiple panel signs ................................ ................................ .............. 985 Silicone additive ................................ ................................ ........................ 331 Silk screening signs ................................ ................................ ................... 987 Silting ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 68 Slope pavement ................................ ................................ ......................... 714 Slope paving ................................ ................................ .............................. 719 Slump ................................ ................................ ................................ 389, 508 Slurry Seal ................................ ................................ ................................ . 364 Snowplowable reflective pavement markers ................................ ... 791, 1012 Sod Care ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 890 Establishment ................................ ................................ ........................ 890 Material ................................ ................................ ................................ . 887 Placement ................................ ................................ .............................. 889 Removing and storing for resetting ................................ ....................... 889 Repair ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 773 Weather limitations ................................ ................................ ............... 889 Sodium chloride ................................ ................................ ...................... 1017 Soil Cement Base ................................ ................................ ...................... 230 Special provisions, definition of ................................ ................................ . 10 Specialty Item, definition of ................................ ................................ ........ 10 Specifications Conformity with ................................ ................................ ...................... 36 Coordination ................................ ................................ ........................... 37 Definition of ................................ ................................ ............................ 10 Spiking, timber structures ................................ ................................ ......... 424 Splices, electrical conductor ................................ ................................ ...... 764 Splicing material for light wire ................................ ............................... 1001 Spread footings ................................ ................................ ......................... 522 Spreading Index 1057 Aggregate, bituminous seal coat ................................ ........................... 293 Aggregate -Lime-Fly Ash Base Course ................................ ................. 267 Asphalt mixes ................................ ................................ ....................... 331 Cement, aggregate -cement base ................................ ............................ 254 Cement, soil cement base ................................ ................................ ...... 232 Mineral aggregate base ................................ ................................ ......... 224 Stability, embankments ................................ ................................ ............. 179 Stakes ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 879 Stakes, Lines, and Grades ................................ ................................ ........... 42 Standard Gradation for mix design ................................ ........................... 247 Standard Specifications, definition of ................................ ......................... 10 Staples ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1014 State, definition of ................................ ................................ ....................... 10 Station ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 101 Stationary mixing plant Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 255 Steam curing concrete ................................ ................................ ............... 626 Steel Cast ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 952 Corrosion resistant ................................ ................................ ................ 953 for signs ................................ ................................ ................................ 983 Forgings ................................ ................................ ................................ 952 Pipes ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 954 Shells ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 954 Stainless for signs ................................ ................................ ................. 984 Steel plate for cold working ................................ ................................ ...... 946 Steel Structures ................................ ................................ ......................... 428 Assembling ................................ ................................ ........................... 472 Erection ................................ ................................ ................................ . 470 Fabrication ................................ ................................ ............................ 463 Full size test of steel members ................................ .............................. 467 Identification ................................ ................................ ......................... 466 Misfits ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 472 Shop assembling ................................ ................................ ................... 438 Steps, manhole ................................ ................................ ........................ 1022 Stiffeners ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 464 Stock fence ................................ ................................ ................................ 956 Stockpiled Materials ................................ ................................ ................. 119 Stockpiling aggregate ................................ ................................ ................ 924 Stone Masonry ................................ ................................ .......................... 605 Arch rings ................................ ................................ ............................. 610 Back walls ................................ ................................ ............................. 611 Bridge seats ................................ ................................ ........................... 611 Index 1058 Classification ................................ ................................ ......................... 605 Copings ................................ ................................ ................................ . 611 Pointing ................................ ................................ ................................ . 609 Stone laying ................................ ................................ .......................... 607 Top walls ................................ ................................ ............................... 611 Storm sewers ................................ ................................ ............................. 578 Straightedge Testing Concrete pavement ................................ ................................ ................ 405 Strand cable ................................ ................................ ............................... 819 Street, definition of ................................ ................................ ....................... 7 Stress Relieving ................................ ................................ ........................ 465 Stress transfer ................................ ................................ ............................ 629 Stressing requirements, precast -prestressed concrete ................................ 621 Stringers, timber structures ................................ ................................ ....... 422 Stripping test, bituminous mat erial ................................ ........................... 310 Structural removal ................................ ................................ ..................... 130 Structural steel ................................ ................................ .......................... 946 Structural steel bridge railing ................................ ................................ .... 659 Structural steel piles ................................ ................................ .................. 954 Structural timber ................................ ................................ ....................... 971 Structure Excavation ................................ ................................ ................. 153 Structure excavation for pipes ................................ ................................ ... 581 Structures Concrete ................................ ................................ ................................ 499 Steel ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 428 Stumps ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 125 Subcontractor, definition of ................................ ................................ ........ 10 Subgrade Bituminous Material ................................ ................................ ............. 211 Checking ................................ ................................ ............................... 185 Compaction ................................ ................................ ........................... 184 construction and preparation ................................ ................................ . 183 Drainage and protection ................................ ................................ ........ 184 Equipment ................................ ................................ ............................. 211 Preparation (soil cement) ................................ ................................ ...... 232 Treatment (lime) ................................ ................................ ................... 210 Subgrade preparation Curb and gutter ................................ ................................ ..................... 689 Ditch paving ................................ ................................ .......................... 693 Driveways ................................ ................................ ............................. 682 Median pavement ................................ ................................ .................. 682 Sidewalks ................................ ................................ .............................. 682 Subgrade, definition of ................................ ................................ ................ 10 Index 1059 Substructure, definition of ................................ ................................ .......... 10 Superintendent, definition of ................................ ................................ ...... 10 Superstructure, definition of ................................ ................................ ....... 10 Supplemental Specification, definition of ................................ ................... 11 Supports Overhead signs ................................ ................................ .............. 752, 985 Traffic signal ................................ ................................ ......................... 851 Surety, definition of ................................ ................................ .................... 11 Surface preparation Asphalt concrete ................................ ................................ ................... 361 for paint ................................ ................................ ................................ . 482 Prime coat ................................ ................................ ............................. 280 Signs ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 986 Slurry seal and micro -surfacing ................................ ............................ 373 Tack coat ................................ ................................ ............................... 285 Surface requirements Asphalt base ................................ ................................ .......................... 249 Asphalt paving ................................ ................................ ...................... 339 Asphalt surface ................................ ................................ ..................... 361 Cold mix ................................ ................................ ............................... 350 Mineral aggregate base ................................ ................................ ......... 227 Surface Requirements for treated permeable base ................................ .... 273 Surface tolerance Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 Concrete base ................................ ................................ ........................ 239 Survey ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 42 Suspending pipe drains ................................ ................................ ............. 597 Suspension, temporary ................................ ................................ ................ 90 Suspensions ................................ ................................ ................................ . 22 swampy areas ................................ ....................... See Clearing and Grubbing Switches ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 1000 Tack coat ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 284 Application ................................ ................................ ............................ 285 application temperatures ................................ ................................ ....... 285 bituminous materials ................................ ................................ ............. 284 Surface preparation ................................ ................................ ............... 285 Taxes ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 66 Temperature Asphalt ................................ ................................ .................. 301, 314, 328 Tack coat ................................ ................................ ............................... 284 Temporary pavement marking ................................ ................................ .. 743 Temporary structures ................................ ................................ ................ 661 Temporary supports for structural steel ................................ .................... 471 Index 1060 Temporary traffic control ................................ ................................ .......... 731 Temporary traffic control plan ................................ ................................ .. 744 Tendons, prestressing ................................ ................................ ................ 639 Tension wire, chain link fence ................................ ................................ .. 962 Termination ................................ ................................ ................................ . 95 Convenience ................................ ................................ ............................ 97 Default ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 95 Without Fault ................................ ................................ .......................... 97 Terms ................................ ................................ ...................... See Definitions Test piles ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 565 Testing ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 59 Field Laboratory ................................ ................................ ...................... 60 Retesting ................................ ................................ ................................ . 63 Texture coat for concrete ................................ ................................ ........ 1024 Thermoplastic pavement marking ................................ ............................. 785 Thickness Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 Aggregate -Lime-Fly Ash Base Course ................................ ................. 268 Asphalt base ................................ ................................ .......................... 250 Concrete base ................................ ................................ ........................ 240 Mineral aggregate surface ................................ ................................ ..... 278 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ............................ 234 Threads for bolts and pins ................................ ................................ ......... 466 Tie bars ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 943 Tile, drain ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 978 Timber ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 971 Grades ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 971 Piles ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 972 Rail ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 964 Timber protection ................................ ................................ ...................... 421 Timber Structures Concrete pedestals ................................ ................................ ................. 421 Erection ................................ ................................ ................................ . 424 Flooring ................................ ................................ ................................ . 423 Framing ................................ ................................ ................................ . 422 Mud sills................................ ................................ ................................ 421 Painting ................................ ................................ ................................ . 425 Posts for bents ................................ ................................ ....................... 422 Sills ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 422 Stringers ................................ ................................ ................................ 422 Time, contract definition of ................................ ................................ ........... 6 Time, project completion ................................ ................................ ............ 91 Tolerance Index 1061 Concrete base ................................ ................................ ........................ 240 Concrete pavement thickness ................................ ................................ 414 Precast-prestressed bridge units ................................ ............................ 631 Soil cement ................................ ................................ ........................... 234 Top rail, chain link fence ................................ ................................ .......... 960 Tops of walls Brick masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 615 Stone masonry ................................ ................................ ....................... 611 Topsoil ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 882 for landscape plants ................................ ................................ ............... 879 Stripping, stockpiling, and placing ................................ ....................... 146 Traffic Aggregate cement base ................................ ................................ ......... 256 On soil cement ................................ ................................ ...................... 235 Opening Sections of a Project to ................................ ............................. 48 Traffic cones ................................ ................................ ............................. 732 Traffic signal coordination ................................ ................................ ........ 851 Traffic signal supports ................................ ................................ .............. 851 Traffic signals ................................ ................................ ........................... 808 Transfer of stress ................................ ................................ ....................... 629 Transformer base ................................ ................................ ...................... 815 Transverse Joints ................................ ................................ ....... 400, 401, 402 Treated Permeable Base ................................ ................................ ............ 270 Tree Planting ................................ ................................ ................................ . 880 Pruning ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 881 Setting ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 880 Staking ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 881 Wrapping ................................ ................................ .............................. 881 Trees, remove d ................................ ................................ .......................... 125 Tremie ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 540 Trimming ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 897 Truss rods, chain link fence ................................ ................................ ...... 962 Turnbuckle, chain link fence ................................ ................................ ..... 962 Unacceptable Work ................................ ................................ ..................... 48 Unauthorized Work ................................ ................................ ..................... 48 Undercutting ................................ ................................ ..................... 141, 145 Underdrains ................................ ................................ ............................... 722 Aggregate ................................ ................................ .............................. 723 Aggregate with pipe ................................ ................................ .............. 723 Filtercloth ................................ ................................ .............................. 724 Underground cable ................................ ................................ .................... 763 Underground Storage Tanks ................................ ................................ ..... 133 Index 1062 Underwater concrete ................................ ................................ ................. 539 unit of payment ................................ ................................ ......................... 101 Unsuitable Material ................................ ................................ ................... 146 Unsuitable Soil ................................ ................................ .......................... 144 Utilities, cooperation with ................................ ................................ ........... 40 Value Engineering Change Proposal ................................ ........................... 29 Vibrating concrete ................................ ................................ ..................... 538 Vitrified clay pipe ................................ ................................ ..................... 978 Voltage test ................................ ................................ ............................... 771 Warm Mix Asphalt ................................ ................................ .................... 329 Process Equipment ................................ ................................ ................ 316 Washers for timber structures ................................ ................................ .............. 424 Water ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 879 for concrete ................................ ................................ ......................... 1015 Water crossings ................................ ................................ ......................... 964 Water for curing concrete ................................ ................................ ......... 976 Water gates ................................ ................................ ................................ 964 Water reducer (high range) for concrete ................................ ................................ ..... 1018 accelerator for concrete ................................ ................................ ....... 1018 for concrete ................................ ................................ ......................... 1017 retarder for concrete ................................ ................................ ............ 1017 Water Well Abandonment ................................ ................................ ........ 134 Watering, landscape ................................ ................................ .................. 884 Waterproofing ................................ ................................ ................... 549, 940 Waterstops ................................ ................................ ................................ . 549 Waterstops ................................ ................................ ............................... 1019 Watertightness, sanitary sewers ................................ ................................ 590 Weather limitations, sod ................................ ................................ ........... 889 Web plates ................................ ................................ ................................ . 463 Weep holes ................................ ................................ ................................ 527 Weighing of ste el members ................................ ................................ ....... 467 Welded wire reinforcement ................................ ................................ ....... 944 Welds ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 460 Wheel Guards ................................ ................................ ............................ 423 Wire assemblies for posttensioning ................................ .......................... 944 Wire installation, overhead ................................ ................................ ....... 770 Wire strand, seven wire for prestressed concrete ................................ ...... 944 Wire ties, chain link fence ................................ ................................ ......... 962 Wire, Barbed ................................ ................................ ..................... 958, 961 Wiring ................................ ................................ ............................... 819, 998 Wood light poles ................................ ................................ ............... 766, 767 Index 1063 Work Methods ................................ ................................ ............................ 89 Work Order ................................ ................................ ........................... 11, 81 Work, definition of ................................ ................................ ..................... 11 Work, extra, definition of ................................ ................................ .............. 7 Workers ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 89 Working days ................................ ................................ .............................. 91 Working Days ................................ ................................ ............................. 11 Working drawing, definition of ................................ ................................ .. 11 Working Drawings ................................ ................................ ...................... 34 Wrapping trees ................................ ................................ .......................... 881 Yard lumber ................................ ................................ .............................. 971 Zinc, inorganic paint system ................................ ................................ ..... 970
Source: Tennessee Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2021 Edition. Pages 1024–1072 of 1,072.