908.01 946 SECTION 908 – STRUCTURAL STEEL AND APPURTENANT MATERIALS
908.01 Structural Steel ................................ ................................ ............. 946
908.02 Plate for Cold Working ................................ ................................ 946
908.03 Permanent Steel Bridge Deck Forms ................................ ........... 947
908.04 High Strength Structural Bolts ................................ ..................... 947
908.05 Cast Steel ................................ ................................ ..................... 952
908.06 Steel Forgings ................................ ................................ .............. 952
908.07 Gray Iron Castings ................................ ................................ ....... 952
908.08 Malleable Castings ................................ ................................ ....... 953
908.09 Bronze Bearing P lates, Plain ................................ ........................ 953
908.10 Bronze Bearing Plates, Self -Lubricating ................................ ...... 953
908.11 Corrosion Resistant Steel ................................ ............................. 953
908.12 Elastomeric Bearing Pads ................................ ............................ 953
908.13 Copper Sheet for Flashing ................................ ............................ 954
908.14 Pig Lead ................................ ................................ ....................... 954
908.15 Structural Steel Piles ................................ ................................ .... 954
908.16 Steel Shells ................................ ................................ ................... 954
908.17 Steel Pipes ................................ ................................ .................... 954
908.01 Structural Steel
Unless otherwise specified, provide steel plate conforming to ASTM A709, Grade 50 or 50W, and bar stock and rolled shapes conforming to ASTM A709 Grade 50S.
908.02 Plate for Cold Working
Provide plate, that is to be bent or formed cold during fabrication, that conforms to ASTM A283, Grade C. 908.03 947 908.03 Permanent Steel Bridge Deck Forms Fabricate permanent steel bridge deck forms and supports from steel conforming to ASTM A653 (SS Grades 33 through 80) and having a coating Class G 165 in accordance with ASTM A653.
908.04 High Stre ngth Structural Bolts
Provide bolts, nuts, and washers that are manufactured in the United States, from steel smelted and manufactured in the United States, and that conform to the following requirements :
A.Specifications Unless otherwise shown on the Plans, all bolts, nuts and washers shall be coated with acceptable coating in accordance with ASTM F3125 for the respective grade . Provide bolts, nuts, and washers that conform to the following requirements :
1.Bolts. ASTM F3125, Grade 325 and Grade 490 – High Strength Bolts for Structural Joints.
2.Nuts. ASTM A563 - Carbon and Alloy, heat treated Steel Nuts, Grades DH and DH3.
3.Washers
a.ASTM F436 – Hardened Steel Washers.
b.ASTM F959 – Compressible Washer Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with High Strength Bolts.
B.Manufacturing
1.Bolts. Hardness for bolt diameters 1/2 to 1 inch inclusive shall be as specified in Table 908.04 -1. 908.04 948 Table 908.04 -1: Hardness Number Bolt Size Brinell Rockwell C Min Max Min Max 1/2 to 1 inch 248 311 24 33
2.Nuts. Provide p lain nuts of grades DH or DH3 , and galvanized nuts of grade DH.
3.Marking. Mark all bolts, nuts, and washers in accordance with the appropriate AASHTO/ASTM Specifications .
C.Testing Only provide high strength bolts, nuts, and washers that have been certified to have met the specified tests identified in thei r individual ASTM Specification designations, both as individual components, and as assemblies (bolts, nuts, and washers).
1.Bolts
a.Perform proof load tests, in accordance with ASTM F606 Method 1, at the minimum frequency of testing specified in ASTM A325 paragraph 9.2.4.
b.Perform wedge tests on full size bolts, in accordance with ASTM F606 paragraph 3.5, at the minimum frequency of testing specified in ASTM A325 paragraph 9.2.4.
2.Nuts. Perform proof load tests, in accordance with ASTM F606 paragraph 4.2, at the minimum frequency of testing specified in ASTM A563 paragraph 9.
3.Assemblies. The manufacturer or distributor shall perform rotational -capacity tests on all bolt, nut, and washer assemblies prior to shipping as specified in 602.17.E.1 and 602.17.E. 2. Perform this testing for complete assemblies each day at the site of bolting in accordance with the following: 908.04 949 a. Except as modified herein, perform the rotational -capacity test in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F3215 Grade A325.
b.Test each combination of bolt production lot, nut lot, and washer lot as an assembly. Where washers are not required by the installation procedures, do not include them in the lot identification.
c.Assign a rotational -capacity lot number to each combination of lots tested.
d.Test a minimum of two assemblies per rotational -capacity lot.
e.Assemble the bolt, nut, and washer assembly in a Skidmore -Wilhelm Calibrator or an acceptable equivalent device (note - this requirement supersedes the current ASTM F3125 Grade A325 requirement that the test be performed in a steel joint). For short bolts that are too short to be assembled in the Skidmore -Wilhelm Calibrator, see
908.04 C.3.i .
f.The minimum rotation, fro m a snug tight condition (10% of the specified proof load), shall be as specified in Table
908.04 2.
Table 908.04 -2: Rotation from Snug Tight Condition Bolt Length Minimum Rotation from Snug Up to and including 4 diameters 240 degrees (2/3 turn) Over 4 diameters, but not exceeding 8 diameters 360 degrees (1 turn) Over 8 diameters 480 degrees (1 -1/3 turn) (Note: These values differ from those shown in ASTM F3125.) 908.04 950 g. The tension reached at the above rotation shall be equal to or greater than 1.15 times the required installation tension as specified in Table 908.04 -3. Table 908.04-3: Installation Tension and Turn Test Tension Bolt Diameter (inches) Required Installation Tension (kips) Turn Test Tension (kips) 1/2 12 14 5/8 19 22 3/4 28 32 7/8 39 45 1 51 59 1-1/8 56 64 1-1/4 71 82 1-3/8 85 98 1-1/2 103 118
h.After the required installation tension, as specified in Table
908.04 3 has been exceeded, take and record one reading
of tension and torque. The torque value shall conform to the following: Torque < 0.25 PD Where: Torque = measured torque (foot -pounds) P = measured bolt tension (pounds) D = bolt diameter (feet)
i.Bolts that are too short to test in a Skidmore -Wilhelm Calibrator may be tested in a steel joint. The tension requirement of 908.04.C.3.g shall not apply. Compute the maximum torqu e requirement, as specified in
908.04 C.3.h , using a value of P equal to the turn test
tension shown in Table 908.04 -3. 908.04 951 D. Documentation
1.Mill Test Report(s) (MTR)
a.Furnish MTR for all mill steel used in the manufacture of the bolts, nuts, and washers.
b.In the MTR, indicate the place where the material was melted and manufactured.
2.Manufacturer Certified Test Report(s) (MCTR)
a.Provide MCTR from the manufacturer of the bolts, nuts, and washers for the items furnished.
b.Each MCTR shall show c onformance to all applicable test requirements, the sites where tests were performed, and the date of the tests.
c.In addition to the requirements of 908.04.D.2.a and
908.04 D.2.b , the manufacturer performing the rotational -
capacity test shall include on the MCTR:
1.The lot number of each of the items tested.
2.The rotational -capacity lot number as required in
908.04 C.3.c .
3.The results of tests required in 908.04.C.3 .
4.The location where the bolt assembly components were manufactured.
3.Distributor Certified Test Report(s) (DCTR)
a.The DCTR shall include the MCTR data required in
908.04 D.2 above for the various bolt assembly
components.
b.The DCTR shall report the rotational -capacity test performed by the distributor or manufacturer . 908.05 952 E. Shipping Ship bolts, nuts, and washers from each rotational -capacity lot in the same container. If there is only one production lot number for each size of nut and washer, the nuts and washers may be shipped in separate containers. Permanently mark each c ontainer with the rotational - capacity lot number to allow identification at any stage before installation.
908.05 Cast Steel
Provide steel castings conforming to ASTM A27, Grade 65 -35.
908.06 Steel Forgings
Provide steel forgings conforming to ASTM A668, Class C1, Annealed. The manufacturer shall furnish the Engineer a record of the annealing charges, showing the forgings in each charge, the melt or melts from which they were secured, the chemical analyses of the respective melts, and the details of the annealing treatment.
908.07 Gray Iron Castings
Provide castings of the type specified and within reasonably close conformity with the dimensions shown on the Plans. The castings shall conform to AASHTO M 105, with the following additions:
1.Unless otherwise specified , all castings shall be Class 30.
2.Cast test bars for tension testing in accordance with AASHTO M 105, Table 2 , Test Bar B.
3.Clean all castings of sand and scale by sand blasting or other effective methods to present a smooth, clean, and uniform surface.
4.Cast the date of manufacture into all g ray iron castings.
5.The lid and lid seat of the rim of manhole ca stings shall be machined to form a true bearing.
6.All castings shall weigh at least 95% of the theoretical weight shown on the Plans. 908.08 953 Furnish the Engineer a certification from the manufacturer identifying each heat number and certifying that the requirem ents from AASHTO M 105 and the above additions have been met.
908.08 Malleable Castings
Provide castings conforming to ASTM A47, Grade 35018.
908.09 Bronze Bearing Plates , Plain
Provide plates conforming to ASTM B22, Alloy UNS No. C 91100, or ASTM B100, Alloy No. 510.
908.10 Bronze Bearing Plates, Self -Lubricating
Prepare plates from metal conforming to 908.09. Provide plates with trepanned or drilled recesses (not grooves) to the extent of not less than 25% of their surface areas . The recesses shall be filled by pressure to produce dense non -plastic, lubricating inserts consisting of graphite and metallic substances, held together by a lubricating binder. Wit h each lot of plates, the manufacturer shall supply additional lubricating material in stick form for applying to the surfaces of the steel plates that bear on and move over the lubricating bronze plates. Furnish the plates from standard production stock b y approved manufacturers.
908.11 Corrosion Resistant Steel
Provide corrosion resistant steel conforming to ASTM A588. Furnish the Engineer a certification from the manufacturer that covers each heat number to be used in th e Work and that clearly shows that all requirements of this Specification have been met.
908.12 Elastomeric Bearing Pads
For use as bearings for bridge beams, provide elastomeric bearing pads conforming to Section 18 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. 908.13 954 Unless otherwise specified, provide bearing pads having a shear modulus between 0.080 and 0.175 ksi. The manufacturer shall provide certified reports on the lot from which eac h shipment is made, based on tests conducted in its own laboratory or a commercial laboratory designated or approved by the Engineer.
908.13 Copper Sheet for Flashing
Provide sheet copper confo rming to ASTM B152 and having a weight per square foot as shown on the Plans.
908.14 Pig Lead
Provide pig lead, conforming to ASTM B29, of common desilverized lead.
908.15 Structural Steel Piles
Provide rolled steel sections of the weight and shape shown on the Plans and that meet the requirements of ASTM A572 or A992, Grade 50 (H -piles) and ASTM A252, Grade 2 or 3 (pipe piles). Do not use steel manufactured by the acid-bessemer process. Ensure that steel piles, when placed in the leads, will not exceed the camber and sweep permitted by the allowable mill tolerance. The Engineer will reject piles that are bent or otherwise damaged.
908.16 Steel Shells
Use steel shells of sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand being driven and to prevent harmful distortion caused by soil pressures or the driving of adjacent piles. Ensure that the shells are sufficiently tight to exclu de water during the placing of concrete. The tip and butt diameters shall be as shown on the Plans. Equip shells to be driven without a mandrel with heavy steel driving points. Ensure that the driving points and the connecting welds do not project beyon d the perimeter of the pile tips.
908.17 Steel Pipes
Steel pipe to be filled with concrete shall conform to ASTM A252, Grade 2. Closure plates for closed end piles shall conform to ASTM A36. Provide pipes of the diamet er shown on the Plans. The wall thickness shall not be less than that shown on the Plans, but in no case less than 3/16 inch. 908.17 955 Provide pipe, including end closures, of sufficient strength to be driven by the specified methods without harmful distortion. Ensure that closure plates and connecting welds do not project beyond the perimeter of the pile tips. 909.01 956 SECTION 909 – FENCE, GUARD RAIL AND BARRIER
909.01 Stock Fence ................................ ................................ .................. 956
909.02 Chain Link Fence ................................ ................................ ......... 958
909.03 Fence Gates ................................ ................................ .................. 962
909.04 Wate r Gates and Water Crossings ................................ ................ 964
909.05 Metal Beam Rail ................................ ................................ .......... 964
909.06 Timber Rail ................................ ................................ .................. 964
909.07 Guard Rail Posts ................................ ................................ ........... 964
909.08 Guard Rail Hardware ................................ ................................ ... 964
909.01 Stock Fence
Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor may choose the type and kind of line post to use, whether wood or steel, and the finish, whether painted or galvanized. Do not change from using one type or kind to the other without the Engineer’s written permission. Provide corner posts, end posts, braced line posts, and all fittings and accessories of the same kind and finish as the line post.
A.Fabric Unless otherwise specified, provide fabric conforming to one of the following:
1.Galvanized steel woven wire meeting ASTM A116 for No. 11 Farm Design No. 1047 -6-11, Class III Coating, or
2.Galvanized high tensile strength steel woven wire meeting ASTM A116 for No. 12 -1/2 Farm Design, Class III Coating, except that the top and bottom strand shall be 10 -1/2 gauge and the yield strength shall be equivalent to No. 1 1 Farm Design No. 1047-6-11.
B.Steel Posts and Braces Provide one of the following types of steel line posts, of the lengths shown on the Plans:
Source: Tennessee Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2021 Edition. Pages 955–964 of 1,072.