240234.02—Detail Requirements Beads shall be manufactured from glass of a composition designed to be highly resistant to traffic wear and weather. Glass beads shall conform to AASHTO M247, Type 1-5, except that at least 80 percent of the beads shall be round when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1155, Procedure B. The Contractor shall provide a written certification that each batch of glass beads used in or on VDOT pavement markings conforms to AASHTO M247 including the total concentration limit of Lead and Arsenic. SECTION 235—RETROREFLECTORS
235.01 Description
Retroreflectors shall consist of a housing/backing with a retroreflective surface on the front and back, if applicable. Retroreflectors for delineators and pavement markers, except temporary markers, shall be molded of methyl methacrylate plastic conforming to Federal Specification L-P-380, Type I, Class 3. Retroreflectors for temporary pavement markers shall have a surface consisting of reflective sheeting or a plastic prismatic element. The housing/backing for temporary pavement markers shall be constructed of methyl methacrylate plastic conforming to Federal Specification L-P-380, Type I, Class 3. Delineators and pavement markers shall be approved by reviewing performance data from one or both of the following test programs:
a.AASHTO’ s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (AASHTO/NTPEP). Test data values used for approval may be based upon the data generated per the applicable NTPEP Work Plan.
b.VDOT Test Facility – VDOT may elect to evaluate performance from their own test facility.
235.02 Detail Requirements
a.Steel castings for snowplowable pavement markers shall conform to ASTM A536, hardened to 52-54 RC, and shall weigh approximately 5 1/2 pounds. Keels shall be parallel, approximately 0.70 inch thick by 1.90 inches deep, and shall have notched edges. The forward and rear noses of the casting shall be shaped to deflect snowplow blades. Castings shall retain their hardness after removal of adhesives and other foreign residues or shall be capable of conforming to the specified hardness with additional heat treating to ensure the castings can be recycled.
b.Plastic panels for delineators shall be at least 0.080 inch thick, have a minimum tensile strength at yield of 5,000 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D638. Plastic panels shall also have minimum impact strengths of 2.0 foot-pounds per inch of notch at –20 degrees F and 14.0 foot-pounds per inch of notch at 73 degrees F when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D256, Method A. The panels shall be flexible and able to recoil 234.02 241to within 5 degrees of vertical after impact. Panels shall not deteriorate when exposed to UV rays, petroleum products, ozone, deicing salts, exhaust fumes, or herbicides.
c.Aluminum panels for delineators shall be at least 0.064 inch thick conforming to ASTM B-209, alloy 5052.
d.Delineators shall have the retroreflective surface and the housing/backing fused to form a homogenous unit sealed against dust, water, and vapor. Retroreflectors shall show no change in shape or color when subjected to 4 hours in a circulating air oven at 170 degrees F to 180 degrees F . The adhesion system shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. Refer to VTM 70 for additional Delineator Testing Requirements. The specific intensity shall be not less than the following values: Entrance Angle Observation Angle Specific Intensity (cd/FC) Clear Y ellow 0° 0.1° 119 71 20° 0.1° 47 28
e.Raised, recessed, and snowplowable raised pavement markers shall have a retroreflective surface area not less than 1.4 square inches, and the slope of the reflective surfaces shall not be less than 30 degrees or more than 33 degrees when measured from the pavement surface. The reflective surface shall be protected with a bonded glass face or coated with a clear acrylic compound that uses a UV inhibitor. Refer to VTM 71 for additional Pavement Marker Testing Requirements. The specific intensity shall not be less than the following values when tested in accordance with VTM-71: Raised and Recessed Pavement Markers Entrance Angle Observation Angle Specific Intensity (cd/FC) White Y ellow Red 0° 0.2° 3.0 1.8 0.75 20° 0.2° 1.2 0.72 0.25 The crushing strength shall not be less than 4,000 pounds when tested in accordance with VTM-71. Raised and recessed pavement markers shall be at least 4 inches and not more than 4.75 inches in width and not more than 0.55 inch in height. Retroreflectors for snowplowable raised pavement markers shall be installed in steel castings conforming to (a) herein and shall have a nominal width of 4 inches excluding the castings.
f.Temporary pavement markers shall have a retroreflective surface not less than 1.0 square inch. The specific intensity shall not be less than the following values: Entrance Angle Observation Angle Specific Intensity (cd/FC) White Y ellow 0° 0.2° 3.0 1.8 20° 0.2° 1.2 0.72235.02 242SECTION 236—WOOD PRODUCTS
236.01 Description
These specifications cover the uses and requirements for structural timber and lumber, miscellaneous wood products, and preservative treatments for such wood products where specified.
236.02 Detail Requirements
a.Structural timber and lumber shall conform to AASHTO M168. The species and grade of structural lumber shall be as shown on the plans. The Engineer may approve the substitution of another species of equal or greater strength selected from the “Allowable Unit Stresses for Struc - tural Lumber—Visually Graded” of AASHTO’ s Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges or the supplement to National Design Specification for Stress-Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings of the National Forest Products Association. Except as otherwise specified, the species and grade of structural lumber, timber, and posts for the following applications shall be as follows:
1.Bridges shall be at least 1,550 Fb and: • 5 inch by 5 inch and larger: Southern Pine, No. 1 Dense. • 2 inch through 4 inch by 2 inch through 4 inch: Southern Pine, No. 2 Dense. • 2 inch through 4 inch by 5 inch and through 6 inch: Southern Pine, No. 1. • 2 inch through 4 inch by 8 inch only: Southern Pine, No. 1 Dense. • 2 inch through 4 inch by 10 inch only: Southern Pine, Non-Dense Select Structural. • 2 inch through 4 inch by 12 inch only: Southern Pine, Non-Dense Select Structural.
2.Signs shall be at least 1,100 Fb with material being dressed on all sides and: • 4 inches and less in the least dimension: Southern Pine, No. 2 Non-Dense. • Over 4 inches in the least dimension: Southern Pine, No. 1.
3.Guardrail shall be at least 1,250 Fb Southern Pine, No. 1 Dense.
4.Fence shall be Southern Pine, No. 2, for line, corner, and brace units.
5.Signalization and electrical service shall conform to ANSI Class 5.1. Sawn material, both rough and dressed, shall be certified by the mill as to grade and shall be grade marked in ac - cordance with the grading rules and basic provisions of the American Lumber Standards (PS- 20-70) by a lumber grading or inspection bureau or agency approved by the Department. The grade mark shall be applied after dressing if the sawn material is dressed.
b.Timber piles shall conform to ASTM D25. Piles shall be clean peeled and have a butt circum- ference of at least 31 inches. The Engineer will accept piles for fender systems or other non–load 236.01
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 268–269 of 1,065.