704—PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND MARKERS

704.01 Description

This work shall consist of establishing the location of retroreflective pavement markings and installing pavement markings and pavement markers in accordance with the MUTCD, the Contract, and as directed by the Engineer. 861704.03

704.02 Materials

704.03 Procedures

Once received by the Contractor, the Contractor shall store all materials in accordance with the manufacturer’ s instructions until the day of installation, unless the Engineer otherwise authorizes. Pavement marking material shall not be installed if the material has exceeded its shelf life, has been improperly stored, has deteriorated or is otherwise damaged. The Contractor shall furnish a copy of the manufacturer’ s installation instructions to the Engineer prior to installation. The Contractor shall have a certified Pavement Marking Technician present during all temporary pavement marking, permanent pavement marking, and pavement marker operations. All pavement markings and markers shall be installed on new roadways prior to opening the roadways to traffic. Temporary or permanent pavement marking installation, including edge lines and message markings, shall be completed within the time limits stated herein on existing roadways where the pavement markings have been removed or obscured and the roadway is to be reopened to traffic, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The Engineer will only authorize exceptions to these time limits for weather conditions preventing installation, when pavement surface conditions required by the manufacturer or these specifications such as cooling, curing, or aging limit application prior to the installation of permanent markings, or when Type B, Class VI marking material is to be inlaid into the freshly paved asphalt concrete roadway surface. Epoxy resin and polyurea pavement markings shall be installed on new pavement in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. Pavement markings shall not be installed on new asphalt concrete pavement until the pavement mat has cooled sufficiently to support the pavement marking equipment without deformation. Time limits for installation are as follow: • Pavement marking installation on interstates, other freeways (fully limited-access, divided roadway with two or more lanes per direction) with posted speed limit of 55 mph or greater, and interstate/freeway ramps, where the corresponding pavement markings were removed, eradicated, or obscured shall be completed prior to opening the lane to traffic. 862704.03 • Pavement marking installation on non-freeway roads having traffic volumes of 10,000 ADT or more shall be completed within 24 hours after the end of the workday when the corresponding existing pavement markings were removed, eradicated, or obscured. • Pavement marking installation on non-freeway roads having traffic volumes between 3,000 and 10,000 ADT shall be completed within 48 hours after the end of the workday when the corresponding existing pavement markings were removed, eradicated, or obscured. • Pavement marking installation on non-freeway roads having traffic volumes of less than 3,000 ADT shall be completed within 72 hours after the end of the workday when the corresponding existing pavement markings were removed or obscured. If an approach to a signalized intersection has (a) two or more approach through lanes, (b) 45 mph or greater speed limit, (c) greater than 3000 ADT, and (d) all markings on that approach are obliterated, then all lane lines and centerlines within 250 feet of the stop line location shall be temporarily or permanently marked within 24 hours of opening the approach to traffic, unless a time extension is approved by the Engineer and “Unmarked Pavement Ahead” or “No Center Line” warning signs were properly installed when the unmarked approach was first opened to traffic as per the VWAPM. • Temporary symbol/message markings and temporary edge lines, if required by the Contract, shall be marked within 72 hours after the end of the work day when the corresponding existing markings were obscured, removed, or eradicated on roads with 10,000 or greater ADT, and shall be marked within 96 hours after the end of the work day when the corresponding existing markings were obscured, removed, or eradicated on roads with less than 10,000 ADT. If the Contractor cannot have permanent pavement markings installed within the time limits specified, the Contractor shall install temporary pavement markings within the same time limits and maintain such markings until the permanent pavement markings can be installed. The cost of installing, maintaining, and removing/eradicating temporary pavement markings shall be at no additional cost to the Department unless otherwise indicated in the Contract or directed by the Engineer. The Contractor may mark the locations of proposed permanent markings on the roadway by installing premarking materials. Premarkings may be accomplished by installing Type D (removable, any class) tape, chalk, or lumber crayons, except pavement markings such as stop lines, crosswalks, messages, hatching, etc., shall be premarked using chalk or lumber crayons. Premarkings shall be of the same general color as the pavement markings being premarked. When tape is used as a premarking material, premarking shall consist of 4-inch by 4-inch-maximum squares or 4-inch-maximum diameter circles spaced at 100-foot minimum intervals in tangent sections and 50-foot minimum intervals in curved sections. At locations where the pavement marking will switch colors, e.g., gore marking, the ends of the markings may be premarked regardless of the spacing. When the Contractor uses chalk or lumber crayon as a premarking, the entire length of the proposed pavement marking may be premarked. Premarkings shall be installed so their installation will not affect the adhesion of the permanent pavement markings. When Type D tape is used as the premarking material and the lateral location of such premarkings to location of the final pavement markings exceeds 6 inches, the Type D premarkings shall be removed at no additional cost to the Department. 863704.03 Permanent pavement markings shall not be installed over temporary paint if the paint exceeds the maximum allowable specified thickness in Table VII-3 or is not fully dry. If the temporary paint is not located directly underneath the location where the permanent markings are to be installed, it shall be 100% eradicated prior to installation of the permanent markings at no additional cost to the Department. The Contractor shall exercise caution and protect the public from damage while performing pavement marking operations. The Contractor shall be responsible for the complete preparation of the pavement surface, including, but not limited to, removing dust, dirt, loose particles, oily residues, curing compounds, concrete laitance, residues from eradication, and other foreign matter immediately prior to installing pavement markings. The pavement surface shall be clean and dry at the time of pavement marking installation and shall be tested in accordance with VTM-94 prior to permanent installation. The Contractor shall provide the apparatus indicated in VTM-94 that are needed to perform the moisture test prior to application. Liquid markings shall be applied so as to prevent splattering and overspray and shall be protected from traffic until track free by the use of traffic control guarding or warning devices as necessary. If a vehicle crosses a pavement marking and tracks it or if splattering or overspray occurs, the affected marking and resultant tracking, overspray, or splattering shall be completely removed and new markings applied at the Contractor’ s expense. Truck-mounted equipment for application of liquid long line Type B markings shall be capable of hot applying liquid and/or plastic markings and broadcasting glass beads uniformly over the entire surface of the marking. Truck mounted equipment tanks shall be equipped with a mechanical agitator to keep the pavement marking materials thoroughly mixed at all times. Materials shall be blended, heated, and applied in accordance with the manufacturer’ s installation instructions. Markings shall be applied in widths of 4 through 8 inches in accordance with the the Plans and Specifications. Equipment shall be capable of applying two pavement lines, either solid or skip, at the same time when double line markings are required. Non-truck mounted equipment shall be self-propelled and regulated to allow for calibration of the amount and type of material applied. The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that equipment is thoroughly cleaned between changes in colors or types of materials. Markings shall not be installed directly over longitudinal pavement joints, except to cross the joint perpendicularly or at an angle. Pavement markings shall have clean and well-defined edges without running, bleeding or deformation. Markings shall be uniform in appearance, free of waviness; (waviness is defined as the edge of the mark - ing shall not vary from a straight line more than 1/4 inch in three feet or more than one inch in fifty feet for a maximum distance of 500 feet); shall be straight on tangent alignment; and shall be on a true arc on curved alignment. The widths of pavement markings shall not deviate more than 1/4 inch on tangent nor more than 1/2 inch on curves from the required width. The length of the gap and the length of the individual stripes that form skip lines shall not deviate more than two inches from their required lengths. The length of the gap and individual skip line shall be of such uniformity throughout the entire length of each that a normal striping machine shall be able to repeat the pattern and superimpose additional striping upon the existing marking. 864704.03 Glass beads and retroreflective optics shall be applied at the rate specified herein or as specified in the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List for the specific pavement marking product. Beads and optics shall be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the marking. The Contractor shall apply beads to the surface of liquid markings with a bead dispenser attached to the applicator that shall uniformly dispense beads simultaneously on and into the just-applied marking. The bead dispenser shall be equipped with a cut-off control synchronized with the applied marking material cut off control so that the beads are applied totally on the marking. Beads shall be applied while the liquid marking is still fluid. Approximately seventy (70) percent of beads shall be buried in the marking, and the remaining 30 percent shall be 50 to 60 percent embedded in the marking’ s surface unless otherwise specified by the pavement marking manufacturer. Beads installed on crosswalks and stop lines on roadways with curbs only (no gutter) may be hand applied for two feet at the end of each line next to the curb with 100 percent of the beads embedded 50 to 60 percent into the marking’ s surface. The Engineer will make a visual evaluation of the pavement marking material to assess the condition, retroreflectivity, and color after its installation and again prior to final acceptance. The Department, the Contractor, and the marking manufacturer’ s representative will make a further inspection if problem areas are suspected to identify specific areas of concern. If required by the Engineer, the suspect areas shall be tested by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer in accordance with VTM-125 to define the evaluation sections and the number of measurements needed. Acceptable test results shall meet the retroreflectivity and color requirements specified in Section 246. Markings that do not meet the requirements for retroreflectivity and day and nighttime color specified in Section 246 shall be eradicated and replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the Department. Pavement markings that exhibit signs of significant tearing, deformation, shrinkage, roll back, lifting, or other signs of poor adhesion shall also be replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the Department. All costs associated with testing the marking material for retroreflectivity, color, and adhesion shall be borne by the Contractor. The Contractor will be paid for maintenance of traffic during this testing at the contract unit price for the maintenance of traffic items used. Pavement marking manufacturer’ s material guarantees shall be obtained by the Contractor and assigned to the Department in writing prior to final acceptance.

Division li — nes, edgelines, channelizing, outlining and marking safety zones around objects, and

forming islands and parking lot stalls.