287246.02 Physical Properties of Turbidity Curtain Fabric Physical Property Requirement Weight (oz/yd2) Type I 18 Type II 22 Type III 22 Grab Tensile Strength (ASTM D 4632) 300 lbs UV Inhibitor Required SECTION 246—P A VEMENT MARKING
246.01 Description
These specifications cover material for use in various retroreflective pavement-marking applications.
246.02 Detail Requirements
Materials that must be heated for application shall not exude fumes that are toxic or injurious to persons or property when heated to the application temperature. The marking material (including primers and adhesives) shall not be formulated with any compounds of the heavy metals listed in 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1, except that barium sulfate is allowed. Total heavy met - al levels, with the exception of barium sulfate, shall not exceed 20 times the specified regulatory limits. The marking material (including primers and adhesives) shall meet the Virginia Department of Envi - ronmental Quality (VDEQ) regulations (9 V AC 5-45, Articles 5 and 6) for V olatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Materials shall withstand air and roadway temperature variations from 0 - 140 degrees F without deform- ing, bleeding, staining, or discoloring and shall maintain their original dimensions and placement without excessive chipping, spalling, cracking, or loss of adhesion. Material shall not deteriorate because of contact with snow and ice control materials or oil and gasoline drippings from vehicles. Pavement marking materials shall produce a retroreflective line, message, legend or symbol of specified thickness, width or design in accordance with the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways and the Contract requirements. Pavement marking material shall have the pigment, glass beads, and filler well dispersed in the resin and shall be free from skins, dirt, and foreign objects. Glass Beads shall conform to Section 234. The amount and type of yellow pigment and inert filler for yellow material shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer provided the material complies with this specification. All marking materials shall be suitable for use up to 1 year after the date of manufacture when stored in accordance with manufacturer’ s instructions. Pavement marking and pavement marker materials shall conform to the specific requirements for the individual types as indicated hereinafter: 288246.02
a.Approval of Pavement Markings The Department will evaluate and approve pavement markings by reviewing performance test data from one or both of the following testing programs: • AASHTO’ s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (AASHTO/NTPEP) Testing Test data values used for approval will be based upon the data generated per the NTPEP , Pave - ment Marking Material Work Plan. Testing and evaluations shall be performed on a Northern Region test deck unless otherwise approved by the Materials Division. • VDOT Test Facility – VDOT may evaluate pavement marking performance from data generated at its own test facility. Test data values used for approval will be based upon the data generated by following the testing requirements in VTM-125, Evaluation of Pavement Markings on Road Surfaces. When pavement markings are installed on the NTPEP test deck or the VDOT facility, the material’s thickness, beads/reflective optic types, and formulation shall be documented to ensure the equivalent thickness, beads/reflective optic types and formulation are installed on VDOT roadways following approval. Approved pavement marking products later found not meeting the batch testing require - ments will be removed from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List. Black contrast pavement markings of paint, thermoplastic, epoxy, and polyurea shall be accepted based upon batch testing requirements listed herein (as applicable). Retroreflec - tivity, color, luminance (Y%), and road testing are not required for the black portion of the pavement markings. Black contrast tape requirements are listed in the applicable section below. Initial Approval Pavement marking products will be included on the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List after the Department determines conformance to the specifications on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete roadway surfaces. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’ s / NTPEP or other VDOT Test Facilities in accordance with the requirements for the respective pavement marking material types.
b.Certifications The pavement marking material manufacturer shall certify each batch or lot of material supplied and installed is the same product (thickness, reflective optic package and formulation) that was tested and approved on the AASHTO/NTPEP or VDOT test facility in accordance with the Materials Division, Manual of Instructions for Certification I and II Materials. The certification shall include the NTPEP test number from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List. The Contractor shall retain the manufacturer’ s certifications.
c.Warranty Requirements Pavement marking products shall carry the warranties as supplied by the manufacturer of the in - dividual marking types (classes) for the specific timeframes per type and class and the material 289246.03 requirements for reflectance, durability, color, and adhesion as referenced herein. Warranties shall be those commercially supplied or those unique to the Commonwealth in the case of certain products, such as Type B, Class VI preformed pavement marking tape as detailed herein. Manufacturers’ warranties shall be obtained by the Contractor and assigned to the Department in writing prior to final acceptance. Warranty periods shall begin on the date of receipt at the project as verified by delivery tickets signed by the Engineer. Type B, Class VI pavement marking tape shall be warrantied for six years against failure resulting from material defects regardless of method of manufacturer’ s prescribed application or pavement type. The material shall be warranted to retain its Retroreflectivity, Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%) and durability including adherence to the pavement and shall be free of other obvious defects or failures. All Type B Class VI pavement marking tape that has failed to meet the warranty conditions shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Department. The warranty shall cover all pavement striping materials (regardless of method of installation), labor, equipment, mobilization\demobilization, tools, incidentals required to remove (eradicate) and replace the pavement striping including maintenance of traffic during eradication and reinstallation operations.
246.03 Pavement Marking Materials
Pavement marking and pavement marker materials shall conform to the specific requirements for the individual types as indicated hereinafter:
a.Paint Pavement Marking Material (Type A) Paint material shall be a fast-drying, waterborne, nonleaded, acrylic or modified acrylic resin paint suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 20.
1.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:
a.Maintained Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle when measured in the skipline or centerline areas: Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (R L) (mcd/ft2/fc) Paint Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 200 100 Y ellow 150 100
b.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): Measured according to ASTM D6628
c.Durability: Paint shall have a durability rating of at least 6 when determined in the wheel path area when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.
d.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303, if available. 290246.03
e.IR Scan from NTPEP , if available.
2.Batch Testing Paint batch testing shall be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instruc - tions. The test results shall be compared against NTPEP lab test results and the Specifications. Testing shall be performed to determine the following physical requirements and properties:
a.Solids, (% weight) according to ASTM D2369: Acceptable range from NTPEP results (+/- 2 %).
b.Pigment (% weight) according to ASTM D3723: Acceptable range from NTPEP results (+/- 2 %).
c.Density (wt/gal .) according to ASTM D1475: Acceptable range from NTPEP results (+/-0.3 lbs/gal).
d.Viscosity (KU) according to ASTM D562: Acceptable range from NTPEP results (+/-5KU).
e.Contrast Ratio according to ASTM D2805 (2°, D 65): Paint shall show a dry hiding quality that will give a contrast ratio of at least 0.96 at (15 mil) wet film thickness.
f.Day Color, Luminance (Y%) - (without Drop-on Beads): Color testing results shall conform to the chromaticity coordinate limits that follow. Color determination for paint materials will be made without drop-on beads at least 24 hours after application in accordance with ASTM D6628. Day Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (Without Drop-on Beads), Paint x y x y x y x y Y% White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 Min Y ellow 0.493 0.473 0.518 0.464 0.486 0.428 0.469 0.452 50.0-60.0
g.Settling properties: Settling shall be no less than a rating of 8 when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.
h.Freeze-thaw and heat stability: Paint shall show no coagulation or change in viscosity greater than +/- 5 KU when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.
i.Water resistance: Paint shall show no blistering, peeling, wrinkling, softening, or loss of adhesion when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.
j.VOC: The VOC content shall be no greater than 150 grams/liter when tested in accordance with EPA Method 24.
k.Flash point: Paint shall have a flash point of at least 201 degrees F when tested in accordance with ASTM D93, Pensky-Martens Closed Cup.
l.No-track time: Paint shall have a 60-second maximum vehicle no-track time when measured in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan. 291246.03
m.IR Scan: Should match IR scan from NTPEP .
b.Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class I) Thermoplastic material shall be suitable for use on asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 43. The binder shall be either alkyd or hydrocarbon based. If an alkyd thermoplastic is used, the binder shall consist of synthetic resins, at least one of which is solid at room temperature, and high-boiling plasticizers. At least one-half of the binder composition shall be a maleic-modified glycerol ester of resin and shall be at least 10 percent by weight of the entire material formulation. Thermoplastic marking materials shall be capable of application at pavement surface temperatures of 50 degrees Fahrenheit and above on all asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces. Thermoplastic material shall be capable of successfully fusing to itself and previously applied thermoplastic pavement markings.
1.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance, Y%), and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:
a.Maintained Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Thermoplastic Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200
b.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628
c.Durability: Thermoplastic shall have a durability rating of at least 8 as determined in the wheel path area when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.
d.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested per ASTM E303, if available.
2.Batch Testing: Thermoplastic batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. The tests results will be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
a.Pigment and Glass Bead (% Weight) according to ASTM D4451 82.0% Max
b.Glass Bead Content (% Weight) according to AASHTO T250 and ASTM D4797 25.0% Min 292246.03
c.TiO2 (%) according to ASTM D1394 or equivalent method 8.0% Min
d.Binder (%) according to AASHTO T250/ASTM D4451 18.0% Min
e.Calcium Carbonate and Inert Fillers 49.0 % Max
f.Day Color, Luminance (Y%) (Without Drop-on Beads): Color testing results shall conform to the chromaticity coordinate limits that follow. Color determination for thermoplastic materials will be made without drop-on beads after cooling in accordance with AASHTO T250 and ASTM D6628. Day Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (Without Drop-on Beads), Thermoplastic x y x y x y x y Y% White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 Min Y ellow 0.499 0.466 0.545 0.455 0.518 0.432 0.485 0.454 40.0-60.0
g.Nighttime Y ellow Color (with Drop-on Beads): The initial nighttime color of yellow thermoplastic pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coordinate requirements when tested in accordance with ASTM D6628 and VTM-111: 1 2 3 4 Color Y ellowx y x y x y x y 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426Night Time Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (with Drop-on Beads) Thermoplastic
h.Water absorption: Materials shall not have more than 0.5 percent retained water by weight when tested in accordance with ASTM D570, Procedure A.
i.Softening point: Materials shall have a softening point of at least 194 degrees F as deter- mined in accordance with ASTM E28.
j.Specific gravity: The specific gravity of the thermoplastic compound at 77 degrees F shall be from 1.7 to 2.2.
k.Impact resistance: The impact resistance shall be at least 10 inch-pounds at 77 degrees F after the material has been heated for 4 hours at 400 degrees F and cast into bars of 1-inch cross-sectional area, 3 inches long, and placed with 1 inch extending above the vise in a cantilever beam, Izod-type tester conforming to ASTM D256 using the 25 inch-pound scale.
l.No-Track Time: Material shall set to bear traffic in not more than 2 minutes when the road temperature is 50 degrees F or above.
m.Intermixed Glass beads: Glass beads shall conform to Section 234. 293246.03
n.Flashpoint: The material flashpoint shall be no less than 500 degrees F when tested in accordance with ASTM D92.
c.Preformed Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class II): Preformed thermoplastic material shall be suitable for use on asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces, and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 73. Preformed thermoplastic shall be installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer’ s installation instructions. Upon cooling to normal pavement temperatures, these materials shall produce an adherent, retroreflective pavement marking capable of resisting deformation by traffic. Preformed thermoplastic shall be supplied at a minimum of 30% (by weight) of intermixed glass beads. During application (when molten) all preformed thermoplastic shall be flooded with additional glass beads. Additional retroreflective optics shall also be added to the surface in quantities and types that match what was used for initial approval of these individual products. Preformed thermoplastic material shall be supplied at 125 mils thickness. Reversible arrows shall have a minimum of 30% by weight intermixed beads only. During appli - cation, surface beads for reversible arrows shall be applied to the thermoplastic material when it is molten. Preformed thermoplastic may be either of the following types: • Type A where the manufacturer requires preheating of the roadway surface to a specified temperature prior to installation of the preformed thermoplastic material. • Type B where the manufacturer requires preheating of the roadway surface prior to installation of the preformed thermoplastic material to only remove moisture when necessary.
1.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:
a.Retroreflectivity: Photometric quantity to be measured is coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710. R L shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot per foot-candle and shall be at least the following values when measured in the skip line area. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Preformed Thermoplastic Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200
b.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628. 294246.03
c.Thickness: 120-130 Mils
d.Durability Rating: The marking shall have a durability rating of at least 8 as determined in the wheel path area after 1 year when tested in accordance with NTPEP Work Plan.
e.Skid Resistance: The surface of the installed marking shall provide an initial average skid resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to of ASTM E303, if available.
f.No Track Time: When installed with glass beads or other reflective media, the markings shall reach a no-track condition in less than 3 minutes.
2.Batch Testing: Preformed thermoplastic batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Testing results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
a.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): Refer to initial requirements
b.Thickness: Refer to initial requirements
c.Nighttime Y ellow Color (with Drop-on Beads): The initial night time color of yellow preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coordinate requirements when tested in accordance with ASTM D6628 and VTM-111: 1 2 3 4 Color Y ellowx y x y x y x y 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426Night Time Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (with Drop-on Beads) Preformed Thermoplastic
d.Epoxy-Resin Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class III) Epoxy-resin is a two-component pavement marking material, suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 75. The ratio of resin to hardner shall be 2:1 respectively.
1.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:
a.Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retro- reflected luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skipline or centerline areas. 295246.03 Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (R L) (mcd/ft2/fc) Epoxy Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200
b.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628
c.Durability: Epoxy shall have a durability rating of at least 8 as determined in the wheel path area.
d.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN, if available.
2.Batch Testing: Epoxy batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Tests results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
a.Pigment (% Weight) according to ASTM D2371 23.0 % Min.
b.Epoxy Content according to ASTM D2371 77.0% Max White, 82.0% Max Y ellow.
c.Contrast Ratio (Hiding Power) according to ASTM D2805 (at 15 Mils wet): Readings will be determined in accordance with ASTM E1349 using CIE 1931 (2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65). 96 Min.
d.TiO2 (%), White conforming to ASTM D476, Type IV according to ASTM D1394 or equivalent 18.0 Min.
e.Total Amine, Hardener (ASTM D 2074 ERF) shall be within +/- 50 of the value obtained when tested by NTPEP .
f.Day Color, Luminance (Y%) (Without Drop-on Beads) Color testing results shall conform to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinate limits that follow. Color determination for epoxy materials will be made without drop-on beads at least 24 hours after application in accordance with ASTM D6628. Day Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (Without Drop-on Beads), Epoxy x y x y x y x y Y% White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 Min Y ellow 0.493 0.473 0.518 0.464 0.486 0.428 0.469 0.452 50.0-60.0 296246.03
g.Nighttime Y ellow Color (with Drop-on Beads): The initial nighttime color of yellow epoxy pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coor - dinate requirements when tested in accordance with ASTM D6628 and VTM-111: 1 2 3 4 Color Y ellowx y x y x y x y 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426Night Time Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (with Drop-on Beads) Epoxy
h.Hardness: Hardness, Shore D determined in accordance with ASTM D2240 shall be 75 to 100.
i.Tensile strength: Tensile strength, determined in accordance with ASTM D638, shall be at least 6,000 pounds per square inch after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F .
j.Compressive strength: Compressive strength, determined in accordance with ASTM D695, shall be at least 12,000 pounds per square inch after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F .
k.Adhesion to concrete: Adhesion of markings shall achieve at minimum, a rating of Substrate Failure B when tested in accordance with ASTM D7234 after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F . Concrete used for the test shall have a tensile strength of at least 300 pounds per square inch.
l.No-Pick-Up: Epoxy marking materials when mixed in proper ratio and applied at a wet film thickness of 15 +/- 1 mils with surface, ambient, and material temperatures being 73.5 +/- 3.0 degrees Fahrenheit, shall reach a no-pick-up time in less than 10 minutes when tested in accordance with ASTM D711.
m.Weight per epoxy equivalent: The weight per epoxy equivalent of Part A of the epoxy pavement marking material shall be within ±50 of the target value provided by the manufacturer when tested in accordance with ASTM D1652.
n.Abrasion resistance: The wear index shall be no greater than 80 gm/cycle when tested in accordance with ASTM D4060.
e.Polyurea Pavement Marking Material (Type B, Class VII): Polyurea is a two-component pavement marking material suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pave - ment surfaces. Polyurea pavement marking material shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 74. The components shall be formulated such that the complete cure occurs when they are mixed at the time of application.
1.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year: 297246.03
a.Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retro- reflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. R L shall be measured in the skipline or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Polyurea Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200
b.Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628
c.Durability: Polyurea shall have a durability rating of at least 8 when determined in the wheel path area in accordance with NTPEP guidelines.
d.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN, if available.
2.Batch Testing: Polyurea batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instruc - tions. Tests results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
a.TiO2 (%) White, ASTM D476, (Types II, III, IV) according to ASTM D1394 or equivalent White = 18.0 % Min. / Y ellow = 10.0% Min.
b.Hardness: Hardness, Shore D as determined in accordance with ASTM D2240, shall be 75 to 100.
c.Adhesion to concrete: Adhesion, determined in accordance with ACI 503, shall be at 100 percent concrete failure after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F . Concrete used for the test shall have a tensile strength of at least 300 pounds per square inch and shall be 90 degrees F when the material is applied.
d.No-Track TIme: Material shall dry to a “no-track” condition in the time limit stated accordancing to the manufacturer’ s specification.
e.Abrasion resistance: The wear index shall be no greater than 80 when abrasion resistance is tested in accordance with ASTM D4060.
f.Hiding (Contrast Ratio): The marking shall show a dry hiding quality that will yield a contrast ratio of at least 0.96 with the Morest Black and White Power Chart, Form 03B (or equivalent), when drawn down at a 15-mil wet film thickness. Readings will be deter - mined in accordance with ASTM E1349 using CIE 1931, 2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65.
f.Permanent, Plastic-Backed, Preformed Tapes (Type B, Class IV and Type B, Class VI) Permanent tape shall be a durable, retro-reflective pliant material consisting of a mixture of poly - meric materials, pigments, and glass beads (reflective optics) evenly distributed throughout its 298246.03 cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. Permanent tapes shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17. Tape shall be applied in strict accordance with the manufacturer’ s instructions and the limitations set herein or on the Approved Products List. Flat Tape (Type B, Class IV) – Flat tape shall be capable of being surface applied to asphalt cement or hydraulic cement concrete pavement following paving operations on new, dense, or open graded asphalt concrete and shall be ready for traffic immediately after application Patterned Preformed Tape(Type B, Class VI) – Pattered preformed tape shall be capable of being surface applied to asphalt cement or hydraulic cement concrete surfaces following paving operations or inlaid during paving operations on new asphalt concrete, and shall be ready for traffic immediately after application. Contrast Tape – When specified, Contrast tape shall be a minimum of 3 inches wider than the width specified in the pay item. This additional tape width shall be black and non-reflective with 1 1/2 inches minimum on both sides of the white or yellow product. The black area of the contrast tape shall meet initial requirements of durability, skid resistance, thickness, and adhesion as noted below. Batch testing (sampled per the Manual of Instructions) shall meet the requirements of thickness, width, length, and skid resistance as noted below.
1.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), durability, and adhesion shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:
a.Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retro- reflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Tape-Type B, Class IV and VI Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 400 300 Y ellow 300 200
b.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628.
c.Durability: Permanent tape shall have a durability rating of at least 8 as determined in the wheel path area when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.
d.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303, if available.
e.Thickness (without adhesive): Class IV 60 - 120 mils. Class VI Thinnest portion, 20 Mils Minimum; Thickest portion, 65 Mils Minimum
f.Adhesion: No line shall be displaced, torn or missing per NTPEP Pavement Marking Work Plan. 299246.03
2.Batch Testing: Permanent tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
a.Maintained Retroreflectivity (Refer to initial requirements). Retroreflectivity will be measured in both directions on the roll. The lowest value being recorded.
b.Color (including Luminance, Y%): Refer to initial requirements
c.Thickness: Refer to initial requirements
d.Width: The width shall be no less than the nominal width and no greater than 1/8” of the nominal width.
e.Length: The length shall be no less than the length stated on the manufacturer’ s packaging.
f.Skid Resistance: Refer to initial requirements
g.Temporary Pavement Marking Materials: Construction (temporary) pavement markings shall consist of Type D removable tape; Type E removable black, non-reflective tape; and Type F temporary pavement marking material. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’ s NTPEP or other VDOT Test Facilities.
1.Removable Tape (Type D, Class II): Removable tape shall be a durable, retro-reflective pliant material consisting of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments and glass beads (reflective optics) evenly distributed throughout its cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. Temporary removable tape shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17.
a.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), and adhesive bond rating shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been in - stalled on the test deck for 90 days:
1.Maintained Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skipline or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Removable Tape-Type D, Class II Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 250 150 Y ellow 200 100
2.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628. 300246.03
3.Adhesive Bond Rating: The average adhesive bond rating (from transverse and longitudinal lines) shall be 3 or higher according to the NTPEP Work Plan.
4.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303, if available.
5.Thickness: Per the manufacture’ s recommendation.
6.Adhesion: No line shall be displaced, be torn or missing.
b.Batch Testing Removable tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results will be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
1.Maintained Retroreflectivity: Refer to initial requirements
2.Color (including Luminance): Refer to initial requirements
3.Thickness: Refer to initial requirements
4.Width: The width shall be no less than the nominal width and no greater than 1/8” of the nominal width.
5.Length: The length shall be no less than the length stated on the manufacturer’ s packaging.
6.Skid Resistance: Refer to initial requirements
2.Wet Reflective, Removable Tape (Type D, Class III): Wet reflective, removable tape shall be a durable, retro-reflective pliant material consisting of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments, and glass beads (reflective optics) evenly distributed throughout its cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. This tape shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17.
a.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity (dry and wet), color (including luminance), and adhesive bond rating shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days:
1.Maintained Dry Retroreflectivity: The dry photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Dry Retro Removable Tape-Type D, Class III Color Initial 90 Days In-Service White 250 150 Y ellow 200 100 301 (2) Maintained Wet Retroreflectivity: The wet photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with VTM-124 (Visual Evaluation or ASTM E2177, Recovery Method) when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Wet Retro Removable Tape-Type D, Class III Color Initial 90 Days In-Service White 150 100 Y ellow 125 75
3.Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628.
4.Adhesive Bond Rating: The average adhesive bond rating (from transverse and longitudinal lines) shall be 3 or higher according the NTPEP Work Plan.
5.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303, if available.
6.Thickness: Per the manufacturer’ s recommendation.
7.Adhesion: No line shall be displaced, torn or missing.
b.Batch Testing : Wet reflective, removable tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:
1.Retroreflectivity: Refer to initial requirements
2.Day and Night Color and Luminance: Refer to initial requirements
3.Thickness: Refer to initial requirements
4.Width: The width shall be no less than the nominal width and no greater than 1/8” of the nominal width.
5.Length: The length shall be no less than the length stated on the manufacturer’ s packaging.
6.Skid Resistance: Refer to initial requirements.
3.Removable Black, Non-Reflective Tape (Type E): Removable black, non-reflective tape shall be a durable, pliant material consisting of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments and a friction material evenly distributed throughout its cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. Removable black, non-reflective tape shall be suitable for use on asphalt concrete pavement surfaces, and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17.246.03 302 a. Initial Approval - Maintained adhesive bond rating shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days:
1.Adhesive Bond Rating: The average adhesive bond rating (from transverse and longitudinal lines) shall be 3 or higher according to the NTPEP Work Plan.
2.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303, if available.
3.Thickness: Per the manufacturer’ s recommendation.
4.Adhesion: No line shall be displaced, be torn or missing.
b.Batch Testing Black removable, non-reflective tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results shall be compared against the following specifications:
1.Skid Resistance: Refer to initial requirements
2.Thickness: Refer to initial requirements
3.Width: The width shall be no less than the nominal width and no greater than 1/8” of the nominal width.
4.Length: The length shall be no less than the length stated on the manufacturer’ s packaging.
4.Temporary Pavement Marking Material (Type F): Temporary pavement marking material (waterborne paint) shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces, and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 48.
a.Initial Approval - Maintained retroreflectivity, color (including luminance), and durability shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days:
1.Maintained Retroreflectivity: The photometric quantity to be measured is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. R L shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle when measured in the wheel path areas: Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft-2/fc-1) (Type F) Color Initial 90 Days In-Service White 200 100 Y ellow 150 100246.03 303 (2) Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%): According to ASTM D6628.
3.Durability: Material shall have a durability rating of at least 8 when determined in the wheel path area.
4.Skid Resistance: The initial skid resistance shall be at least 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303, if available.
5.Thickness: Not to exceed 15 mils.
b.Batch Testing Temporary pavement marking paint materials batch testing will be performed by the De - partment on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accor - dance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. The batch tests and results are the same batch test parameters described in the section above for waterborne paint. SECTION 247—REFLECTIVE SHEETING
247.01 Description
This specification covers reflective sheeting used on traffic control devices to provide a retroreflective surface or message. The color of the reflective sheeting shall be as specified in the Contract. Reflective sheeting shall be certified in accordance with Section 106.06.
247.02 Detail Requirements
Reflective sheeting shall be selected from the Department’ s Approved List 46. Except where outdoor test - ing is not required (as noted herein), the sheeting and any applied coatings including inks, overlay films, and all other coatings shall be tested by either NTPEP , the Department, or other Department-approved facilities, to ensure all the materials and the completed sign meet the outdoor weathering requirements in ASTM D4956 for both Retroreflectivity and Daytime Color (Chromaticity and Luminance Factor %). Reflective inks and overlay films shall be approved by the sheeting manufacturer. All orange and pink sheeting shall be fluorescent (except where noted).
a.ASTM D4956, Type IX and XI Reflective Sheeting shall be used for Overhead Permanent Signs as specified in Section 701. Retroreflectivity and Color requirements shall be maintained for the values listed in ASTM D4956 after 3 years on the outdoor weathering test rack.
b.ASTM D4956, Type IV , IX and XI Reflective Sheeting shall be used for Non-Overhead Permanent Signs as specified in Section 701. Retroreflectivity and Color requirements shall be maintained for the values listed in ASTM D4956 after 3 years on the outdoor weathering test rack.247.02
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 315–330 of 1,065.