246Pavement Marking

246.01Description

These specifications cover material for use in various retroreflective pavement-marking applications.

246.02Detail Requirements

Materials that must be heated for application shall not exude fumes that are toxic or injurious to persons or property when heated to the application temperature. The marking material (including primers and adhesives) shall not be formulated with any compounds of the heavy metals listed in 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1, except that barium sulfate is allowed. Total heavy met- al levels, with the exception of barium sulfate, shall not exceed 20 times the specified regulatory limits. The marking material (including primers and adhesives) shall meet the Virginia Department of Envi - ronmental Quality (VDEQ) regulations (9 V AC 5-45, Articles 5 and 6) for V olatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Materials shall withstand air and roadway temperature variations from 0 - 140 degrees F without deform- ing, bleeding, staining, or discoloring and shall maintain their original dimensions and placement without excessive chipping, spalling, cracking, or loss of adhesion. Material shall not deteriorate because of contact with snow and ice control materials or oil and gasoline drippings from vehicles. Pavement marking materials shall produce a retroreflective line, message, legend or symbol of specified thickness, width or design in accordance with the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways and the Contract requirements. Pavement marking material shall have the pigment, glass beads, and filler well dispersed in the resin and shall be free from skins, dirt, and foreign objects. Glass Beads shall conform to Section 234. The amount and type of yellow pigment and inert filler for yellow material shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer provided the material complies with this specification. All marking materials shall be suitable for use up to 1 year after the date of manufacture when stored in accordance with manufacturer’ s instructions. Pavement marking and pavement marker materials shall conform to the specific requirements for the individual types as indicated hereinafter: 288 246.02

The Department will evaluate and approve pavement markings by reviewing performance test data from one or both of the following testing programs: • AASHTO’ s National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (AASHTO/NTPEP) Testing Test data values used for approval will be based upon the data generated per the NTPEP , Pave- ment Marking Material Work Plan. Testing and evaluations shall be performed on a Northern Region test deck unless otherwise approved by the Materials Division. • VDOT Test Facility – VDOT may evaluate pavement marking performance from data generated at its own test facility. Test data values used for approval will be based upon the data generated by following the testing requirements in VTM-125, Evaluation of Pavement Markings on Road Surfaces. When pavement markings are installed on the NTPEP test deck or the VDOT facility, the material’ s thickness, beads/reflective optic types, and formulation shall be documented to ensure the equivalent thickness, beads/reflective optic types and formulation are installed on VDOT roadways following approval. Approved pavement marking products later found not meeting the batch testing require - ments will be removed from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List. Black contrast pavement markings of paint, thermoplastic, epoxy, and polyurea shall be accepted based upon batch testing requirements listed herein (as applicable). Retroreflec - tivity, color, luminance (Y%), and road testing are not required for the black portion of the pavement markings. Black contrast tape requirements are listed in the applicable section below. Initial Approval Pavement marking products will be included on the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List after the Department determines conformance to the specifications on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete roadway surfaces. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’ s / NTPEP or other VDOT Test Facilities in accordance with the requirements for the respective pavement marking material types.

The pavement marking material manufacturer shall certify each batch or lot of material supplied and installed is the same product (thickness, reflective optic package and formulation) that was tested and approved on the AASHTO/NTPEP or VDOT test facility in accordance with the Materials Division, Manual of Instructions for Certification I and II Materials. The certification shall include the NTPEP test number from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List. The Contractor shall retain the manufacturer’ s certifications.

Pavement marking products shall carry the warranties as supplied by the manufacturer of the in - dividual marking types (classes) for the specific timeframes per type and class and the material 289 246.03 requirements for reflectance, durability, color, and adhesion as referenced herein. Warranties shall be those commercially supplied or those unique to the Commonwealth in the case of certain products, such as T ype B, Class VI preformed pavement marking tape as detailed herein. Manufacturers’ warranties shall be obtained by the Contractor and assigned to the Department in writing prior to final acceptance. Warranty periods shall begin on the date of receipt at the project as verified by delivery tickets signed by the Engineer. T ype B, Class VI pavement marking tape shall be warrantied for six years against failure resulting from material defects regardless of method of manufacturer’ s prescribed application or pavement type. The material shall be warranted to retain its Retroreflectivity, Day and Nighttime Color and Luminance (Y%) and durability including adherence to the pavement and shall be free of other obvious defects or failures. All T ype B Class VI pavement marking tape that has failed to meet the warranty conditions shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Department. The warranty shall cover all pavement striping materials (regardless of method of installation), labor, equipment, mobilization\demobilization, tools, incidentals required to remove (eradicate) and replace the pavement striping including maintenance of traffic during eradication and reinstallation operations.

246.03Pavement Marking Materials

Pavement marking and pavement marker materials shall conform to the specific requirements for the individual types as indicated hereinafter:

Paint material shall be a fast-drying, waterborne, nonleaded, acrylic or modified acrylic resin paint suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 20.

shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:

of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle when measured in the skipline or centerline areas: Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Paint Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 200 100 Y ellow 150 100

path area when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.

according to ASTM E303, if available. 290 246.03

Paint batch testing shall be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instruc- tions. The test results shall be compared against NTPEP lab test results and the Specifications. Testing shall be performed to determine the following physical requirements and properties:

(+/- 2 %).

(+/- 2 %).

(+/-0.3 lbs/gal).

(+/-5KU).

quality that will give a contrast ratio of at least 0.96 at (15 mil) wet film thickness.

Color testing results shall conform to the chromaticity coordinate limits that follow. Color determination for paint materials will be made without drop-on beads at least 24 hours after application in accordance with ASTM D6628. Day Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (Without Drop-on Beads), Paint x y x y x y x y Y% White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 Min Y ellow 0.493 0.473 0.518 0.464 0.486 0.428 0.469 0.452 50.0-60.0

with the NTPEP Work Plan.

greater than +/- 5 KU when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.

adhesion when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.

with EP A Method 24.

accordance with ASTM D93, Pensky-Martens Closed Cup.

measured in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan. 291 246.03

Thermoplastic material shall be suitable for use on asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 43. The binder shall be either alkyd or hydrocarbon based. If an alkyd thermoplastic is used, the binder shall consist of synthetic resins, at least one of which is solid at room temperature, and high-boiling plasticizers. At least one-half of the binder composition shall be a maleic-modified glycerol ester of resin and shall be at least 10 percent by weight of the entire material formulation. Thermoplastic marking materials shall be capable of application at pavement surface temperatures of 50 degrees Fahrenheit and above on all asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces. Thermoplastic material shall be capable of successfully fusing to itself and previously applied thermoplastic pavement markings.

shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:

of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200

wheel path area when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.

E303, if available.

Thermoplastic batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. The tests results will be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

and ASTM D4797 25.0% Min 292 246.03

conform to the chromaticity coordinate limits that follow. Color determination for thermoplastic materials will be made without drop-on beads after cooling in accordance with AASHTO T250 and ASTM D6628. Day Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (Without Drop-on Beads), Thermoplastic x y x y x y x y Y% White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 Min Y ellow 0.499 0.466 0.545 0.455 0.518 0.432 0.485 0.454 40.0-60.0

thermoplastic pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coordinate requirements when tested in accordance with ASTM D6628 and VTM-111: 1 2 3 4 Color Y ellow x y x y x y x y 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426 Night Time Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (with Drop-on Beads) Thermoplastic

when tested in accordance with ASTM D570, Procedure A.

mined in accordance with ASTM E28.

be from 1.7 to 2.2.

after the material has been heated for 4 hours at 400 degrees F and cast into bars of 1-inch cross-sectional area, 3 inches long, and placed with 1 inch extending above the vise in a cantilever beam, Izod-type tester conforming to ASTM D256 using the 25 inch-pound scale.

road temperature is 50 degrees F or above.

293 246.03

accordance with ASTM D92.

Preformed thermoplastic material shall be suitable for use on asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces, and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 73. Preformed thermoplastic shall be installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer’ s installation instructions. Upon cooling to normal pavement temperatures, these materials shall produce an adherent, retroreflective pavement marking capable of resisting deformation by traffic. Preformed thermoplastic shall be supplied at a minimum of 30% (by weight) of intermixed glass beads. During application (when molten) all preformed thermoplastic shall be flooded with additional glass beads. Additional retroreflective optics shall also be added to the surface in quantities and types that match what was used for initial approval of these individual products. Preformed thermoplastic material shall be supplied at 125 mils thickness. Reversible arrows shall have a minimum of 30% by weight intermixed beads only. During appli - cation, surface beads for reversible arrows shall be applied to the thermoplastic material when it is molten. Preformed thermoplastic may be either of the following types: • Type A where the manufacturer requires preheating of the roadway surface to a specified temperature prior to installation of the preformed thermoplastic material. • Type B where the manufacturer requires preheating of the roadway surface prior to installation of the preformed thermoplastic material to only remove moisture when necessary.

shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:

luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710. RL shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot per foot-candle and shall be at least the following values when measured in the skip line area. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200

294 246.03

in the wheel path area after 1 year when tested in accordance with NTPEP Work Plan.

average skid resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to of ASTM E303, if available.

shall reach a no-track condition in less than 3 minutes.

Preformed thermoplastic batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Testing results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coordinate requirements when tested in accordance with ASTM D6628 and VTM-111: 1 2 3 4 Color Y ellow x y x y x y x y 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426 Night Time Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (with Drop-on Beads) Preformed Thermoplastic

Epoxy-resin is a two-component pavement marking material, suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 75. The ratio of resin to hardner shall be 2:1 respectively.

shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:

reflected luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skipline or centerline areas. 295 246.03 Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) (mcd/ft2/fc) Epoxy Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200

path area.

Epoxy batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Tests results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

Readings will be determined in accordance with ASTM E1349 using CIE 1931 (2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65). 96 Min.

according to ASTM D1394 or equivalent 18.0 Min.

obtained when tested by NTPEP .

Color testing results shall conform to the International Commission on Illumination

materials will be made without drop-on beads at least 24 hours after application in accordance with ASTM D6628. Day Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (Without Drop-on Beads), Epoxy x y x y x y x y Y% White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 80.0 Min Y ellow 0.493 0.473 0.518 0.464 0.486 0.428 0.469 0.452 50.0-60.0 296 246.03

epoxy pavement marking material shall conform to the following CIE chromaticity coor- dinate requirements when tested in accordance with ASTM D6628 and VTM-111: 1 2 3 4 Color Y ellow x y x y x y x y 0.486 0.439 0.520 0.480 0.560 0.440 0.498 0.426 Night Time Color, Chromaticity Coordinates (with Drop-on Beads) Epoxy

to 100.

at least 6,000 pounds per square inch after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F .

D695, shall be at least 12,000 pounds per square inch after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F .

Substrate Failure B when tested in accordance with ASTM D7234 after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F . Concrete used for the test shall have a tensile strength of at least 300 pounds per square inch.

film thickness of 15 +/- 1 mils with surface, ambient, and material temperatures being 73.5 +/- 3.0 degrees Fahrenheit, shall reach a no-pick-up time in less than 10 minutes when tested in accordance with ASTM D711.

pavement marking material shall be within ±50 of the target value provided by the manufacturer when tested in accordance with ASTM D1652.

accordance with ASTM D4060.

pavement marking material suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pave - ment surfaces. Polyurea pavement marking material shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 74. The components shall be formulated such that the complete cure occurs when they are mixed at the time of application.

conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year: 297 246.03

reflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. R L shall be measured in the skipline or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 300 250 Y ellow 250 200

wheel path area in accordance with NTPEP guidelines.

Polyurea batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instruc- tions. Tests results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

(T ypes II, III, IV) according to ASTM D1394 or equivalent White = 18.0 % Min. / Y ellow = 10.0% Min.

be 75 to 100.

percent concrete failure after the material has cured for 72 hours at 73 ± 4 degrees F . Concrete used for the test shall have a tensile strength of at least 300 pounds per square inch and shall be 90 degrees F when the material is applied.

accordancing to the manufacturer’ s specification.

is tested in accordance with ASTM D4060.

contrast ratio of at least 0.96 with the Morest Black and White Power Chart, Form 03B (or equivalent), when drawn down at a 15-mil wet film thickness. Readings will be deter- mined in accordance with ASTM E1349 using CIE 1931, 2 degrees standard observer and CIE standard Illuminant D65.

Permanent tape shall be a durable, retro-reflective pliant material consisting of a mixture of poly - meric materials, pigments, and glass beads (reflective optics) evenly distributed throughout its 298 246.03 cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. Permanent tapes shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17. Tape shall be applied in strict accordance with the manufacturer’ s instructions and the limitations set herein or on the Approved Products List. Flat Tape (Type B, Class IV) – Flat tape shall be capable of being surface applied to asphalt cement or hydraulic cement concrete pavement following paving operations on new, dense, or open graded asphalt concrete and shall be ready for traffic immediately after application Patterned Preformed Tape(Type B, Class VI) – Pattered preformed tape shall be capable of being surface applied to asphalt cement or hydraulic cement concrete surfaces following paving operations or inlaid during paving operations on new asphalt concrete, and shall be ready for traffic immediately after application. Contrast Tape – When specified, Contrast tape shall be a minimum of 3 inches wider than the width specified in the pay item. This additional tape width shall be black and non-reflective with 1 1/2 inches minimum on both sides of the white or yellow product. The black area of the contrast tape shall meet initial requirements of durability, skid resistance, thickness, and adhesion as noted below. Batch testing (sampled per the Manual of Instructions) shall meet the requirements of thickness, width, length, and skid resistance as noted below.

adhesion shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 1 year:

reflected luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 400 300 Y ellow 300 200

wheel path area when tested in accordance with the NTPEP Work Plan.

according to ASTM E303, if available.

Class IV 60 - 120 mils. Class VI Thinnest portion, 20 Mils Minimum; Thickest portion, 65 Mils Minimum

Work Plan. 299 246.03

Permanent tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

measured in both directions on the roll. The lowest value being recorded.

nominal width.

consist of T ype D removable tape; T ype E removable black, non-reflective tape; and T ype F temporary pavement marking material. Determination of conformance will include, but not be limited to, the evaluation of test data from AASHTO’ s NTPEP or other VDOT Test Facilities.

Removable tape shall be a durable, retro-reflective pliant material consisting of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments and glass beads (reflective optics) evenly distributed throughout its cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. Temporary removable tape shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17.

bond rating shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been in - stalled on the test deck for 90 days:

coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skipline or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Color Initial 1 Y ear In-Service White 250 150 Y ellow 200 100

300 246.03

longitudinal lines) shall be 3 or higher according to the NTPEP Work Plan.

according to ASTM E303, if available.

Removable tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results will be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

of the nominal width.

packaging.

Wet reflective, removable tape shall be a durable, retro-reflective pliant material consisting of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments, and glass beads (reflective optics) evenly distributed throughout its cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. This tape shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete surfaces and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17.

and adhesive bond rating shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days:

the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Dry Retro Removable Tape-Type D, Class III Color Initial 90 Days In-Service White 250 150 Y ellow 200 100 301

is the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with VTM-124 (Visual Evaluation or ASTM E2177, Recovery Method) when measured in the skip line or centerline areas. Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Wet Retro Removable Tape-Type D, Class III Color Initial 90 Days In-Service White 150 100 Y ellow 125 75

longitudinal lines) shall be 3 or higher according the NTPEP Work Plan.

according to ASTM E303, if available.

Wet reflective, removable tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results shall be compared against the following specifications and requirements:

the nominal width.

packaging.

Removable black, non-reflective tape shall be a durable, pliant material consisting of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments and a friction material evenly distributed throughout its cross-sectional area and embedded into the surface. Removable black, non-reflective tape shall be suitable for use on asphalt concrete pavement surfaces, and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 17. 246.03 302

after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days:

longitudinal lines) shall be 3 or higher according to the NTPEP Work Plan.

according to ASTM E303, if available.

Black removable, non-reflective tape batch testing will be performed by the Department on samples obtained from the point of manufacture or from the field in accordance with the Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions. Test results shall be compared against the following specifications:

the nominal width.

packaging.

Temporary pavement marking material (waterborne paint) shall be suitable for use on both asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete pavement surfaces, and shall be selected from the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List No. 48.

shall conform to the following requirements after the material has been installed on the test deck for 90 days:

coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L) in accordance with ASTM E1710 for 30-meter geometry. R L shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle when measured in the wheel path areas: Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance

Color Initial 90 Days In-Service White 200 100 Y ellow 150 100 246.03