8-22Pavement Marking

8-22.1 Description

This Work consists of furnishing, installing, and removing pavement markings upon the Roadway surface in accordance with the Plans, Standard Plans , the FHWA publication Standard Alphabet for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings and these Specifications, at locations shown in the Contract or as ordered by the Engineer in accordance with Section 1-04.4 . Pavement Markings may be either Longitudinal (long) Line Markings or Transverse Markings. Longitudinal line markings are generally placed parallel and adjacent to the flow of traffic. Transverse markings are generally placed perpendicular and across the flow of traffic. Word and symbol markings are classified as transverse markings. Traffic letters used in word messages shall be sized as shown in the Plans.

8-22.2 Materials

Material for pavement marking shall be paint or plastic as noted in the Bid item meeting the requirements of Section 9-34 . Glass beads for paint shall meet the requirements of Section 9-34.4 . Glass beads for plastic shall be as recommended by the material manufacturer.

8-22.3 Construction Requirements

8-22.3(1) Preliminary Spotting

The Engineer will provide necessary control points at intervals agreed upon with the Contractor to assist in preliminary spotting of the lines before marking begins. The Contractor shall be responsible for preliminary spotting of the lines to be marked. Approval by the Engineer is required before marking begins. Preliminary spotting to guide the striping machine is required for all longitudinal lines except where a clearly visible separation is present. Preliminary spotting shall be provided at a spacing of 100 feet maximum on tangents and 25-feet maximum on curves. The color of the material used for spotting shall match the color of the permanent marking.

8-22.3(2) Preparation of Roadway Surfaces

All surfaces shall be dry, free of loose debris, and within the proper temperature range prior to striping. When required by the pavement marking manufacturer’s installation instructions, pavement markings that will adversely affect the bond of new pavement marking material to the roadway surface shall be removed from pavement surfaces in accordance with Section 8-22.3(6) . Remove all other contaminants from pavement surfaces that may adversely affect the installation of new pavement marking. Apply pavement marking materials to new HMA that is sufficiently cured according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Typically, Type D material applied to new HMA pavement requires a pavement cure period of 21 days. This cure period may be reduced if the manufacturer performs a successful adhesion test and approves the reduction of the pavement cure period. For new Portland cement concrete surfaces, remove curing compounds and laitance by an approved mechanical means. Air blast the pavement with a high-pressure system to remove extraneous or loose material. Apply pavement marking materials to concrete that has reached a minimum compressive strength of 2,500 psi and that is sufficiently cured according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Typically, Type D material applied to Portland cement concrete pavement requires a pavement cure period of 28 days. This cure period may be reduced if the manufacturer performs a successful adhesion test and approves the reduction of the pavement cure period. Page 8-128 M 41-10

8-22 Pavement MarkingAfter the pavement surface is clean and dry, apply primer as recommended by the

manufacturer to the area receiving the pavement markings. Apply the primer in a continuous, solid film according to the recommendations of the primer manufacturer and the pavement markings manufacturer.

8-22.3(3) Marking Application

8-22.3(3)A Marking Colors

Lane line and right edge line shall be white in color. Centerline and left edge line shall be yellow in color. Transverse markings shall be white, except as otherwise noted in the Standard Plans .

8-22.3(3)B Line Patterns

Solid Line – A continuous line without gaps. Broken Line – A line consisting of solid line segments separated by gaps. Dotted Line – A broken line with noticeably shorter line segments separated by noticeably shorter gaps.

8-22.3(3)C Line Surfaces

Flat Lines – Pavement marking lines with a flat surface. Profiled Marking – A profiled pavement marking is a marking that consists of a base line thickness and a profiled thickness, which is a portion of the pavement marking line that is applied at a greater thickness than the base line thickness. Profiles shall be applied using the extruded method in the same application as the base line. The profiles may be slightly rounded provided the minimum profile thickness is the same throughout the length of the profile. See the Plans for the construction details. Embossed Plastic Line – Embossed plastic lines consist of a flat line with transverse grooves. An embossed plastic line may also have profiles. See the Plans for the construction details.

8-22.3(3)D Line Applications

Surface Line – A line constructed by applying pavement marking material directly to the pavement surface or existing pavement marking. Grooved Line – A line constructed by grinding or saw cutting a groove into the pavement surface and spraying, extruding, or gluing pavement marking material into the groove. Groove depth is measured vertically from the bottom of a 2 foot or longer straightedge placed on the roadway surface to the ground surface. The groove depth is dependent upon the material used, the pavement surface, and the location. See these Standard Specifications , the project Plans, and Special Provisions. Grooved line pavement marking shall not be constructed on bridge decks or on bridge approach slabs.

8-22.3(3)E Installation

Apply pavement marking materials to clean, dry pavement surfaces and according to the following:

8-22.3(3)F Application Thickness

Pavement markings shall be applied at the following base line thickness measured above the pavement surface or above the groove bottom for grooved markings in thousandths of an inch (mils): Marking Material Application HMA PCC BSTGroove Depth Paint – first coat spray 10 10 10 Paint – second coat spray 15 15 15 Type A – flat/transverse & symbols extruded 125 125 125 Type A – flat/long line & symbols spray 90 90 120 Type A – with profiles extruded 90 90 120 Type A – embossed extruded 160 160 160 Type A – embossed with profiles extruded 160 160 160 Type A – grooved/flat/long line extruded 230 230 230 250 Type B – flat/transverse & symbols heat fused 125 125 125 Type C-2 – flat/transverse & symbols adhesive 90 90 NA Type C-1 & 2 – flat/long line adhesive 60 60 NA Type C-1 – grooved/flat/long line adhesive 60 60 NA 100 Type D – flat/transverse & symbols spray 120 120 120 Type D – flat/transverse & symbols extruded 120 120 120 Type D – flat/long line spray 90 90 120 Type D – flat/long line extruded 90 90 120 Type D – profiled/long line extruded 90 90 120 Type D – grooved/flat/long line extruded 230 230 230 250 Page 8-130 M 41-10

8-22 Pavement MarkingLiquid pavement marking material yield per gallon depending on thickness shall not

exceed the following: Mils thickness Feet of 4″ line/gallon Square feet/gallon 10 483 161 15 322 108 18 268 89 20 242 80 22 220 73 24 202 67 30 161 54 40 122 41 45 107 36 60 81 27 90 54 18 90 with profiles 30 10 120 40 13 120 with profiles 26 9 230 21 7 Solid pavement marking material (Type A) yield per 50-pound bag shall not exceed the following: Mils thickness Feet of 4″ line/50# bag Square feet/50# bag 30 – flat 358 120 45 – flat 240 80 60 – flat 179 60 90 – flat 120 40 90 – flat with profiles 67 23 120 – flat 90 30 120 – flat with profiles 58 20 125 – embossed 86 29 125 – embossed with profiles 58 20 230 – flat grooved 47 15 All grooved lines shall be applied into a groove cut or ground into the pavement. For Type A or Type D material, the groove shall be cut or ground with equipment to produce a smooth square groove 4 inches wide. For Type C-1 material, the groove shall be cut with equipment to produce a smooth bottom square groove with a width in accordance with the material manufacturer’s recommendation. After grinding, clean the groove. Immediately before placing the marking material, clean the groove with high-pressure air.

8-22.3(3)G Glass beads

Top dress glass beads shall be applied to all spray and extruded pavement marking material. Glass beads shall be applied by a bead dispenser immediately following the pavement marking material application. Glass bead dispensers shall apply the glass beads in a manner such that the beads appear uniform on the entire pavement marking surface with 50 to 60 percent embedment. Hand casting of beads will not be allowed. M 41-10 Page 8-131 Pavement Marking 8-22Glass beads shall be applied to 10 or 15 mil thick paint at a minimum application rate of 7 pounds per gallon of paint. For plastic pavement markings, glass bead type and application rate shall be as recommended by the marking material manufacturer. When two or more spray applications are required to meet thickness requirements for Type A and Type D materials, top dressing with glass beads is only allowed on the last application. The cure period between successive applications shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Loose beads, dirt or other debris shall be swept or blown off the line prior to application of each successive application. Successive applications shall be applied squarely on top of the preceding application.

8-22.3(4) Tolerances for Lines and Grooves

Allowable tolerances for lines are as follows: Length of Line – The longitudinal accumulative error within a 40 foot length of broken line shall not exceed plus or minus 1 inch. The broken line segment shall not be less than 10 feet. Width of Line – The width of the line shall not be less than the specified line width or greater than the specified line width plus ¼ inch. Lane Width – The lane width, which is defined as the lateral width from the edge of pavement to the center of the lane line or between the centers of successive lane lines, shall not vary from the widths shown in the Contract by more than plus or minus 4 inches. Thickness – A thickness tolerance not exceeding plus 10 percent will be allowed for thickness or yield in paint and plastic material application. Parallel Lines – The gap tolerance between parallel lines is plus or minus ½ inch. Grooves – All grooves for grooved pavement shall not exceed the length of the pavement marking by more than 1 inch, the width of the pavement marking by more than ½ inch, or the depth of groove by more than ¼ inch.

8-22.3(5) Installation Instructions

Installation instructions for plastic markings shall be provided for the Engineer. The instructions shall include equipment requirements, approved work methods and procedures, material application temperature range, air and pavement surface temperature requirements, weather limitations, precautions, and all other requirements for successful application and material performance. Do not use materials with incomplete or missing instructions. All materials including glass beads shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. A manufacturer’s technical representative shall be present at the initial installation of plastic material to approve the installation procedure, or the material manufacturer shall certify that the Contractor will install the plastic material in accordance with their recommended procedure.

8-22.3(6) Removal of Pavement Markings

Pavement markings to be removed shall be obliterated until all blemishes caused by the pavement marking removal conform to the coloration of the adjacent pavement. Grinding to remove pavement markings in their entirety is allowed in areas designated for applications of either Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) or Bituminous Surface Treatment (BST). Pavement marking removal shall be performed from April 1st through September 30th and only in those areas that shall be paved within the same time window as the grinding, unless otherwise allowed by the Engineer in writing. For all cement concrete pavement and areas that will not be overlaid with hot mix asphalt or BST, grinding is allowed to a depth just above the pavement surface and then Water blasting or shot blasting shall be required to remove the remaining pavement markings. Page 8-132 M 41-10

8-22 Pavement MarkingIf in the opinion of the Engineer, the pavement is materially damaged by pavement

marking removal, such damage shall be repaired by the Contractor in accordance with Section 1-07.13(1) . Sand or other material deposited on the pavement as a result of removing lines and markings shall be removed as the Work progresses to avoid hazardous conditions. Accumulation of sand or other material which might interfere with drainage will not be permitted.

8-22.4 Measurement

Center line, no pass line, center line with no pass line, double center line, double lane line, edge line, solid lane line, dotted lane line, dotted extension line, lane line, reversible lane line, and two-way left-turn center line will be measured by the completed linear foot as “Paint Line”, “Plastic Line”, “Embossed Plastic Line”, “Profiled Plastic Line”, “Profiled Embossed Plastic Line” or Grooved Plastic Line”. The measurement for “Paint Line” will be based on a marking system capable of simultaneous application of three 4-inch lines with two 4-inch spaces. No deduction will be made for the unmarked area when the marking includes a broken line such as center line, dotted extension line, center line with no-pass line, lane line, reversible lane line, or two-way left-turn center line. No additional measurement will be made when more than one line can be installed on a single pass such as center line with no-pass line, double center line, double lane line, reversible lane line, or two-way left-turn center line. The measurement for “Plastic Line”, “Embossed Plastic Line”, “Profiled Plastic Line”, “Profiled Embossed Plastic Line”, or “Grooved Plastic Line” will be based on the total length of each 4 inch wide plastic line installed. No deduction will be made for the unmarked area when the marking includes a broken line such as, center line, dotted extension line, center line with no-pass line, lane line, reversible lane line, or two-way left- turn center line. Wide dotted circulating lane line, wide solid lane line, strong lane line, wide edge line, wide lane line, wide broken lane line, double wide lane line, wide dotted lane line, and wide dotted extension line will be measured by the completed linear foot as “Painted Wide Line”, “Plastic Wide Line”, “Profiled Plastic Wide Line”, Profiled Embossed Wide Line”, or “Grooved Plastic Wide Line”. The measurement for double wide lane line will be based on the total length of each wide lane line installed. The measurement for “Painted Wide Line”, “Plastic Wide Line”, “Profiled Plastic Wide Line”, “Profiled Embossed Wide Line”, or “Grooved Plastic Wide Line” will be based on the total length of each 8-inch wide line installed. No deduction will be made for the unmarked area when the marking includes a broken or dotted line. Wide Dotted Entry Line will be measured by the completed linear foot as “Painted 12-inch Line” or “Plastic 12-inch Line”. No deduction will be made for the unmarked area when the marking includes a broken or dotted line. “Painted Barrier Center Line”, “Plastic Barrier Center Line”, “Painted Stop Line”, and “Plastic Stop Line”, will be based on the total length of each painted, plastic or profiled plastic line installed. No additional measurement for payment will be made for the required second application of paint. No additional measurement for payment will be made for additional applications required to meet thickness requirements for plastic markings. Diagonal lines used to delineate parking stalls that are constructed of painted or plastic 4-inch lines will be measured as “Paint Line” or “Plastic Line” by the linear foot of line installed. Crosswalk line will be measured by the square foot of marking installed. Crosshatch markings used to delineate median and gore areas will be measured by the completed linear foot as “Painted Crosshatch Marking” or “Plastic Crosshatch Marking” and will be based on the total length of each 8-inch or 12-inch wide line installed. M 41-10 Page 8-133 Pavement Marking 8-22Traffic arrows, traffic letters, access parking space symbols, HOV symbols, railroad crossing symbols, drainage markings, junction box markings, bicycle lane symbols, aerial surveillance full, and ½ markers, yield line symbols, yield ahead symbols, and speed bump symbols will be measured per each. Type 1 through 6 traffic arrows will be measured as one unit each, regardless of the number of arrow heads. Removal of lines, regardless of width, will be measured by the linear foot, with no deduction being made for the unmarked area when the marking includes a gap. Removal of traffic arrows, traffic letters, access parking space symbol, HOV lane symbol, railroad crossing symbol, bicycle lane symbols, drainage markings, aerial surveillance full and ½ markers, yield line symbol, yield ahead symbol, and speed bump symbol will be measured per each. Removal of crosswalk lines will be measured by the square foot of lines removed.

8-22.5 Payment

Payment will be made for each of the following Bid items that are included in the Proposal: “Paint Line”, per linear foot. “Plastic Line”, per linear foot. “Embossed Plastic Line”, per linear foot. “Profiled Plastic Line”, per linear foot. “Profiled Embossed Plastic Line”, per linear foot. “Grooved Plastic Line”, per linear foot. “Painted Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Plastic Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Embossed Plastic Wide Line” per linear foot. “Profiled Plastic Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Profiled Embossed Plastic Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Grooved Plastic Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Painted 12-inch Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Plastic 12-inch Wide Line”, per linear foot. “Painted Barrier Center Line”, per linear foot. “Plastic Barrier Center Line”, per linear foot. “Painted Stop Line”, per linear foot. “Plastic Stop Line”, per linear foot. “Painted Crosswalk Line”, per square foot. “Plastic Crosswalk Line”, per square foot. “Painted Crosshatch Marking”, per linear foot. “Plastic Crosshatch Marking”, per linear foot. “Painted Traffic Arrow”, per each. “Plastic Traffic Arrow”, per each. “Painted Traffic Letter”, per each. “Plastic Traffic Letter”, per each. “Painted Access Parking Space Symbol”, per each. “Plastic Access Parking Space Symbol”, per each. “Painted Railroad Crossing Symbol”, per each. Page 8-134 M 41-10

8-22 Pavement Marking“Plastic Railroad Crossing Symbol”, per each.

“Painted Bicycle Lane Symbol”, per each. “Plastic Bicycle Lane Symbol”, per each. “Painted Drainage Marking”, per each. “Plastic Drainage Marking”, per each. “Painted Junction Box Marking”, per each. “Plastic Junction Box Marking”, per each. “Painted Aerial Surveillance Full Marker”, per each. “Plastic Aerial Surveillance Full Marker”, per each. “Painted Aerial Surveillance ½ Marker”, per each. “Plastic Aerial Surveillance ½ Marker”, per each. “Painted Access Parking Space Symbol with Background”, per each. “Plastic Access Parking Space Symbol with Background”, per each. “Painted HOV Lane Symbol”, per each. “Plastic HOV Lane Symbol”, per each. “Painted Yield Line Symbol”, per each. “Plastic Yield Line Symbol”, per each. “Painted Yield Ahead Symbol”, per each. “Plastic Yield Ahead Symbol”, per each. “Painted Speed Bump Symbol”, per each. “Plastic Speed Bump Symbol”, per each. “Removing Paint Line”, per linear foot. “Removing Plastic Line”, per linear foot. “Removing Painted Crosswalk Line”, per square foot. “Removing Plastic Crosswalk Line”, per square foot. “Removing Painted Traffic Marking”, per each. “Removing Plastic Traffic Marking”, per each. The unit Contract price for the aforementioned Bid items shall be full payment for all costs to perform the Work as described in Section 8-22 .