Wisconsin WisDOT Standard Specifications (within FDM) — Section 646

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 454 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 646 Pavement Marking

646.1Description

(1)This section describes provi ding and removing pavement marking .

646.2Materials

646.2.1 General

(1)Furnish pavement marking produ cts from the department's APL. Submit certificates of compliance

certifying that the products supp lied under the contract conform to these specifications. 646.2.2 Glass Beads

(1)Furnish dual coated glass beads treated for both moisture resi stance and adherence conforming to

AASHTO M247, Type I, except with a minimum of 80 percent true spheres. For each batch of beads actually furnished for the work, submit a certificate of compliance certifying that beads supplied under the contract conform to these specifications.

(2)Furnish beads in containers or bags labeled with the bead type , net weight, lot or batch number, blend

date, and manufacturer's name and address. 646.3 Construction 646.3.1 General 646.3.1.1 General Marking Revise 646.3.1.1(1) to reinstate langua ge that prohibited removing polymer o verlay material to receive pavement marking. This change was implemented in ASP 6 effective with the December 2017 letting.

(1)Prepare the surface and apply m arking as the manufacturer spec ifies. Provide manufacturer

specifications as the engineer r equests. Do not mark over a mar king product with less adherence or over chipped or peeled marking. Do not remove polymer overlay materials in areas receiving pavement marking. Use only epoxy pavement marking w here the contract requires mar king placed on polymer overlays.

(2)For moving marking operations conform to the marking plan deta ils.

(3)On highways open to 2-way traffic, in addition to the marking vehicle, provide a leading vehicle and at

least one trailing vehicle. Do not use flashing arrow panels to direct traffic to pass. Equip each leading and trailing vehicle with the following:

1.A slow-moving vehicle emblem.

2.One or more flashing or rev olving yellow lights showing to the front and rear.

3.Signs to advise traffic of the wet line and number of vehic les in the marking train.

(4)On one-way roadways, operate mar king train vehicles in the dir ection of traffic. Provide the same

marking train as specified for 2-way traffic in 646.3.1.1(3) except as follows: - A leading vehicle is not requi red, but use 2 tr ailing vehicles. - The contractor may use flashi ng arrow panels to direct traffi c to pass. Revise 646.3.1.1(5) to require masking over pavement marking when resealing bridge decks. This change was implemented in ASP 6 effective with the December 2017 letting.

(5)After the marking can sustain exposure to traffic, re-apply cl ear protective surface treatment

conforming to 502.2.11 where removed from structures du ring marking surface preparati on. Seal exposed concrete including grooves for tape. Cover marking duri ng resealing with a system that will not degrade the marking's retroreflectivity when removed. Uncover marking before opening to traffic. 646.3.1.2 Liquid Marking

(1)Apply marking to the width and color the bid item indicates. Provide a sharp cutoff for both sides and

ends of the marking with a unifo rm cross-section. Do not damage existing marking that will remain in place.

(2)If the engineer requests, provide calculations demonstrating t hat the application rate is consistent with

the specified dimensions and t hat the bead application rate is consistent with the specified rate. If on any 0.5-mile section or individual special marking have a calcu lated application rate less than 90 percent of that specifie d, remove and remark this section or sp ecial marking.

(3)If the roadway is open to traffic use temporary raised pavemen t markers or apply temporary same day

marking. Apply permanent marking within 7 days of completing ma inline paving. If the roadway is closed during construction, appl y permanent marking before opening to traffic.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 455 2019 Standard Spec ifications (4) Protect freshly applied marking until the line is dry or cured enough to prevent pic kup under traffic. Place traffic cones on wet lines immediately behind the marking train or use a convoy of moving vehicles to keep traffic from crossing the wet line. Remove cones promptly after the line dries or cures.

(5)Apply liquid marking and glass beads across the line at or exc eeding the following:

LIQUID MARKING PAVEMENT TYPE THICKNESS BEAD APPLICATION

(mils)(pounds per gallon)

Paint all 16 8-10 Epoxy SMA, seal coats, and polymer overlays 25 25 Epoxy all other 20 22.5 646.3.1.3 Cold Weather Marking Revise 646.3.1.3 to include tape; epoxy width, thickness, a nd bead rate; and proving period for cold weather marking.

(1)Do not place permanent paint or permanent tape marking if the ambient or pavement temperature is

below 50 F. Choose an epoxy marking compatible with field conditions when placed. Do not place permanent epoxy marking if the ambient or pavement temperature is below 35 F unless the engineer allows in writing.

(2)If the engineer allows or requires marking below the specified minimum temperatures , apply epoxy

from the department's APL in the exact location and width where permanent marking would be installed. Place epoxy at the mil thickne ss and the glass bead application rate specified for permanent epoxy. Maintain until weather permits permanent placement.

(3)Using the failure criteria specified in 646.3.1.5 , perform corrective maint enance whenever the failure

rate exceeds 25 percent of any section of marking. Completely remove and replace cold weather marking with permanent mar king when weather permits. The proving period for the final marking begins after replacement. 646.3.1.4 Removing Marking

(1)Completely remove marking from locations the plan show or as t he engineer directs. Unless the bid

item designates water blasting , the contractor may use one or a combination of air blasting, water blasting, and grinding. Provide a dust control system and remov e accumulated sand or other materials. Collect, haul, and dis pose of dust or residue from r emovals.

(2)Perform air blasting conforming to the following:

- If air blasting within 10 fee t of a lane open to traffic, rem ove all dust and other residue continuously while blast cleaning. - If removing existing marking be fore applying new marking, exp ose at least 90 percent of the marking surface. - If removing yellow centerline for no passing zone changes, en sure that the cycling mechanism on line removal equipment produces a uniform cycle or alternatively rem ove by hand.

(3)Perform water blasting only if the ambient temperature is at l east 36F and rising. Use a truck mounted

ultra-high pressure pump and water tank capable of delivering a minimum of 30,000 psi and up to 40,000 psi to water jet nozzles. Provide a vacuum recovery system that contains waste water and debris to provide a clean, damp-dry surface, without a secondar y cleanup operation.

(4)Grind using a truck-mounted or hand system capable of complete removal of the marking. Provide a

vacuum system to completely collect dust and debris. 646.3.1.5 Proving Period

(1)The department will accept the wo rk based on an inspection con ducted when the contractor completes

the work. The engineer will, how ever, conduct post acceptance i nspections periodically during a proving period to evaluate the performance of the marking. The proving period begins on the last day of the month, for all marking pl aced within each calendar month . For paint, the proving period is 180 days. For other marking, the proving period extends through April 15 of the next calendar year or 180 days, whichever is longer. If weat her or road surf ace conditions prevent the engineer from fully evaluating the marking at the end of the proving period, the en gineer may extend the proving period.

(2)The engineer will determine the per cent failing during the pro ving period. The engineer will exclude

failures due to abrasion loss at p rivate entrances and within i ntersections, except fo r roundabouts. The department defines failure as disc oloration, chipping, substrate exposure, or inadequate reflectivity. Color readings need to meet ASTM D6628 . The department measures reflectivity in the direction of travel. Failing reflectivi ty, in millicandelas/lux/m2, is defined as:

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 456 2019 Standard Spec ifications 180 DAY DRY MATERIAL COLOR RETROREFLECTIVITY Paint White < 235 Yellow < 140 Epoxy White < 250 Yellow < 160 Permanent Tape White < 525 Yellow < 380

(3)The engineer will conduct an initial inspection of each markin g section defined as follows:

1.Each edge line, lane line, or centerline, measured through any 0.5 mile section.

2.Gore marking or turning lane marking at a single interchang e or intersection.

3.Each roundabout.

(4)Replace all marking in secti ons with more than 10 percent failing and repair or replace marking that

the engineer deems impr operly constructed . If post-acceptance i nspections uncover evidence of defective material or improper construction, the department may revoke acceptance under 105.11.2.3 . 646.3.2 Long Line Marking 646.3.2.1 General

(1)Long lines are centerlines, lane lines, edge lines, channelizing lines, and dotted extension lines.

(2)On contracts without the Locating No-Passing Zones bid item where pavement resurfacing covers the

marking, mark the beginning and e nd of all existing centerlines . After completing the resurfacing, accurately re-mark the centerlines. 646.3.2.2 Liquid Marking Equipment

(1)Use equipment that can spray bot h yellow and white material to produce uniform lines of the specified

dimension. Ensure the equipment can do the following: - Applies lines both on the le ft and right sides, not necessarily simultaneously. - Applies 2 lines simultaneously, with either line in a solid o r intermittent pattern, in yellow or white. - Reports a daily-accumulated in stalled length for each gun. - Reports a volume of paint used each day.

(2)Use automatic, mechanical devices to apply glass beads and rep ort the volume used.

646.3.2.3 Grooving 646.3.2.3.1 General

(1)Provide a groove depth as follows:

PRODUCT GROOVED DEPTH Grooved Wet Reflective Epoxy 80 +/- 10 mils Grooved Tape 120 +/- 10 mils

(2)Groove a maximum of 4 inches from both ends and 1 inch wider t han the width of the marking

segment. Achieve straight alignment with the grooving equipment , not to exceed a 3/8 inch variation in any 40-foot section of travelled way. Use a high-pressure air b lower to clean the groove.

(3)For grooving concrete, if water is used in the grooving process, allow the groove to dry a minimum of

24 hours before cleaning. Before applying the marking, ensure t hat the groove surface is clean and dry.

(4)For grooving asphalt, wait 5 or more days after paving. Notify the engineer immediatel y if the structural

integrity of the asphalt pavement is inadequate to support grooving operations. 646.3.2.3.2 Wet Reflective Epoxy

(1)Apply wet reflective epoxy in a g rooved slot with an epoxy bin der that is 20 mils thick. Provide a

double drop system of 5.3 pounds p er gallon of wet reflective e lements with 18-22 pounds per gallon of the following gradation: US MESH PERCENT PASSING 18 65 - 80 30 30 - 50 50 0 - 5

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 457 2019 Standard Spec ifications 646.3.2.4 Contrast Marking Revise 646.3.2.4(1) to no longer require the application of black aggregate on black epoxy.

(1)Apply 1 1/2 inches of black epoxy with a matte finish on either side of the white marking; black marking

is not required on the ends. Appl y epoxy at a wet mil thickness of 20. Do not apply glass beads to black epoxy. 646.3.2.5 Permanent Same Day Marking

(1)Under the Marking Same Day bid item, apply centerlines and no- passing barrier lines on the same day

the final surface is placed or on the same day existing marking is removed. If weat her or pavement conditions prohibit same-day app lications, delineate the travel lanes and provide no-passing signing as the engineer directs. Apply c enterlines as soon as conditions allow. The engineer may restrict operations until this marking is completed.

(2)As an option, the contractor may use temporary marking to conf orm to these same-day requirements.

Remove temporary marking before pl acing same day permanent marking. 646.3.3 Special Marking

(1)Under the Marking Railroad Crossings bid items, apply the RXR symbol and 3 transverse lines as the

plans show. Also apply edge lines, lane lines, and centerlines adjacent to the railroad crossing.

(2)Under the Marking Curb bid ite ms, mark the vertical face and t he top of the curb.

(3)Under the Marking Aerial Enforcement Bars bid items, the department will locate the marking. Notify

the engineer at least one week before marking so the State Patr ol can provide exact locations.

646.4Measurement

(1)The department will measure the EACH bid items under this section as each individual unit acceptably

completed and as follows: - The department will measure the Marking Yield Line bid items as each individual triangle in the yield line.

(2)The department will measure the LF bid items under this section by the linear foot of line acceptably

completed.

(3)The department will measure the Marking Corrugated Median bid items by the square foot acceptably

completed.

(4)The department will measure the Marking Removal bid items unde r this section as follows:

- Marking Removal Lines bid ite ms by the linear foot of line ac ceptably completed. - Marking Removal Special Marki ng bid items as each individual arrow, symbol, or word acceptably removed. The department will coun t removing an RXR symbol as 3 individual symbol removals. Revise 646.4(5) specify measurement of the co ld weather bid items previously in STSP 646-010.

(5)The department will measure the Co ld Weather Marking Epoxy bid items by the LF of initial marking

acceptably placed, maintained, and removed. The department will not measure work under these bid items as follows: - If the contractor fails to maintai n and remove the initial marking as required in 646.3.1.3(2) . - If initial marking is placed on d ays when the department is assessing liquidated damages.

646.5Payment

Revise 646.5 to add payment for Cold Weather Marking Epo xy 4-Inch and 8-Inch bid items previously in STSP 646-01. 646.5.1 General

(1)The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid

items. ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

646.1000 - 1020 Marking Line (material) 4-Inch LF

21 - 1999 Marking Line Grooved (material/type) 4-Inch LF

646.3000 - 3020 Marking Line (material) 8-Inch LF

21 - 3999 Marking Line Grooved (material/type) 8-Inch LF

646.4500 - 4699 Marking Line Sam e Day (material) (width) LF

646.5000 - 5099 Marking Arrow (material) EACH

646.5100 - 5199 Marking Word (material) EACH

646.5200 - 5299 Marking Symbol (material) EACH

646.5300 - 5399 Marking Railroad Crossing (material) EACH

646.5400 - 5499 Marking Aerial E nforcement Bar (material) EACH

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 458 2019 Standard Spec ifications 646.5500 - 5599 Marking Outfall (material) EACH

646.6000 - 6199 Marking Stop Line (material) (width) LF

646.6200 - 6299 Marking Yield Line (material) 18-Inch EACH

646.6300 - 6399 Marking Dotted Ex tension (material) 18-inch LF

646.6400 - 6499 Cold Weather Marking Epoxy (width) LF

646.7000 - 7199 Marking Diagonal (material) (width) LF

646.7200 - 7399 Marking Chev ron (material) 24-inch LF

646.7400 - 7599 Marking Crosswalk (material/type) (width) LF

646.8000 - 8099 Marking Corru gated Median (material) SF

646.8100 - 8199 Marking Curb (material) LF

646.8200 - 8299 Marking Island Nose (material) EACH

646.8300 - 8399 Marking Parking Stall (material) LF

646.9000 - 9299 Marking Removal Line (method) (width) LF

646.9300 - 9399 Marking Removal Special Marking (method) EACH

646.9400 - 9499 Marking Removal Plowable Raised Pavement Marker EACH

(2)Payment for the Marking bid it ems under this section is full c ompensation for providing the marking;

and for resealing areas of clear protective surface treatments on structures.

(3)Payment for liquid markings inc ludes remarking as required under 646.3.1.2(2) .

(4)Payment for the Marking bid it ems under this section also incl udes installing and removing all

temporary marking installed under the contractor option of same -day marking.

(5)Payment for the Marking Removal bid items is full compensation for removing the marking and for

resealing areas of clear protective surface treatments on structures. 646.5.2 Cold Weather Marking

(1)Payment for the Cold Weather Marking Epoxy bid items is full co mpensation for providing the initial

marking including maintenance and removal. If the associated Cold Weather Marking bid item is not in the contract, the department will pay for the initial marking, maintenance, and removal as extra work.

(2)The department will pay separately for the final marking under the associated Marking bid items.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 459 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 648 Locating No-passing Zones

648.1Description

(1)This section describes locati ng and marking both ends of no-pa ssing zones on the pavement surface

independently from existing no-passing zones.

648.2Materials

(1)Furnish paint that will be read ily visible unt il no-passing ba rrier lines are placed. Use white on asphalt

and black on concrete. 648.3 Construction 648.3.1 Equipment

(1)Furnish two vehicles equipped wi th two-way communications equi pment, full-width flashing yellow light

bars with 360 degree visibility, and distance measuring instrum ents (DMI). Ensure that DMI have an accuracy of at least 10 foot per m ile and decrease the measured distance when the vehicle backs up.

(2)Provide a target on the lead vehi cle 42 inches above the roadw ay offering a sharp cutoff when it

appears and disappe ars. Ensure that the obs erver's eye in the t railing vehicle is 42 inches above the roadway. 648.3.2 Locating No-Passing Zones

(1)Establish no-passing zones where there is inadequate sight dis tance conforming to the methods

described in 3-2-2 of the departm ent's traffic guidelines manua l. Do not allow the line-of-sight to extend outside the shoulder and ensure that there are no blind spots within the required sight distance.

(2)Establish both ends of no-passing zones to an accuracy of 50 f eet. If the no-passing zone is less than

500 feet long, extend the zone to 500 feet by lengthening at it s beginning in each traffic direction. Conform to the no-passing zone sight distance requirements as follows: NO-PASSING ZONE MINIMUM DISTANCE[1] POSTED SPEED LIMIT SIGHT DISTANCE BETWEEN ZONES 25 - 30 mph 0.10 miles/528 feet 0.10 miles/528 feet 35 - 40 mph 0.13 miles/686 feet 0.10 miles/528 feet 45 - 50 mph 0.16 miles/845 feet 0.13 miles/686 feet 55 mph see[2] 0.15 miles/792 feet [1] If the distance between 2 succe ssive no-passing zones is less than the minimum distance between zones, connect the 2 zones. [2] The no-passing zone sight distanc e is specified in the special provisions.

(3)Establish no-passing barrier lines as the plan details show for features including but not limited to the

following:

1.Major intersections with fu ll right turn lane or bypass lanes.

2.Two-lane to four-lane divided highway transitions.

3.Median islands.

4.Two-lane bridges less than 24 feet wide.

5.Railroad - highway grade crossings.

6.Climbing lanes and passing lanes.

(4)If the contract specifies, also establish no-passing zones on detour routes. Unless the engineer directs

otherwise, use state trunk highway criteria to locate no-passin g zones on county trunk highways and local roads on the detour route. Base the locations on posted d etour speed limits.

(5)Establish no-passing zones at o ther locations the contract spe cifies and at engineer-directed special

locations. Check with the engineer before beginning work to determine if there are special no-passing zones to mark under the contract.

(6)Check the correctness of no-pa ssing zones leading into and out of the project limits. Ensure that the

minimum distance between zones and sight distance are correct. 648.3.3 No-Passing Zone Marks

(1)Spray paint T's and dots on the roadway to mark the beginning and end of all no-passing zones. Make

T's one foot by one foot with at least a 2-inch wide line with a 3 to 4 inch diameter dot on the centerline adjacent to the T stem.

Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 463–467 of 601.

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645 Geosynthetics

648 Locating No-passing Zones