369 SECTION 762
762.01 Description
This work consists of furnishing and installing pavement markings.
762.02 Equipment
A.Paint Application. To apply pavement marking paint and glass beads, use a self -propelled, pneumatic spraying machine with atomizing nozzles or airless nozzles capable of applying two 4 inch to 8 inch wide lines at one time. Equip the spray mechanism with quick opening and closing valves. Use equipment capable of applying the materials at the specified rate and in an even and uniform thickness with clearly defined edges. Use an applicator with reservoirs equipped with agitators that keep the material in a smooth, even mixture. Equip the applicator with an automatic skip control device that applies a stripe of specified length with a linear tolerance of 3 inches. Equip the applicator with a guide boom and make the applicator capable of retracing and applying materials to traffic markings in place. Equip the machine with a dispenser adjusted and synchronized with the paint applicator to distribute the glass beads uniformly on the painted lines using air pressure. Equip the bead dispenser with an automatic cutoff control, synchronized with the cutoff of the striping material. Use hand-operated equipment to place the pavement markings and reflectorized spheres on areas not accessible to the pavement marking applicator.
B.Grooving Equipment. Use grooving equipment that has the following characteristics: − Equipped with diamond blades mounted on a self propelled machine designed for grinding a recess into the pavement surface; − Equipped with a dust collection system capable of removing and containing airborne emissions incurred during grooving operations; − Uses mounted diamond blades on a floating head with controls capable of providing uniform depth and alignment; and − Capable of grooving a total width sufficient to install 4 inch wide pavement marking in a single pass. Do not use equipment that causes strain or damage to the underlying surface of the pavement.
C.Data Logging System (DLS). Use a computerized DLS capable of documenting a minimum length of 300 linear feet. 370 Use a DLS capable of generating an electronic record. The electronic record shall consist of a comma or space delimited text file capable of being opened using electronic spreadsheet software.
762.03 Materials
Item Section Water Based Pavement Marking Paint 880.01 Epoxy Pavement Marking Paint 880.02 Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking Film 880.03 Short Term Pavement Marking - Type NR (Non -Removable) 880.04 A Short Term Pavement Marking - Type R (Removable) 880.04 B Raised Pavement Markers 880.05
762.04 Construction Requirements
A.Pavement Surface Preparation.
1.General. Install pavement markings on clean and dry surface. Air blast the pavement immediately before the paint application using an air compressor that supplies air free of oil and water. The Engineer will locate the beginning and ending points of “no-passing zone” markings. The Engineer will not mark broken line intervals.
2.Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking Film. Primer may be used to precondition the pavement surface.
3.Epoxy. Prepare pavement surfaces as specified by the epoxy paint manufacturer. Shotblast or grind existing epoxy pavement markings to remove a sufficient amount of the existing epoxy marking to provide a clean, rough surface for the application of new epox y markings.
4.Grooved Pavement Markings.
a.General. For messages, groove the same area as the messages. Do not groove a rectangular area to contain the message. After grinding, blow the grooved slot clean to remove any residue and loose material before the installation of the pavement marking. When wet-gr inding, immediately pressure wash the grooved slot to remove residue.
b.Grooves for Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking Film. If specified in the plans, groove a recess into the pavement surface for each stripe that meets the tolerances specified in Table 762-01. 371 Table 762 -01 Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking Film Grooves Parameter Tolerance Depth 90 to 110 mils Smoothness Ridges, within the groove, shall be no more than 6 mils higher than either adjacent valley Width line width plus 1/2 inch Length line length plus 3 inches per end of line Line End Tapers 3 inches If pavement marking installation does not occur within 24 hours of grinding, sandblast the groove and install the pavement markings the same day the sandblasting occurs.
c.Grooves for Epoxy Paint. If specified in the plans, groove a recess into the pavement surface for each stripe that meets the tolerances specified in Table 762-02. Table 762 -02 Epoxy Paint Grooves Parameter Tolerance Depth 45 to 55 mils Smoothness Ridges, within the groove, shall be no more than 6 mils higher than either adjacent valley Width line width plus 1 inch Length (skips) line length plus 3 inches per end of line Line End Tapers 3 inches After creating the groove, prepare the surface in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction
B.Traffic Control.
1.General. Properly place necessary traffic control devices and ensure they are in operation before starting construction. Keep the devices current and placed only in the areas of actual work activities. Keep traffic control devices in place until the pavement marking has dried and the Engineer approves their removal. Do not perform equipment preparation, testing, filling, and cleaning on the roadway.
2.Traffic Movement. Maintain traffic through the work area at all times according to the traffic control plan and Section 704 “Temporary Traffic Control”. Furnish flag persons when needed. Maintain two-way traffic on two-lane roadways and keep 1/2 of the roadway open to traffic on multi -lane roadways at all times. Include the cost to furnish, erect, and maintain cones, signs, and barricades including the cost for flagging and shadow vehicles, in the cost of pavem ent marking. 372 3. Protection Vehicles. Provide protection vehicles as specified in Section 704.04 M, “Protection Vehicle with Truck Mounted Attenuation Device (TMA)” .
C.Permanent Pavement Marking.
1.General.
a.Application. Apply pavement marking paint during daylight.
b.Data Logging System (DLS). The use of a computerized DLS is required for monitoring the application of water based paint and epoxy pavement markings when the plan quantity of long lines for liquid pavement marking is 30,000 linear feet or greater. Before beginning striping operations, submit the DLS manufacture’s recommendations for equipment calibration and provide certification that the DLS equipment meets these recommendations. At the beginning of striping operations each day, verify the DLS measurement by traveling a distance of 100 feet and compare the DLS measurement with a physical measurement. Submit an electronic or printed record from the DLS each day for all longitudinal areas where striping material was machine placed. The Engineer may require more frequent submittals. Produce the record in its final format directly from the DLS, before the records are removed from the DLS. Include the following data i n the report:
1.Application vehicle speed to nearest 0.1 MPH.
2.Weight (LBS) and/or volume (GAL as measured through a piston displacement pump mechanism) of paint material used by color.
3.Weight (LBS) of reflective material used.
4.Pavement surfac e temperature (°F).
5.Air temperature (°F).
6.Dew point (°F).
7.Humidity (%).
8.The system shall record the average material application rates and film thickness calculated over the section painted. 373 9. For every highway marked, the highway number with beginning and ending reference points rounded to the nearest thousandths of a mile and all information listed above.
c.Acceptance. Upon initial inspection pavement markings must demonstrate satisfactory retroreflectivity and proper daytime and nighttime colors. Where material yield computations show a deficiency in material usage of less than 20 percent, the Engineer may accept the work and process a contract price adjustment in direct proportion to the percent of the deficiency. The Engineer will reject the work if the deficiency in material usage is 20 percent or more. Where retroreflectivity is less than 20 percent below the minimum levels, the Engineer may accept the work and process a contract price adjustment in direct proportion to the percent of the deficiency. The Engineer will reject the work if the deficiency in retroreflectivity is 20 percent or more. Remove and replace material if the yield computations show that the amount of material applied is below the specified requirements. Remove and replace material that has measured retroreflectivity below the specified requirements. Use suitable blasting or grinding equipment to removed deficient material. If the Engineer requires removal and replacement, remove at least 90 percent of the deficient line, with no excessive scarring of the existing pavement. Perform removal actions to a width of 1 inch wider all around the nominal width of the pavement marking to be removed.
2.Water Based Paint.
a.Method of Application. Allow new bituminous treatment to cool to a temperature below 125°F and cure for a period of 72 hours before applying permanent pavement marking. Apply pavement marking paint and glass beads separately by machine. Use hand application where machine application is not feasible. Apply water based paint when the air and pavement surface temperatures are 45°F or warmer. Do not apply paint when the air or pavement surface temperatures are forecasted to be colder than the minimum application temperature during the curing period of the paint. Apply pavement marking paint and beads only during daylight hours.
b.Rate of Application. Apply paint at a rate so that 1 gallon of paint will cover a 4 inch wide stripe for a length of 260 to 300 feet. Do not dilute paint, but the Engineer will allow a small quantity of naphtha thinner to flush out paint containers. Uniformly distribute glas s beads over the wet paint stripe at a rate of at least 6 pounds per gallon of paint. Apply beads using an automatic pressure dispenser. 374 If the application rates are not within the requirements, stop the marking application until corrections are made.
c.Tolerances.
1.Surface Applied. Place surface applied markings within the following tolerances: • 3 inches of the specified length. • 1/4 inch of the specified width. • 6 inches in a 40 foot cycle. • 2 inches from the proper alignment. • Begin dashed lines placed over existing dashed lines within 6 inches of the beginning of the existing line.
2.Grooved. Apply the grooved markings in the groove and within the following tolerances: • 2 inches of the specified length and • 1/4 inch of the specitied width.
3.Epoxy Paint Pavement Markings.
a.General. Apply pavement marking paint and glass beads separately by machine. Use hand application where machine application is not feasible. Apply the epoxy pavement marking material at a thickness of 20 mils . Calculate thickness without drop on glass beads. Apply glass beads immediately after the placement of the epoxy. Use a dispenser system that delivers at least 25 pounds of beads per gallon of epoxy material. If the application rates are not within the requirements, stop the marking application until corrections are made. Do not apply material over a longitudinal joint. Do not apply markings if the wind or other conditions cause a film of dust to be deposited on the pavement surface before the material can be applied. If short term paint was applied, epoxy pavement markings may be placed directly over the short term paint. Place epoxy materials only when air and pavement temperatures are at least 50°F. The Engineer will allow lower temperature if the manufacturer, in writing, approves a lower temperature and warranties the adhesion of the epoxy to the pavement for a minimum of one year. Place epoxy material after bituminous material has been in place for a minimum of 14 days. 375 b. Tolerances. Place epoxy paint within the tolerances specified in Section 762.04 C.2.c, “Tolerances” .
c.Retroreflectivity. Place epoxy pavement markings so that the initial retroreflectivity values of the markings are at or above those shown in Table 762-03. The initial retroreflectivity values are those obtained at least 2 weeks after the placement of markings. Table 762 -03 Retroreflectivity Values (mcd/m2/lux) White Yellow 275 180
4.Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking Film. Install the permanent marking film in accordance to the manufacturer’s temperature recommendations. Do not place the permanent marking film over painted markings. Prepare the pavement surface for installation as required by the manufacturer. Cut the film at open joints or cracks in the pavement. Tamp the cut ends firmly into place.
D.Short -Term Pavement Marking.
1.General.
a.Short Term Pavement Marking Condition Classifications. The Engineer will rate short term pavement markings as “acceptable”, “marginal”, or “unacceptable” in accordance with Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features , published by ATSSA. Install short- term pavement markings that are classified as acceptable. The Engineer will allow markings that degrade into the “marginal” category during the course of the work to remain in place. Replace markings that fall into the “unacceptable” range no more than 24 hours after being notified of the marking’s condition.
b.Maintenance and Duration. As necessary, remove material from raised pavement markers that reduces the brightness of reflectorized sheeting. Immediately remove all markings that are no longer required.
c.Installation Requirements. Use the same method of surface preparation as specified for permanent installation. Apply short- term pavement marking to the center line to the full length of the surface treatment and milled surface before sunset on the same day the work is performed. Do not resume paving or milling operations if the short-term pavement marking has not been replaced as required. On the final lift, allow new asphalt pavements to cool to 125°F before applying short- term pavement marking paint. Place short- term pavement marking on the final lift of new pavement with alignment and spacing so that the permanent striping matches when applied. Correct errors in alignment and spacing or remove the short-term markings just before the installation of the permanent str iping.
2.Short -Term Pavement Marking – Type NR (Non-Removable). Allow the final lift of asphalt pavements to cool to 125°F before Type NR markings. Place the short term pavement markings at the rate specified in Section 762.04 C.2.b, “Rate of Application” with the following exception: Exception: When the permanent pavement marking is specified as epoxy paint, apply the short term pavement marking at a thickness of 10 mils.
3.Short -Term Pavement Marking – Type R (Removable). Install Type R markings when the air and pavement temperatures are at a minimum of 50°F and expected to remain above 50°F. If the air or pavement temperature falls below 50°F during installation, Type NR markings may be installed as specified in Type NR (Non-Removable)” . Install Type R markings once the specified temperatures exist. Remove Type R markings once they are no longer necessary for traffic control operations. If Type NR markings were substituted for Type R markings, remove the Type NR markings using a method that does not leave a scar on the pavement.
4.Short -Term Pavement Marking - Seal Coat Projects. Use pavement marking paint and beads for short-term pavement marking for seal coat projects. Broom the areas to receive the striping before applying the paint and beads, without dislodging the chips. If the in-place short-term pavement marking has become obscured and has lost its required visibility due to being covered, or partially covered, by cover coat or blotter material, remove the material from the striped areas by light brooming or compressed air before sunset. Correct damage to the cover coat material and striping resulting from the removal operation at no additional cost to the Department. Apply paint at a rate such that 1 gallon of paint will cover a 4-inch wide stripe for a length of 200 to 240 feet. Evenly distribute glass beads over the wet paint stripe at a r ate of at least 6 pounds per gallon of paint.
5.Raised Pavement Markers. Install broken lane lines on two-lane two-way roadways using four markers spaced at 3.33 foot centers with a 30 foot gap. Space markers used for solid lines on 5 foot centers. In 377 no-passing zones, place the double rows of markers 4 inches apart. Place raised pavement markers used in double solid lines side by side. Remove raised pavement markers once they are no longer necessary for traffic control operations.
762.05 Method of Measurement
The Engineer will measure as specified in Section 109.01 “Measurement of Quantities” and as follows: The Engineer will only measure the painted or installed portion of broken lines. If substituting raised pavement markers for paint, the Engineer will measure the lengths of a pavement line that would exist if paint had been installed. The Engineer will measure pavement marking- painted messages by the square footage shown on the Plans, in place, and accepted by the Engineer.
762.06 Basis of Payment
Pay Item Pay Unit Pavement Mark Painted – Message Square Foot Pavement Mark Installation Mile Epoxy Pavement Mark Message Square Foot Epoxy Pavement Mark Message – Grooved Square Foot Epoxy Pavement Mark __IN Line Linear Foot Epoxy Pavement Mark __ IN Line – Grooved Linear Foot Epoxy Pavement Mark __ IN Line – Wet Reflective Linear Foot Preformed Patterned Pavement Mark – Message Square Foot Preformed Patterned Pavement Mark – Message (Grooved) Square Foot Raised Pavement Markers Each Short Term __IN Line – Type R Linear Foot Short Term __IN Line – Type R – Wet Reflective Linear Foot Short Term __IN Line – Type NR Linear Foot Short Term Message – Type R Square Foot Short Term Message – Type R – Wet Reflective Square Foot Short Term Message – Type NR Square Foot Short Term Painted Line – Seal Jobs Linear Foot Pavement Mark Painted __IN Line – Wet Reflective Linear Foot or Mile Pavement Mark Painted __IN Line Linear Foot Pavement Mark Painted Curb Top & Face Linear Foot Plastic Pavement Mark Film __IN Line Linear Foot Plastic Pavement Mark Film __IN Line – Grooved Linear Foot Preformed Patterned Pavement Mark __IN Line Linear Foot Preformed Patterned Pavement Mark __IN Line - Grooved Linear Foot Pavement Marking ____ - Masking Square Foot or Linear Foot 378 Include the cost of installation and removal in the price bid for Type R marking film. If Type NR markings are substituted for Type R markings due to temperature requirements, the markings will be paid for at the contract unit price for Type R markings. Such payment is full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals to complete the work as specified. Section 764 379 SECTION 764 GUARDRAIL AND ATTENUATION DEVICES
764.01 Description
This work consists of installing, removing, and resetting guardrail and attenuation devices.
764.02 Equipment
Reserved.
764.03 Materials
Item Section Concrete, Class AE 802 Deformed and Plain Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement 836.02 A Guardrail and Posts 862
764.04 Construction Requirements
A.General.
1.Installation Requirements. Before guardrail removal, installation, and extension, develop a written construction schedule for work at the guardrail location, and have the schedule reviewed by the Engineer. Include a sequence of controlling items and the timing of each in the schedule of work. Do not stop work between controlling items for more than four working days at any individual run. Install the guardrail to produce a smooth continuous line with uniform height. Set posts plumb with the front faces uniformly aligned. Backfill posts with approved material placed and compacted in 6 inch layers, using a mechanical tamper. Place hot bituminous pavement before guardrail post installation. Drill post holes for the new or reset guardrail through the hot bituminous pavement. Install the post in the remaining material by augured holes or driving. When posts are installed in augured holes, backfill the holes with approved material without displacing the post alignment. Remove surplus excavated material. When posts are driven, make the diameter of the hole in the bituminous pavement sufficient so when the soil around a post heaves up while the post is driven, the remaining asphalt will not move. If driving causes damage to posts, replace the post and install the replacement post by auguring the hole. Use a post cap if making minor vertical adjustments wi th a sledgehammer or maul. Place a maximum thickness of 2 inches of bituminous material around each post to blend the post hole into the surrounding bituminous material.
Source: North Dakota Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 404–413 of 550.