459 SECTION 880
880.01 Water Based Pavement Marking Paint
A.Material Requirements.
1.General. Use acrylic emulsion polymer or modified acrylic polymer in the manufacture of the water - based pavement marking paint. Provide paint capable of receiving and holding glass beads for producing retroreflective pavement marking. Provide paint that is free of heavy metals as defined by the EPA. Provide finished paint that is: • Fast-drying; • Capable of withstanding air and roa dway temperatures without: o Bleeding; o Staining; o Discoloring; or o Deforming; • Smooth; • Free of: o Coarse particles; o Skins; or o Any other deleterious materials that are detrimental to its use or appearance; • Homogeneous; and • Will not have detrimental interactions with common roadway chemicals. Provide paint film that is capable of maintaining the original dimensions and placement during the curing period without: • Chipping; • Spalling; or • Cracking.
2.Physical Properties
a.General Provide paint with the physical properties specified in Table 880-01. 460 Table 880 -01 Characteristic Requirement Test Volatile Organic Compounds 1.25 lbs/gal Max ASTM D 3960 Viscosity 83-98 Krebs units ASTM D 562 Grind 3 Hegman Units Minimum ASTM D 1210 No-Pick-Up Time 10 Minutes Max ASTM D 711
b.Dry Through Time. Provide paint with a maximum dry through time of 150 minutes. Dry through is when a twisting thumb action, without pressure, does not distort the paint film. Apply the paint to a non-absorbent substrate at a wet film thickness of 15 mils, with a tolerance of 1 mil. Place the substrate, with the film applied, in a humidity chamber controlled at 90 percent relative humidity with a tolerance of 5 percent and at 72.5°F with a tolerance of 2.5°F.
c.Water Resistance. Prepare a 15 mil wet film thickness sampl e on a non-absorbent substrate; allow to dry at 25°C ±1 for 72 hours. Immerse the sample in distilled water without circulation at 25°C ±1. After 18 hours, remove the sample and allow the panels to dry for two hours. Examine the sample for paint softeni ng, blistering, wrinkling, and loss of adhesion.
d.Freeze-Thaw Stability. Place 1 pint of paint in chamber maintained at -10±1°C for 16 hours. Remove the paint from the chamber and place in ambient conditions (25±1°C) for eight hours. Repeat for a total of five cycles. Acceptable paint shall show no coagulation and no change in viscosity greater than 5 Krebs Units after completion of the freeze thaw cycles.
e.Color. Provide paint with pigment that falls within CIE Chromaticity coordinate limits specified in Table 880 -02. Make color determinations for liquid marking material over the black portion of a 2A or 5C Leneta Chart or equal a minimum of 24 hours after application of a 15-mil wet film. Determine color readings in accordance with the requir ements of ASTM E 1349 using CIE 1931 2-degree standard observer and CIE standard illuminant D65. Table 880 -02 Color 1 2 3 4 x y x y x y x y White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 Yellow 0.560 0.440 0.490 0.510 0.420 0.440 0.460 0.400
f.Contrast Ratio. Provide paint that when tested according to ASTM D 2805 has a minimum contrast ratio (hiding power) that is 0.96 when drawn down with a 0.005 bird film applicator on a 2A or 5C Leneta Chart and air -dried for 24 hours. Calculate the contrast ratio as black/white. 461 g. Reflectance. Determine the daylight directional reflectance of paint according to ASTM E 1349. Apply a 15- mil wet film to a 2A or 5C Leneta Chart and allow the paint to air dry for 24 hours. Provide white paint with a minimum of 84 percent reflectance and yellow paint with a minimum of 50 percent reflectance.
h.Durability. Provide paint with a minimum durability rating of 7 on both concrete and asphalt pavement, when tested in the skip line area of a Northern NTPEP Test Deck.
i.Retroreflectivity. The minimum retroreflectivity of beaded lines, on both concrete and asphalt pavement, after 12 months of exposure on a Northern NTPEP Test Deck shall be 75 milicandelas per foot candle per square foot, when measured in the skip line area according to ASTM E 1710.
B.Manufacturing and Packaging If the project quantities are more than 1,000 gallons, manufacture the paint in lot sizes of 1,000 gallons or more. If the project quantities are less than 1,000 gall ons, manufacture the entire project quantity in one lot. Store paint at a temperature of at least 32°F. Use paint within 12 months from the time of manufacture.
C.Acceptance.
1.General. Use preapproved pavement marking paint. A list of preapproved pavement marking paint lots is available at the Department’s website: www.dot.nd.gov . Review the requirements on the website for pavement marking paint prea pproval submittals. The Department will determine conformance to this Specification using the evaluation of test data from NTPEP or other Department-approved facilities, however, the Department reserves the right to utilize additional methods when determi ning conformance.
2.Certificate of Compliance. Submit a Contractor Certificate of Compliance according to Section 106.01 C “Certificate of Compliance” and include the manufacturer’s name in the “Material Certified” field of the form.
D.Glass Beads.
1.General. Use glass beads for pavement marking that meet AASHTO M 247, Type II except use beads that have a minimum of 80 percent true spheres. Use beads that have a dual surface treatment consisting of a moisture resistant silicone treatment and a silane adherence surface treatment. 462 Furnish beads in moisture proof containers or moisture proof bags. Mark each container or bag with name of contents, manufacturer, lot or batch number, ton number, coating type, date of manufacture and the net weight.
2.Acceptance. Use preapproved glass beads for pavement marking. A list of preapprove d glass bead lots is available at the Department’s website: www.dot.nd.gov . Materials will be added to the list based on successful sampling and testing according to the NDDOT Materials Sampling and Testing Manual . Provide a certificate for each lot of the material furnished, giving the properties of the beads and certifying that they meet the required specifications. In addition to the certificate of compliance specified in Section 106.01 C, “Certificate of Compliance” include the date of manufacture.
880.02 Epoxy Pavement Marking Paint
A.General. Provide a slow cure material suitable for all applications of pavement markings under controlled traffic conditions. Provide material that is completely free of Tri -Methyl Propane Tri - Acrylate (TMPTA) and other multi -functional monomers.
B.Epoxy Resin Material.
1.General. Provide material composed of epoxy resins and pigments only. Provide material that does not give off solvents to the environment upon application to a pavement surface.
2.Color. Provide material that meets the requirements of Table 880-03 and 880-04 when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2805. Table 880 -03 CIE Chromaticity limits using illuminant “C” for Epoxy Color 1 2 3 4 x y x y x y x y White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 Yellow 0.510 0.490 0.473 0.453 0.490 0.432 0.537 0462 Table 880-04 Daylight Directional Reflectance (Y) Color Minimum Value White 83 Yellow 50
3.Adhesion Capabilities. Provide material with an adhesion value of at least 300 psi and a failure that occurs 100% in the concrete when a sample prepared to the manufacturer’s recommendations is tested according to ASTM D 7234.
4.Abrasion Resistance. Provide material with a wear index of 100 or less when tested according to ASTM D 4060 with a CS -17 wheel under a load of 1,000 grams for 1,000 cycles. The wear index is the weight in milligrams that is abraded from the sample under the test conditions.
5.Hardness. Provide material with Type D durometer hardness of at least 75 and no more than 90 when tested according to ASTM D 2240. Before performing the test, cure the material for 72 hours at a temperature between 71°F and 75°F.
6.Tensile Strength. Provide material with a tensile strength of at least 4,500 psi when tested according to ASTM D 638. Before performing the test, cure the material for 72 hours at a temperature between 71°F and 75°F.
7.Compressive Strength. Provide a material with a compressive strength of at least 12,000 psi when tested according to ASTM D 695. Before performing the test, cure the material for 72 hours at a temperature between 71°F and 75°F.
8.Shelf Life. Provide material with individual components that do not require mixing before use when stored for a period of less than 12 months.
9.Yellowness Index. Provide material with the following properties when a sample prepared to the manufacturer’s recommendations and tes ted according to ASTM E 313: − Initial yellow index reading: 10 Max (Before QUV); and − A yellow index reading of 30 Max after the sample has been placed into a QUV for 72 hours.
10.No-Pick-Up Time. Provide material with a no-pick -up time between 10 and 45 minutes when tested in accordance with ASTM D 711. Prepare the material according to the manufacturer’s instructions and apply at a 20 mil wet film thickness at a temperature between 71°F and 75°F with the proper application of glass beads.
C.Sampling Rate and Procedures. Use only preapproved pavement marking paint. A list of preapproved pavement marking paint lots is available at the Department’s website: www.dot.nd.gov . Submit one pint samples of each manufacturer’s lot or batch furnished for the contract at least 30 days before use. Submit all samples to the Department’s Materials and Research Laboratory. Identify the samples as follows: − Manufacturer’s name; − Manufacturer’s product number; − Lot/Batch number; − Color; 464 − NDDOT project numbers; and − Date manufactured.
D.Glass Beads. Provide Glass Beads that meet the requirements of AASHTO M 247 Type II , and that have a roundness of at least 80 percent, and that are moisture treated.
E.Packaging of Epoxy Components. Containers for epoxy components shall be marked with the manufacturer’s name, product identification number, lot or batch number, date of manufacture, color, net weight of contents.
880.03 Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking Film
A.General. Use markings within the manufacturer’s recommended shelf life. Store markings in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
B.Composition. Provide retroreflective pliant polymer pavement markings that consist of a mixture of polymeric materials, pigments and glass beads distributed throughout its base cross -sectional area, with a reflective layer of ceramic beads bonded to a poly urethane topcoat surface. Provide material with a patterned surface with between 35 and 65 percent of the surface area raised and presenting a near vertical face to traffic approaching from all directions. Ensure the channels between the raised areas are substantially free of exposed beads or particles. Provide material that has minimal exposed beads and particles between the raised areas. Provide preformed markings that conform to pavement contours by the action of traffic. Provide pavements markings applied using a pressure sensitive adhesive in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Provide markings that are immediately ready for traffic after application.
C.Skid Resistance. Provide tape that has a surface that provides an initial minimum skid resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E 303. Obtain the values at downweb and at 45 degree angle from downweb. Average the two values to find the skid resistance of the patterned surface.
D.Thickness. Provide patterned material that, without adhesive, has a minimum thickness of 65 mils at the thickest portion of the patterned cross -section and minimum thickness of 20 mils at the thinnest portion of the cross -section. 465 E. Beads. Provide ceramic beads on the surface of the material that have a minimum index of refraction of 1.7 when tested according to ASTM E 1967. Provide glass beads, that when mixed into pliant polymer, have a minimum index of 1.5 when tested according to ASTM E 1967.
F.Patchability. Provide film capable of being patched using the same type of material.
G.Reflectance. Provide markings that have minimum initial retroreflectance values specified in Table 880-05 when measured according to ASTM D 4061. Measure specific luminance (SL) expressed as millicandela s per square foot per foot candle. Use a 50 foot test distance and a sample size of a 2.0 × 2.5 foot rectangle. Table 880 -05 White Yellow Entrance Angle 86.5° 86.5° Observation Angle 1° 1° SL1 700 500 1 Obtain reflectance measurements using an “Ecolux” brand retroreflectometer or equivalent.
880.04 Short Term Pavement Marking
A.Short Term Pavement Marking – Type NR (Non-Removable). Place short- term pavement marking that meets Marking Paint” .
B.Short Term Pavement Marking – Type R (Removable).
1.General.
a.Color. For white marking film, provide film that closely matches Color Chip 37925 of Federal Standard 595b. For yellow marking film, provide film that closely matches Color Chip 33538 of Federal Standard 595b.
b.Beads. Provide bead adhesion such that beads are not easily removed when the material surface is scratched with a thumbnail.
c.Adhesive. Provide preformed tape that is immediately ready for traffic after application and is pre- coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that adheres to pavement without the use of heat, solvents, or other additional adhesive means.
d.Removability. Provide marking film that is removable from asphalt and concrete surfaces intact or in large pieces, either manually or with a roll -up device at temperatures above 40°F without the use of heat, solvents, grinding or blasting.
e.Skid Resistance. The surface of the markings provides an initial minimum skid resistance value of 50 BPN when tested according to ASTM E 303.
f.Initial Reflectance. Provide films that have initial minimum reflectance values specified in Table 880-06 when measured as specified in ASTM D 4061. Measure specific luminance (SL) expressed as millicandelas per square foot per foot candle. Use 6 minutes of arc as the angular aperture of both the photoreceptor and light projector. Use the geometric center of the sample as the reference center, and take the reference axis perpendicular to the test sample. Table 880 -06 White Yellow Entrance Angle 86.0° 86.0° 86.5° 86.0° 86.0° 86.5° Observation Angle 0.2° 0.5° 1.0° 0.2° 0.5° 1.0° SL 1,770 1,270 750 1,310 810 450
2.Type R – WR (Wet Reflective) Pavement Markings. When Type R – WR are specified in the plans, provide white and yellow films that have minimum initial retroreflectance values specified in Table 880-07, when measured in accordance with ASTM E 2832. Measure specific luminance (SL) expressed as millicandelas per square foot per foot candle. Use 6 minutes of arc as the angular aperture of both the photoreceptor and light projector. Use the geometric center of the sample as the reference center, an d take the reference axis perpendicular to the test sample. Table 880 -07 White Yellow Entrance Angle 88.76° 88.76° Observation Angle 1.05° 1.05° SL 250 200
880.05 Raised Pavement Markers
Provide raised pavement markers that consist of a plastic shell with one or more prismatic reflective faces with a minimum of 1 square inch of reflective surface for each direction required to reflect incident light. Provide markers fitted with pressure-se nsitive adhesive for application to a prepared surface. Provide materials that are easily applied and removed. Section 885 467 SECTION 885 DETECTABLE WARNING PANELS
885.01 Requirements
A.Construction. Use detectable warning panels with a minimum size of 1 foot × 1 foot. Use panels with a surface consisting of truncated domes aligned in a square or radial grid pattern. Do not use surface applied detectable warning panels.
B.Dom e Size. Provide truncated domes in a detectable warning surfac e that have a base diameter of 0.9 inches minimum to 1.4 inches maximum, a top diameter of 50 percent of the base diameter minimum to 65 percent of the base diameter maximum, and a height of 0.2 inch.
C.Dome Spacing. Provide truncated domes in a detectable warning surface that have a center -to-center spacing of 1.6 inches minimum and 2.4 inches maximum and a base-to-base spacing of 0.65 inches minimum measured between the most adjacent domes.
D.Friction. Provide panels that have a minimum coefficient of friction of 0.80 when tested according to ASTM C 1028.
E.Materials. Provide Detectable Warning Panels that are cast iron, concrete pavers, stainless steel, or a composite material.
1.Cast Iron. Provide cast iron panels with a minimum thickness of 0.2 inches. Use either grey cast iron that meets AASHTO M 105, Class 35 B or use ductile cast iron that meets ASTM A 536, Grade 65-45-12. Provide panels without a surface coating and allow the panels to transition to the iron’s natural patina.
2.Concrete Pavers. Provide concrete paver panels that meet requirements of ASTM C 936, have a minimum thickness of 3/4 inches, and are yellow or brick red throughout the panel.
3.Stainless Steel. Provide stainless steel p anels that meet the following requirements: - Minimum thickness of 1/2 inches; - Yellow or brick red in color; - Has a baked or powder -type surface applied coating that was applied to the panel during manufacture; and - Show no signs of deterioration or other defects from salt spray after 1,000 hours of exposure according to ASTM B 117. Do not use field-applied surface coatings or paint.
Source: North Dakota Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 494–501 of 550.