10-184S.I. = Specific Intensity
RL = Reflected Light IL = Incident Light D = Test Distance
Test the reflector for specific intensity as described below: 2 Form a 1 inch diameter flat pad using #3 coarse steel wool per Federal 3 Specification FF-W-1825. Place the steel wool pad on the reflector lens. Apply 4 a load of 50 lbs. and rub the entire lens surface 100 times. Do not abrade the red 5 lens of the Type 3 and Type 4 bi -directional units. 6 Locate the reflector to be tested with the center of the reflecting face at a distance 7 of 5 f eet from a uniformly bright light source having an effective diameter of 0.2 8 inch. 9 The photo cell must be an angular ring 0.37 inch I.D. x 0.47 inch O.D. Shield it 10 to eliminate stray light. The distance from light source center to the center of the 11 photoactive area shall be 0.2 inch. If a test distance of other than 5 f eet is used, 12 modify the s ource and receiver in the same proportion as the test distance. 13 After abrading the lens surface using the above steel wool abrasion procedure, the 14 specific intensity of each crystal reflecting surface at 0.2 degrees observation 15 angle must not be less than the following when the incident light is parallel to the 16 base of the reflector. 17 TABLE 1086 -1 MINIMUM SPECIFIC INTENSITY (candle/footcandle/unit marker) Color Horizontal Entrance Angle 0 Degrees 20 Degrees Crystal 3.00 1.20 Yellow 1.80 0.72 Red 0.75 0.30
All optical and physical properties for snowplowable pavement markers shall conform to 19 ASTM D4383. 20
The epoxy adhesive shall meet the requirements of Section 1081- 4. Mix the epoxy 22 adhesive rapidly by a two component type automatic metering, mixing and extrusion 23 apparatus. 24
Furnish a Type 2 material certification in accordance with Article 106 -3 for all raised 26 snowplowable markers before use. 27 PAVEMENT MARKINGS 29 -1 GENERAL 30 Yellow and white pavement markings shall be retroreflective. Black pavement markings shall 31 be matte, non -retroreflective. 32
10-185The material manufacturer has the option of formulating the pavement marking material 1
according to his own specifications; however, the manufacturer shall meet all the minimum 2 requirements specified herein. 3 All pavement marking materia ls, pigments, beads , highly reflective media and resins shall be 4 free from all skins, dirt and foreign objects. 5 Use pavement marking materials capable of being fabricated into pavement markings of 6 specified dimensions and adhering to asphalt and Portland c ement concrete pavements when 7 applied in accordance with their manufacturer’s recommendation. 8 Pavement marking materials upon heating shall not exude fumes, which are toxic, or injurious 9 to persons or property. 10 Homogeneously mix all pavement marking materials. 11 -2 COMPOSITION 12
Pavement marking paint shall be a ready mixed type paint product conforming to Federal 14 Specification TT--P-1952 with spraying consiste ncy suitable for use as a retroreflective 15 pavement marking. Glass beads are dropped by suitable pressurized means into the wet 16 paint as it is applied to the pavement. 17
Removable tape pavement marking shall be composed of materials as specified by their 19 manufacturer. 20 Use removable tape markings capable of conforming to pavement contours, breaks, faults, 21 etc. through the action of traffic at normal pavement temperatures. The tape shall have 22 resealing characteristics such that it is capable of fusing with itself and previously applied 23 marking tape of the same composition under normal conditions of use. The removable 24 tape markings shall be patchable. 25 Use removable tape markings capable of adhering to the pavement by 26 a pressure -sensi tive pre -coated adhesive or as directed by the manufacturer. 27
Use thermoplastic alkyd/maleic pavement markings composed of the materials in 29 Table 1087- 1. 30 TABLE 1087 -1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC ALKYD/MALEIC PAVEMENT MARKINGS Component By Weight Alkyd/Maleic Binder 18.0% Min Glass Beads (Premixed) 30.0% Min Titanium Dioxide Pigment (ASTM D476 Type 2) 10.0% Min. Use white thermoplastic that does not contain anatase titanium dioxide pigment. 31 Calcium carbonate and inert fillers may be as opted by the manufacturer, providing all 32 other qualifications are met. 33 The total silica content used in the formulation of the thermoplastic shall be the premixed 34 reflective media . Uniformly disperse the pigment, beads, media and filler in the binder. 35 The alkyd/maleic binder shall consist of a mixture of synthetic resins (at least one synthetic 36 resin shall be solid at room temperature) and a high boiling point plasticizers. At least 1/2 37 of the binder composition shall be 100% maleic -modified glycerol of resin and be no less 38
10-186 than 15% by weight of the entire material formulation. The binder shall contain no 1 petroleum hydrocarbon resins. Use resins/rosins that are maleic -modified glycerol esters. 2 The thermoplastic material shall be free of contaminates and be homogeneously dry - 3 blended or hot mixed from 100% virgin stock using no reprocessed materials, (excluding 4 the requirement to use reprocessed glass). 5 The thermoplastic material shall not deteriorate or discolor when held at the application 6 temperatures for at least 4 hours or upon repeated reheating (at least 4 times). 7 The color, viscosity and chemical properties versus temperature characteristics of the 8 thermoplastic m aterial shall remain constant for up to 4 hours at the application temperature 9 and be the same from batch to batch. 10 The thermoplastic material shall be readily applicable at temperatures between 400°F and 11 440°F from the approved equipment to produce lines and symbols of the required above 12 the pavement thickness. 13
The cold applied plastic pavement marking shall consist of a mixture of high quality 15 polymeric materials, pigments and reflective media distributed throughout its ba se cross- 16 sectional area, with a reflective media bonded to the top surface. 17 The cold applied plastic markings shall adhere to the pavement by a pressure -sensitive pre - 18 coated adhesive. 19 The cold applied plastic shall conform to pavement contours, breaks, faults, etc. through 20 the action of traffic at normal pavement temperatures. The film shall have resealing 21 characteristics such that it is capable of fusing with itself and previously applied marking 22 tape of the same composition under normal conditions of use. The cold applied plastic 23 pavement marking shall be patchable. 24 -3 COLOR 25 All pavement markings, without reflective media , shall visually match the color chips t hat 26 correspond to the AMS -STD -595 for the following colors: 27 Crystal: Color No. 17886 (White) Yellow: Color No. 13538 Black: Color No. 37038 -4 GLASS BEADS 28
The silica content of the glass beads shall be at least 60%. 30 Manufacture the beads from 100% recycled non- pigmented glass from a composition 31 designed to be highly resistant to traffic wear and to the effects of weathering. All standard 32 intermix and drop- on glass beads shall be manufactured using 100% North American 33 recycled glass cullet. 34 All intermixed and drop -on glass beads shall not contain more than 75 ppm arsenic or 200 35 ppm lead. 36
Use glass beads that are colorless, clean, transparent and free from milkiness, excessive air 38 bubbles, skins and foreign objects. Use glass beads with a minimum refractive index of 39 1.50 when tested by the liquid immersion method at 77°F ± 9°F in accordance with ASTM 40 D1214 using the Becke Line Method or an equivalent method. Use glass beads that are 41 spherical in shape and essentially free of sharp angular particles or particles showing 42 surface scarring or scratching. 43
10-187All intermixed and drop -on glass beads shall comply with NCGS § 136- 30.2 and 23 USC 1
§ 109(r). 2
Use drop- on and intermixed glass beads in all pavement markings with at least 80% true 4 spheres when tested in accordance with ASTM D1155. Drop- on and intermixed glass 5 beads used on any pavement markings shall meet Table 1087- 2. 6 TABLE 1087 -2 GLASS BEAD GRADATION REQUIREMENTS Sieve Size Gradation Requirements Minimum Maximum Passing #20 100% -- Retained on #30 5% 10% Retained on #50 40% 80% Retained on #80 15% 40% Passing #80 0% 5% Retained on #200 0% 5%
Conduct the following chemical resistance test on all glass beads: 8 Place 3 to 5 g portions of the same glass bead batch to be tested in three separate glass 9 beakers or three porcelain dishes. Cover one sample with distilled water, cover the second 10 sample with 3N solution of sulfuric acid and cover the third sample with 50% solution of 11 sodium sulfides. After one hour of immersion, examine the glass bead samples 12 microscopically for evidence of darkening or frosting. All three samples shall show no 13 evidence of darkening or frosting. 14
Conduct the following moisture resistance test on drop- on glass beads: 16 Place a 2 lb. minimum sample of glass beads in a clean, washed cotton bag with a thread 17 count of 50 warp, 50 woof. Immerse the bag containing the sample in a container of water 18 for 30 seconds or until the water covers the spheres, whichever is longer. Remove the bag 19 from water and force excess water from the sample by squeezing the bag. Suspend the bag 20 and allow to drain for 2 hours at room temperature 70°F to 72°F. Then mix the sample in 21 the bag by shaking thoroughly. Transfer the sample slowly to a clean dry glass funnel 22 having a stem of 4 inches in length with 1/4 inch inside diameter. The entire sample shall 23 flow freely through the funnel without stoppage. When first introduced in the funnel, if 24 the spheres clog, it is permissible to lightly tap the funnel to start the flow. 25 -5 PACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT 26 Deliver all pavement marking and reflective media materials to the project in suitable containers 27 packaged by the manufacturer. Clearly and adequ ately mark each material container to indicate 28 the material, color, date of manufacture, process, batch or lot number, manufacturer’s name and 29 location, temperature application range, shelf life and include the SDS. 30 Thermoplastic pavement marking materials shall be in block or granular form packaged in 31 either suitable corrugated containers or thermal degradable plastic bags to which it will not 32 adhere during shipment or storage. 33 Package reflective media in moisture resistant packaging. 34 -6 STORAGE LIFE 35 All pavement marking materials shall meet th ese specifications for one year from the date of 36 shipment from the manufacture r to the Contractor, or the project when stored properly by the 37
10-188 manufacturer’s recommendation. Replace any pavement marking materials not meeting these 1 specifications . 2 -7 TESTS TO BE PERFORMED 3 When independent test laboratory tests are required, perform them on samples taken by 4 an agency certified by the Department from the same process, batch or lot number as the 5 material shipped to the project. The test reports shall cont ain the lot number. Use Department 6 approved independent test laboratories. 7 Perform the following tests on thermoplastic pavement marking materials, intermixed glass 8 beads and drop -on glass beads unless prescribed otherwise by the Engineer: 9
Use X -ray Fluorescence for the normal sampling procedure for intermixed and drop- on 11 beads, without crushing, to check for any levels of arsenic and lead. If any arsenic or lead 12 is detected, the sample shall be crushed and repeat the testing using X -ray Fluorescence. 13 If the X -ray Fluorescence test shows more than LOD of 5 ppm, test the beads using United 14 States Environmental Protection Agency Method 6010B, 6010C or 3052 for no more than 15 75 ppm arsenic or 200 ppm lead. 16
The thermoplastic shall have a fla shpoint of no less than 500°F when tested in accordance 22 with ASTM D92 C leveland Open Cup (COC) . 23
The thermoplastic material after heating for 240 ± 5 minutes at 425 ± 3°F and cooled to 77 25 ± 3°F shall meet the following: 26
Daylight reflectance 2° Standard observer and CIE illuminant 29 Using XYZ scale D65/10° - 80% minimum 30 ASTM E1349 31 Yellowness Index - The white thermoplastic shall not exceed a yellowness index 32 of 12 .0 per ASTM E 313 33
Obtain Color Values Y,x,y per ASTM E1349 using C/2° illuminant/observer 35 Results shall be Y ≥ 45%, and x,y shall fall within PR#1 chart chromaticity limits. 36
The bond strength shall be 200 psi or greater in accordance with ASTM D4796. 38
After applying a 4 inch, 125 mil draw -down to concrete blocks and cooling to 15 ± 40 3°F, the material shall show no cracks at an observation distance of 12 inches . 41