2582Pavement Markings

2582.1DESCRIPTION

This Work consists of providing permanent and temporary pavement markings for Roadways, including pavement messages, linear pavement markings, and crosswalks. A Definitions For the purpose of the Work specified in section 2582, “Pavement Markings,” the Department defines: Pavement Messages Word and symbol pavement markings installed in the Roadway that are not line segments or Crosswalks. Linear Pavement Markings Line segments of various widths installed in the Roadway, including lane lines, centerlines, no passing zone lines, edgelines, airplane markings, crosshatching of flush medians/gores, and stop lines. The Department does not consider Crosswalks or Pavement Messages as Linear Pavement Markings. Crosswalks Blocks installed in the Roadway parallel to the direction of travel in a pattern that is transverse to the direction of travel.

2582.2MATERIALS

Provide and use pavement marking Materials listed on the APL, Pavement Markings. For wet reflective (WR) Materials, use the APL, Pavement markings, “Wet reflective marking materials.” For pavement marking installations between the dates of October 15 and April 1, provide and use “Late Season” pavement marking Materials listed on the APL, Pavement markings, “Multi-Component Liquids.”

Do not change any of the following unless approved by the Department:

Submit proposed changes to the Materials Laboratory for further evaluation.

2582.3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A Certification of Materials The Department will base acceptance of pavement marking Materials under the Pavement Marking Qualification and Acceptance Program on the product certification and Q uality Control testing verified by Materials Laboratory testing of verification samples and spot checks on samples obtained from Contractor stock or from Project Sites. B Application Apply on a clean, dry pavement surface, free of dirt and foreign matter, and as required by the Contract. Apply surface treatments prior to pavement marking installation. Notify Engineer one Business Day prior to installation of pavement markings. B.1 Manufacturer’s Specifications Apply the pavement marking as recommended by the Material manufacturer in regards to pavement type, pavement composition, environmental conditions, placement within a rumble, and other relevant factors in order to meet the requirements detailed in 2582.3C ”Acceptance.” B.2 Concrete Surface Preparation Before applying Multi Comp or Paint markings on new Portland cement concrete surfaces, remove surface treatments or laitance unless the marking is recessed per 2582.3B.7, ”Recessing.” B.3 Bituminous Surface Cure Before applying non-recessed permanent pavement markings, allow bituminous pavement to cure a minimum of 10 Calendar Days (or follow manufacturer’s specifications for pavement cure time, whichever is greater), unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. B.4 Thickness Requirements For Multi Comp markings, apply the multi-component liquid marking with a wet-film thickness of at least 20 mil. Apply at a greater wet-film thickness as recommended by the Material manufacturer based on pavement type, pavement composition, environmental conditions, placement within a rumble, and other relevant factors. B.5 Manufacturer Installation Certification For Pref Tape or Pref Thermo, obtain manufacturer certification for installation. Certification is typically achieved by attending an application training seminar. The training shall address surface preparation and application requirements and techniques necessary for successful marking tape applications. Upon completion of the seminar for these personnel, the manufacturer of the Pref Tape or Pref Thermo shall provide written certification of approval to each person approved. Present a valid training certification card upon request of the Engineer or other State Project personnel.

B.6 Assembly of Preformed Markings For Pref Tape or Pref Thermo Pavement Messages and Crosswalks, utilize precut messages, symbols, and blocks meeting the requirements of the Minnesota Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the MnDOT Standards Signs and Markings Manual. Kits provided by the manufacturer are acceptable. Do not use line Material to piece together individual letters, symbols, or crosswalk blocks. An exception is that 2 strips of 18-inch line Material may be used to form Crosswalk blocks of 36-inch width. For Pref Thermo it is also acceptable to use 3 strips of 12-inch line Material to form Crosswalk blocks of 36-inch width. Do not use narrower line Material to piece together wider Linear Pavement Markings. For Pref Thermo, taper the external edge of the marking to minimize risk of plow damage. For Perf Tape over cracks or joints, lay over crack or joint then cut 1 inch on each side of crack or joint. B.7 Recessing For ground in (Gr In) pavement markings, recess the pavement marking utilizing the following Equipment and details: B.7.a Recessing Equipment For any pavement markings on concrete surface, Pref Tape on bituminous surfaces, or Pref Thermo on bituminous surfaces, the recessing shall be performed by a self-propelled machine equipped with gang stacked diamond cutting blades mounted on a floating head with controls capable of providing uniform depth and alignment . The cutting heads shall consist of stacked 1/8 inch to 3/8 inch wide diamond tipped cutting blades. The spacers between each blade must be such that the raise in the bottom of the finished recess between the blades is less than 25 percent of the recessed depth. The resulting bottom of the recess shall have a fine corduroy finish. If a coarse tooth pattern is present, increase the number of blades and/or decrease the thickness of the spacers on the cutting head. For liquid pavement markings on bituminous surfaces, the recessing shall be performed by either:

blades mounted on a floating head with controls capable of providing uniform depth and alignment. The cutting heads shall consist of stacked 1/8 inch to 3/8 inch wide diamond tipped cutting blades. The spacers between each blade must be such that the raise in the bottom of the finished recess between the blades is less than 25 percent of the recessed depth. The resulting bottom of the recess shall have a fine corduroy finish. If a coarse tooth pattern is present, increase the number of blades and/or decrease the thickness of the spacers on the cutting head.

controls capable of providing uniform depth and alignment. The Equipment shall be capable of recessing the total width of the recess in 1 pass or recessing uniform depths with multiple passes. The maximum number of passes is detailed below in Table 2582.3-1. If multiple passes are used, the ridge between passes shall be mechanically removed prior to recess cleaning and pavement marking application.

The Equipment shall be capable of recessing double lines simultaneously or parallel lines to a uniform depth with 2 passes. The Equipment shall be self-vacuuming and leave the cut recess ready for pavement marking installation. Dry cut recessing without a vacuum will only be allowed if markings run perpendicular to the Roadway, such as stop bars. Use the Equipment and method approved by the pavement marking manufacturer. Waste generated from the recessing process shall become property of the Contractor. Dispose of waste generated by the recessing process in accordance with 1701, “Laws to be Observed,” and 1717, “Air, Land, and Water Pollution.” B.7.b Recessing Details The recessing shall be performed within the following tolerances. Failure to meet these tolerances will result in the suspension of Work until the Contractor can demonstrate that these tolerances can be met to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The pavement marking system shall be applied so that it is centered within the recess. Table 2582.3-1 Recess Width and Maximum Number of Passes Marking Material Width Recess Width Max Number of Passes 4 inches 5 inches ± 1/8 inch 1 6 inches 7 inches ± 1/8 inch 1 8 inches 9 inches ± 1/8 inch 1 12 inches 13 inches ± 1/8 inch 2 24 inches 25 inches ± 1/8 inch 3 Note: The recess width for other marking Material widths must be 1 inches ± 1/8 inch greater than the marking Material width.

Place the recesses for double or parallel lines 4 inches ± 3 inches apart perpendicularly. Place the recess for broken or dotted lines the length of the marking ± 3 inches. For Pref Tape Gr In provide a recess depth between 150 mil to 200 mil. For Pref Thermo Gr In provide a recess depth of 110 mil ± 10 mil. For Multi Comp Gr In or Paint Gr In pavement markings, provide a recess depth of 40 mil ± 10 mil. For Multi Comp Gr In (WR) or Paint Gr In (WR), provide a recess depth of 70 mil ± 10 mil. Since pavements are irregular, the depth of recess across the width may vary. To compensate for this, the depth of the recess shall be measured from the bottom of the recess to a straight edge placed on the recess edges extended over the recess. Place the recess 2 inches ± 1 inch from the edge of joints or seams along edge or centerline, unless otherwise indicated in the Plan. Recess alignment deviations from the control guide or existing lines specified by the Engineer shall not exceed 2 inches.

Clean the recess completely prior to pavement marking application, using an air compressor with at least 185 CFM air flow and 120 psi air pressure. The compressor must be equipped with a moisture and oil trap, and cannot have more than 50 feet of 3/4 inch inside diameter hose between the compressor and the air nozzle. The air nozzle must have an inside diameter of 1/2 inch or greater. Place pavement markings to be recessed in accordance with pavement marking and retroreflective media manufacturer’s instructions, except for recess depth. Do not construct a recess in new bituminous pavement unless the pavement is cured enough to handle the weight of the Equipment. If the pavement markings are to be installed in the same location where there are existing pavement markings, including interim or temporary, the removal of the existing pavement markings shall be included in the 2582, “Pavement Marking,” Pay Item. The Contractor may cut the recess and remove the existing marking in a simultaneous operation. B.8 Retroreflective Media For Paint linear markings that are not WR, apply glass beads specified in 3592 “Drop-On Glass Beads” immediately after applying a Paint line at a rate of at least 8 pounds per gal. Apply beads at a greater rate if recommended by the manufacturer to achieve the minimum levels of retroreflectivity in accordance with Table 2582.3-2. For Multi Comp linear markings that are not WR, apply glass beads specified in 3592 “Drop-On Glass Beads” at a rate of at least 25 pounds per gal. Apply beads at a greater rate if recommended by the Material manufacturer to meet the required minimum levels of retroreflectivity in accordance with Table 2582.3-2. For WR markings, apply wet reflective media per manufacturer’s specifications and apply the Utah Blend beads specified in 3592.2B.2 “Utah Blend” Gradation as the second drop glass bead. Evenly distribute retroreflective media on pavement markings. C Acceptance C.1 Alignment Provide Linear Pavement Marking in the width specified in the Contract, varying by no greater than +1/4 inch per 10 feet. Provide broken line segments with lengths varying by no greater than 3 inches. Provide alignment deviating from the control guide or existing lines specified by the Engineer by no greater than 2 inches. Ensure the transverse position of linear markings varies by no greater than 1 inch per 10 feet. Do not apply pavement marking Material over a longitudinal joint. C.2 Color Provide pavement markings in the color specified in 2582.2, “Pavement Markings, Materials,” for the respective Material. C.3 Retroreflectivity Initial pavement marking retroreflectivity is defined as the pavement marking dry and wet retroreflectivity when measured between 14 Calendar Days and 44 Calendar Days after pavement marking installation, prior to snow and ice maintenance operations.

C.3.a Dry Retroreflectivity Provide pavement markings meeting the following minimum initial pavement marking dry retroreflectivity when tested using 30-meter geometry in accordance with ASTM E1710, Standard Test Method for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer. Table 2582.3-2 Minimum Initial Pavement Marking Dry Retroreflectivity White Yellow Pref Tape 600 millicandela/square meter/lux 500 millicandela/square meter/lux Pref Thermo 300 millicandela/square meter/lux 200 millicandela/square meter/lux Pref Thermo, ESR (Enhanced Skid Resistance) 250 millicandela/square meter/lux 150 millicandela/square meter/lux Multi Comp 300 millicandela/square meter/lux 200 millicandela/square meter/lux Paint 275 millicandela/square meter/lux 180 millicandela/square meter/lux

C.3.b Wet Retroreflectivity When recessed, provide linear pavement markings in the field meeting minimum initial pavement marking wet retroreflectivity as listed in Table 2582.3-3 in accordance with ASTM E 2832, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Continuous Wetting. Table 2582.3-3 Minimum Initial Pavement Marking Wet Retroreflectivity White Yellow All Materials 200 millicandela/square meter/lux 200 millicandela/square meter/lux

Remove and replace, pavement markings not meeting the minimum initial pavement marking retroreflectivity values in accordance with Table 2582.3-2 and Table 2582.3-3 at no additional cost to the Department. C.4 Mobile Reflectometer Measurements (MRM) Provide dry retroreflectivity measurements of longitudinal markings utilizing an independent Contractor using a vehicle-mounted mobile retroreflectometer utilizing 30 meter CEN geometry in accordance with ASTM E1710, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Markings Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Reflectometer. The retroreflectometer shall be calibrated in accordance with the operating manual and calibration guide for the particular machine and vehicle. Measurement shall consist of the average retroreflective readings and standard deviations, as well as contrast ratios, over 0.1 mile intervals (or over the length of the line if shorter than 0.1 mile) for each type of pavement marking placed. Provide a measurement report that includes:

collection rounded to the nearest hundredths of a mile and the beginning and ending coordinates determined by a Global Positioning System receiver with 3 meter accuracy, including the direction of travel in terms of increasing or decreasing reference points

Centerline, LL – Lane Line Skip, 1LL – left most LL in multilane, 2LL – second to left most LL in multilane (Auxiliary Lane markings are included and will be read separate from edgelines), etc.)

the summary on Table 2582.3-4 Table 2582.3-4 Summary of Average Retroreflective Readings Product White Yellow Pref Tape Percent of Intervals < 300 Percent of Intervals < 250 300 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 419 250 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 349 420 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 479 350 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 399 480 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 539 400 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 449 540 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 599 450 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 499 600 ≥ Percent Intervals 500 ≥ Percent Intervals Multi Comp Percent Intervals < 150 Percent Intervals < 100 150 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 209 100 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 139 210 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 239 140 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 159 240 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 269 160 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 179 270 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 299 180 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 199 300 ≥ Percent Intervals 200 ≥ Percent Intervals Paint Percent Intervals < 150 Percent Intervals < 100 150 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 191 100 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 125 192 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 219 126 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 144 220 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 246 145 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 162 247 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 274 163 ≥ Percent Intervals ≤ 179 275 ≥ Percent Intervals 180 ≥ Percent Intervals

Provide the measurement report in the form of an electronic database file, or delimited text file, containing all raw data collected. Submit the data to the email address: PMdata.dot@state.mn.us and copy the Engineer. Provide a printed summary to the Engineer. The formats of the required data file and summary can be found at the Department’s Traffic Engineering Pavement Marking Management website. Conduct the evaluation of retroreflectivity between 14 Calendar D ays and 44 Calendar Days after pavement marking installation, prior to snow and ice maintenance operations. If readings are not taken prior to snow and ice maintenance operations, readings will not be taken and no compensation will be given. Excess beads or reflective elements must not be visible before the retroreflectivity testing is conducted. Collect the data when pavement and markings

are dry, clean and no visible moisture is on the road surface. Note in the report any areas where the pavement markings are obscured. Measure centerline markings in both directions. Measure other longitudinal markings in the direction of intended vehicular travel. Notify the Engineer at least 1 Business Day prior to collecting data. Evaluate any replaced or repaired markings per this Specification at no additional cost to the Department. D Preformed Pavement Marking Warranty For Permanent Pavement Markings, transfer manufacturer’s warranties to the Department after placement. E Correction of Defects Remove and replace pavement markings not meeting the Contract requirements as directed by the Engineer at no additional cost to the Department. F Pavement Marking Installation Record For Permanent Pavement Markings, provide a record of the pavement marking installation. F.1 Striper Computerized Data Logging System for Liquid Markings (DLS) For liquid pavement marking Material (such as Paint or Multi Comp) on Projects with at least 1 centerline mile in length, provide Striper Computerized Data Logging System files as described below. The pavement marking device shall have an onboard monitoring system for the purpose of managing the amount of striping Materials being applied to the pavement surface. Collect data for any pavement marking application of 300 feet (drive length) or greater. For preformed Materials (Pref Tape and Pref Thermo) and liquid pavement markings on Projects with less than 1 centerline mile of length provide the Construction Striper Operations Daily Logs as described in 2582.3F.2, “Construction Striper Operations Daily Log.” The Contractor may provide the Striper Computerized Data Logging System files in lieu of the Construction Striper Operations Daily Log. The following data shall be included in the documentation from the DLS:

hundredths of a mile and the beginning and ending coordinates determined by a Global Positioning System receiver with 3 meter accuracy, including the direction of travel in terms of increasin g or decreasing reference points

Edgeline, CL - Centerline, LL – Lane Line Broken or Dotted, 1LL – left most LL in multilane, 2LL – second to left most LL in multilane, etc.)

installed with each characteristic within that segment) The following data shall be reported as an average for each drive mile (or other Engineer approved segment) installed:

displacement pump (mechanism or flow meter) of liquid Material(s) used by color

reported as pounds/gallon

thickness calculated over the section striped Provide the measurement report in the form of an electronic database file, or delimited text file, containing raw data collected. Submit the data to the email address: PMdata.dot@state.mn.us and copy the Engineer. Provide a printed summary to the Engineer. The formats of the required data file and summary can be found at the MnDOT Traffic Engineering Pavement Marking Management website. The DLS Equipment shall be operational, calibrated, and in use during pavement marking operations. Pavement marking installation without the use of a DLS shall constitute unauthorized Work under 1512, “Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work.” Upon request, provide to the Engineer the DLS manufacturer’s recommendations for Equipment calibration frequency and provide certification that the E quipment meets manufacturer’s recommended calibration. Verify that the physical and electronic measurement of distance travelled is consistent by travelling a 100 foot distance prior to the start of pavement marking operations. F.2 Construction Striper Operations Daily Log For Projects with a liquid pavement marking Material (such as Paint or Multi Comp) and less than 1 centerline mile in length, utilize either a DLS from 2582.3F.1 “Striper Computerized Data Logging System for Liquid Markings (DLS)” or complete the Construction Striper Operations Daily Log form after applying the pavement markings. This form can be found at the Department’s Traffic Engineering Pavement Marking Management website. For non-liquid Linear pavement markings (such as Pref Tape), Pavement Messages of any Material, and Crosswalks of any Material, complete the Construction Striper Operations Daily Log form after applying the pavement markings. This form can be found at the Department’s Traffic Engineering Pavement Marking Management website.

2582.4METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A Pavement Messages The Engineer will measure Pavement Messages by the area in square foot of Material installed as required by the Contract.

B Lines The Engineer will measure pavement marking lines by the length in feet of each type constructed in-place as required by the Contract. The Engineer will measure broken and dotted lines by the actual length of line marked. The Engineer will not include the gaps between the broken and dotted lines in the measurement. C Crosswalks The Engineer will measure Crosswalk blocks by type and by the area in square feet of Material installed as required by the Contract. D Mobile Retroreflectometer The Mobile retroreflectometer measurements will be measured by the length in feet. The linear foot will be measured for the distance travelled by the mobile retroreflectometer as it measures the retroreflectivity of the pavement marking. This assumes 1 laser instrument on 1 van that will read 1 line with each pass. For a 1 mile section of 2-lane, 2-way Roadway this would need 4 passes – First Direction: REL and CL, Second Direction: REL and CL - equating to 21120 linear feet.

2582.5BASIS OF PAYMENT

The Contract Unit Price for pavement markings includes the costs of Materials , collection of survey data, marking of spot locations, initial pavement marking retroreflectivity, installation, pavement marking installation records, traffic control, surface preparation, and primers as required by the C ontract. Twenty-five percent of the payment for pavement markings will be retained until the p avement parking installation records are submitted per 2582.3F, “Pavement Marking Installation Record.” The Contract Unit Price for the Mobile retroreflectometer measurements (MRM) includes all costs incurred in Materials, Equipment, labor, traffic control, and time as required by the Contract. When MRM is required per the Contract, 50 percent of the payment for pavement markings will be retained until the evaluation of retroreflectivity is complete and the Work is accepted by the Engineer. A Monetary Adjustments The Department must apply Incentives and Disincentives and may apply monetary deductions for pavement markings. The amounts of these adjustments are deemed reasonable. A.1 Retroreflectivity The Department may apply a monetary deduction if the pavement marking retroreflectivity deficiency compared to Table 2582.3-2 is no greater than 20 percent per tenth mile segment. The Engineer will reduce the Contract Unit Price by the percent of retroreflectivity deficiency. B Schedule The Department will pay for pavement markings on the basis of the following schedule: Item No. Item Unit

2582.503 ___” * ǁ† (‡) # § linear foot

3 Mobile Retroreflectometer Measurements linear foot

2582.518 Pavement Message ǁ † (‡) # § square foot

8 Crosswalk ǁ † (‡) # § square foot

* Specified type of line ǁ Specified Material † Specified if markings are Ground In ‡ Specified if markings are WR # Specified if markings are contrast § Specified if markings are Enhanced Skid Resistant (ESR)

Cementing Materials