2557Fencing

2557.1DESCRIPTION

This Work consists of constructing fences.

2557.2MATERIALS

On Contracts not specifying types of Material for metal fencing products, the Contractor may select the type of Material. Use the same type of metal fence components on the entire Project. Cap tubular metal posts. If the Contract requires coated metal posts, use the same coating on posts, post supports, rails, gate frames, expansion sleeves, and other hardware items or fittings in accordance with the following:

Provide black vinyl coated posts, hardware, and fabric with a low to medium gloss, unless otherwise shown on the Plans. Use aluminum alloy posts, rails, frames, and other hardware items with aluminum alloy fence fabric. A brace assembly consists of a single wood or metal brace, installed as a leg brace or as a horizontal brace between two consecutive posts, including the required brace plate or concrete anchor, post anchorages, and guy wires or truss rods. A brace assembly for a chain link fence consists of two brace bars and a truss rod. C Fence Posts E Concrete Provide concrete mix 3G52 in accordance with 2461, “Structural Concrete.”

2557.3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A General Remove and dispose of Brush, trees, and other obstructions that interfere with construction of the fence in accordance with 1405, “Use of Materials Found on the Project,” 2101, “Clearing and Grubbing,” and 2104.3C, “Removal Operations.” Provide a smooth ground profile at the fence line. Ensure the bottom of the fence follows the contour of the ground . At small stream crossings, drainage ditches, and other locations where the bottom of the standard size fence cannot conform to the ground contour, construct the fence to span the depression and use extra wire or fabric to close the space below the bottom of the fence, unless otherwise shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer. Provide and install longer posts with intermediate posts, stakes, braces, extra fabric, or wires to span the depression. Perform field repairs to fence Materials as recommended by the manufacturer. B Installing Posts, Rails, and Braces B.1 General Set posts plumb, except set posts perpendicular to the slope of the ground at locations as directed by the Engineer. Install corner posts, pull posts, end posts, and gate posts at locations shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Provide corner post assemblies at horizontal angle points

with deflections greater than 20 degrees. Space pull posts to provide a braced post at points where any of the following occurs:

ground to a uniform contour When driving fence posts, protect the post tops from damage. Remove and replace posts damaged during installation. Anchor posts placed on concrete walls, curbs, or other concrete Structures as shown on the Plans. If placing fence posts in solid rock, set the post at least 12 inch into the rock or with the post bottom at the elevation shown on the Plans, whichever requires the lesser excavation into the rock. Cut the post bottom to provide the height above the ground surface as shown on the Plans. Cut holes in rock to provide a clearance of at least 1 inch around the posts. Fill the holes around the posts with grout consisting of 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts mortar sand, and sufficient water to create the proper consistency. The Contractor may add 0.1 part hydrated lime in the grout. Place and consolidate concrete around the posts and braces. Allow the concrete to cure for at least 3 Calendar Days before installing the fence wire. The Contractor may pour the concrete into prebored holes without forming, if no concrete contamination occurs during placement. Except as otherwise required for posts and braces set in rock or concrete, backfill the annular space around posts set in prebored holes in layers using selected Material from the excavation with each Layer thoroughly compacted to produce a rigid post setting. Use other backfill Material, if required by the Contract. Dispose of surplus excavated Material in low areas along the fence line or as directed by the Engineer. Neatly finish the adjacent area. B.2 Metal Post Installations Set posts for chain-link fabric fencing in concrete as shown on the Plans. The Contractor may drive line posts if the post lengths provide a post embedment of at least 4 feet into the ground. Drive rolled steel line posts. The Contractor may provide rolled steel end posts, corner posts, and pull posts, including the required braces, with anchor plates and brace plates . Set the posts in dug holes. The Contractor may omit the anchor and brace plates and set the posts and braces in concrete . Backfill excavations around the posts and braces using the excavated Material . Thoroughly compact the backfill. Set rolled steel gate posts in concrete. Provide and install metal post extensions in the lengths directed by the Engineer at the locations shown on the Plans. If post splicing is necessary, use a standard thread and coupling of the same material to thread and join the pipe ends at the splice. Avoid splicing in the exposed upper portion of the post. Provide a suitable plug in the bottom end of each extended post.

B.3 Wood Post Installations The Contractor may drive posts or set wood posts in prebored holes . Place the larger end of the post in the ground. When driving posts, place the square cut or pointed end in the ground. Except for holes in rock, cut post holes to a diameter providing a clearance of at least 3 inches around the post to allow backfill and compaction. Provide wood braces in accordance with 3413, “Wood Fence Posts (Treated).” Provide wood braces with diameters at the small end equal to the minimum permissible diameter as shown on the Plans. Ensure the diameter at the small end does not exceed the top diameter of the smaller adjacent post. C Installing Fence Wire Install and pull tight the fence wire as recommended by the manufacturer. C.1 Chain Link Fabric Place chain link fabric in continuous runs between corner, end, and gate posts . Install the fabric on the side of line posts that face away from the main road except as otherwise directed by the Engineer. Ensure impacts from snow plowing stress the posts rather than the fasteners. At ends of chain link fabric, thread a stretcher bar through the fabric loops and use clamps to fasten the bar to the posts as shown on the Plans. Weave pre-bent wire of the same kind as the fabric to make splices in the chain link fabric. C.2 Barbed Wire and Woven Wire Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, place barbed wire and woven wire installed on tangent alignment or on curves no greater than 1 degree on the side of line posts that faces away from the main Road. If placing the fence on horizontal curves greater than 1 degree, place the wire on the side of line posts on the outside of the curve. Offset posts at corners to the inside so that the wire will bear against the post. Fasten fence wire to end, corner, gate, or pull posts before fastening to intermediate line posts. Stretch woven wire to make longitudinal wires taut and to remove 30 percent of the factory fabricated fence crimp. When required by the Plans, cut and splice woven wire at the pull posts to obtain and maintain uniform tension in horizontal wires. The Contractor may use a wire crimping tool to increase the number or depth of tension curves to maintain tension in horizontal wires. Use wire clips or clamps in accordance with 3376, “Fence Wire,” to fasten wires to metal line posts. Use galvanized staples to fasten wires to wood posts. Where the wire loops around end, corner, or pull posts, wrap the wire around the post at least 4 complete turns. Use U-shaped wire staples at least 1 3/4 inches long in pine posts and at least 2 inches long in cedar posts. The Contractor may use L-shaped staples with serrated, barbed or ring shanks at least 1 inch long. Diagonally drive U-shaped staples across the wood grain to prevent both points from entering between the same grain. Slope staples upward, against the pull of the wire, in depressions with wire up-lift. Slope staples downward on level ground and over knolls. Staple the wires at corner, end, and pull posts. On line posts, drive the staples to the point that allows movement of the wire. Do not damage the wire while driving the staples.

To splice wire between posts, use an approved splicing sleeve as indicated in 3376, “Fence Wire,” or wrap each wire end around the other wire from 4 turns to 6 turns to form a lasting connection. Use a splicing tool in place of hand wrapping to obtain uniformly tight wraps as directed by the Engineer. If using splicing sleeves on woven wire, maintain the same horizontal distance between vertical wires as in the fabricated wire. If using the wrap method to splice woven wire, allow the 2 end stay wires to abut each other and enclose the wires within the wrap. D Installing Gates Install gates designed to allow locking with a Department-provided padlock and equipped with a padlock keeper at the locations shown on the Plans. E Electrical Grounds Install electrical grounds consisting of copper coated steel rods with a N ominal diameter of at least 5/8 inch and a length of at least 8 feet along each fence line at the staked locations. Drive ground rods to an elevation flush with the ground surface at points directly below or adjacent to the fence wire. Connect each ground rod to the fence with a solid No. 6 copper wire. Use approved type metal clamps as indicated in 3376, “Fence Wire,” to attach the ground wire to the ground rod and to the fence wires to electrically ground each longitudinal fence wire . The Department will not require greater than one connection on woven wire and chain link fabric near the bottom at each ground rod. Install electrical grounds in any of the following locations:

gate posts as practicable

1,500 feet on fences with metal posts and 1,000 feet on fences with wood posts

Work specified in 2557, “Fencing,” The Department defines a separate section of fence as a run with unbroken electrical continuity

ground within a distance from each end no greater than half of the desired maximum spacing interval

2557.4METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A Wire Fence The Engineer will separately measure fence of each design by length along the bottom of the fence, from center to center of end posts, excluding the lengths of gates as measured between gate posts. B Brace Assemblies The Engineer will separately measure wood or metal brace assemblies by the number of each kind constructed complete-in-place, regardless of length, design, or anchorage. C Electrical Grounds The Engineer will measure electrical grounds by the number of ground rods and connections provided and installed complete-in-place. D Gates The Engineer will measure gates by the number of individual units constructed complete-in-place.

E Metal Post Extensions The Engineer will measure metal post extensions by length of extensions, based on the difference between the standard driven post length and the actual post length as installed.

2557.5BASIS OF PAYMENT

The Contract each price for Metal brace assembly includes the cost of the brace plate or concrete anchor, post anchorages, and guy wires or truss rods. The Contract each price for Electrical ground includes the cost of the ground wire and connectors. The Department will include the cost of removing and disposing of B rush, tree, and obstructions with relevant Contract Unit Prices for fence construction, unless the Contract provides specific Pay Items for the Work. The Department will include the cost of providing and installing longer fence posts, intermediate posts, stakes, braces, extra fabric, or wires as required with relevant Contract Unit Prices for fence construction, unless the Contract includes specific Contract Pay Items for the Work. The Department will pay for fencing on the basis of the following schedule: Item No. Item Unit

2557.502 Pedestrian Gate each

2 Vehicular Gate-___ each

2 Wood Brace Assembly each

2 Metal Brace Assembly-___ each

2 Metal Brace Assembly (Chain Link Fence) each

2 Electrical Ground each

3 Wire Fence Design___ linear foot

3 Metal Post Extensions linear foot