616Fencing

616.01.01 General. This work consists of constructing fences, gates, or reconstructing fences.

This work also consists of installing temporary tortoise fence. MATERIALS

616.02.01 General. Materials shall conform to the following Sections:

Portland Cement Concrete ................................ ..................................................................................................................... Section 501 Fence Materials ..................................................................................................................................................................... Section 724

616.03.01 General. Remove and dispose of all trees, brush, and other obstructions which interfere with proper

construction of fences according to Section 201, except that no direct payment will be made for such work. When constructing chain- link fence, remove rocks and other surface irregularities that require moving in order to maintain a nearly smooth surface. Conduct fence construction operations as to prevent the escape of livestock. Connect existing cross fences to the new fence. Place corner posts, with braces for every direction of strain, at the junction with existing fences. Properly fasten the wire in both fences to the posts. At bridges and cattle passes, and at cu lverts if shown on the plans, connect the new fence to the structure in such a manner as to permit the free passage of livestock through or under the structure. Install permanent tortoise fencing on existing fence or on new fencing . Perform grading of exi sting ground as necessary. Install fence fabric as shown on the plans. Cover buried portion as shown with suitable material. Install temporary tortoise fence T -section posts at 3 m (10 ft) maximum spacing and driven a minimum of 450 mm (18 in.) into the existing ground at the required locations. Perform grading of existing ground as necessary. Mount the fence fabric to the posts with approved hog rings, wire ties, or cable ties. Minimize impact to the surrounding area during installation. Maintain the temporary tortoise fence and its ground contact during its use. Remove the temporary tortoise fence when it is no longer required. Fasten barbed wire, farm fence, and chain- link fence fabric on the side of the posts opposite the highway centerline. Backfil l post holes for metal posts, that are drilled or dug, with Class A or AA concrete. Securely fasten each strand of barbed wire to a braced post at each intermediate braced post assembly by wrapping twice around the post then securing to that part of the s ame wire stretched between posts. Cut off the remaining wire to present a neat and workmanlike appearance. Do not splice galvanized pipe brace rail. Tie the first line of barbed wire above wire mesh to the top wire of the wire mesh, midway between posts, with 2.8 mm (12 gage) galvanized steel wire or 4.0 mm (9 gage) aluminum hog rings. 616 FENCING For timber i ntermediate braced post assemblies , place the horizontal brace 150 mm (6 in.) below the tops of the brace posts and properly fit and connect to them by two 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) steel dowels. Extend the dowel pins 50 mm (2 in.) into each brace and brace post. Run two strands of 4.5 mm (8 gage) galvanized wire as a brace diagonally from 100 mm (4 in.) above ground line on each brace post to 100 mm (4 in.) below the top of the other brace post. Make an extra loop around each post at the point of attachment and firmly staple the wire to the post. Twist these brace wires until the assembly is rigid. Construct corner post assemblies as indicated on the st andard fence details. Construct end post assemblies of end posts and brace posts installed and braced as indicated for timber corner braces. Timber line posts may be installed by tamping firmly in place in drilled or dug holes or by driving, provided the method of driving does not damage the posts or cause the posts to be deflected from line and plumb. Install all other timber posts in drilled or dug holes and tamp firmly in place. Install round timber posts in drilled or dug holes and place the butt end downward. Machine point timber line posts which are to be driven, at the plant before being treated. Point the small end of driven round timber posts. Securely fasten each strand of barbed wire to a corner post, end post, or intermediate braced post assembly by wrapping twice around the post and securing to that part of the same wire stretched between the posts. Cut off the remaining wire to present a neat and workmanlike appearance. Set staples to hold the wire securely, but do not bury in the post as to severely nick or bend the wire.

616.03.02 Standard Fence. Standard fencing shall be designated by types as follows: Metal posts —Type A;

Wood posts —Type B; Combination metal and wood posts —Type C. The type of fence construction shall be as shown on t he plans and indicated in the proposal. Firmly set or drive posts into the ground and space as indicated. Firmly brace each end, corner, and gate post and set in concrete when required. Brace posts as indicated on the plans. Standard fencing will be designated not only by type, but also by a symbol indicating the fencing required. For metric unit contracts, Type A -881-3B will be used to designate a fence composed of metal posts, 8 horizontal wire, 810 mm woven wire (farm fencing) and 3 barbed wires; Ty pe C -766-4B to designate a fence composed of a combination of metal and wood posts, 7 horizontal wire, 660 mm woven wire and 4 barbed wires, etc. The figures 881, etc., when they appear in the symbol, correspond to design numbers set forth in the standard plans. For English unit contracts, Type A -832-3B will be used to designate a fence composed of metal posts, 32 inch woven wire (farm fencing) and 3 barbed wires; Type C -726-4B to designate a fence composed of a combination of metal and wood posts, 26 inch woven wire and 4 barbed wires, etc. The figures 832, etc., when they appear in the symbol, correspond to design numbers set forth in the standard plans. Fencing designated with 3S or 4S in the description shall utilize smooth wire. The wire and fencing shall conform to the requirements for barbed wire fencing, except the wire shall not contain barbs. In determining the post spacing, measurements will be made parallel to the slope of the natural ground. Place all posts in vertical position, except in unusual locations where directed to place the posts perpendicular to the slope of the ground. Measure all intervals center to center of adjacent posts. Consider changes in line where the angle of deflection is 30 degrees or more as corners, and install corne r posts. Consider changes in line where the angle deflection is more than 15 degrees and less than 30 degrees as alignment angles, and fasten adjacent posts to the angle posts by means of wire, or if such method is impracticable in the opinion of the Engineer, brace such posts as above specified for bracing gate, end, and corner posts. At all grade deflections and alignment angles where stresses tend to pull the posts from the ground, snub or guy the fencing at the critical point by means of a double strand of 4.00 mm (9 gage) galvanized wire connected to each horizontal line of barbed wire or to the top and bottom of wire mesh fabric, and to a deadman weighing approximately 50 kg (100 lb), buried in the ground not less than 0.6 m (2 ft). Pull the fencing s nug close to the ground before being snubbed or guyed. Stretch barbed wire and farm fence fabric (woven wire) taut and securely fasten to each post by acceptable devices. FENCING 616

616.03.03 Chain -Link Fence. Consider changes in line where the angle of deflection i s 30 degrees or more as

corners and install corner posts. Between posts, fasten chain- link fences to a bottom and a top tension wire. Space line posts at not more than 3 m (10 ft) intervals, measured from center to center of posts. In determining the post spacing, make measurements parallel to the slope of the natural ground. Place all posts in a vertical position, except in unusual locations where directed to place the posts perpendicular to the slope of the ground. Set metal posts in Class A or AA Portland cement concrete footing crowned at the top to shed water. Brace end, corner, and gate posts with galvanized braces used as compression members and galvanized steel truss rods with truss tighteners used as tension members. Brace and truss line posts, at intervals of 150 m (500 ft), in both directions as shown on the plans. Stretch the fabric taut and securely fasten to the posts. Between posts, fasten the top edge of the fabric to the top tension cable and fasten the lower edge to the bottom tens ion wire. Stretch tension cable and wire tight with truss tightener. Install the bottom tension wire on a straight grade between posts by excavating the high points of the ground and do not fill depressions. Fasten the fabric to the end, corner, gate post s, and intermediate braced posts with 6 mm (1/4 in.) by 19 mm (3/4 in.) steel stretcher bars. Place 3 mm (1/8 in.) by 19 mm (3/4 in.) steel stretcher bar bands at 0.3 m (1 ft) intervals. Fasten fabric to line posts, tension cable, and tension wires with ti e wires or metal bands. Space tie wires or metal bands on line posts at intervals of approximately 350 mm (14 in.) and on tension cables and tension wires approximately 450 mm (18 in.). Fit all posts with tops designed so as to fit securely over the posts , and carry the top tension cable. The top of the C -section posts may be open- slotted in such a manner as to securely hold the top tension cable in position without vertical movement. Such slotting shall allow removal and replacement of a post without dist urbing the top tension cable. Fit tubular posts with watertight tops. Use either pipe or C -section posts. However, use the same post type for all chain- link fence. C-section line posts, corner, or end posts may be either Type II Terminal posts or NPS 2, 60.3 mm outside diameter (2.375 in. outside diameter), galvanized pipe weighing not less than 5.41 kg/m (3.63 lb/ft).

616.03.04 Reconstruct Fence. Carefully erect reconstructed fences using salvaged materials, and similarly in

type to the original construc tion. Furnish any new materials necessary to rebuild the fence of the same kind as those in the original fence. The resulting reconstructed fence shall be equal to or better than before removed. The Engineer may furnish new materials as deemed necessary. Use these new materials in lieu of salvage materials which they replaced.

616.03.05 Gates. The width of drive gates shall be as shown on the plans and as indicated in the proposal.

Drive gate height shall suit fencing but shall not be more than 1,800 m m (72 in.) nor less than 1,200 mm (48 in.). The wire mesh filler shall be rectangular or 50 mm (2 in.) diamond mesh for standard fencing and chain- link fence fabric for chain- link fencing. Construct walk gates to the width shown on the plans and as indicated in the proposal, and of a height corresponding to the adjacent fence height. Hang the gates by steel or malleable iron hinges so designed as to securely fasten to the gate posts and permit the gate to swing back against the fence. Provide gates with a combination steel or malleable iron catch and locking- in attachment of approved design. Provide a center rest with catch where required. Construct Missouri gates as shown on the S tandard Plans. 616 FENCING METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

616.04.01 Measurement. Fence will be measured by the linear meter (linear foot) along the top of the fence.

Temporary tortoise fence will be measured by the linear meter (linear foot) along the top of the fence. Reconstructed fence will be measured by the linear meter (linear foot), incl uding used gates. Gates will be measured by the each. The size indicated for double gates is for the total width between posts. Missouri gates will be measured by the each, regardless of width. BASIS OF PAYMENT

616.05.01 Payment. The accepted quantities, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract

price per unit of measurement for the pay items listed below that are shown in the proposal. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. When an item for t empor ary tortoise fence does not appear in the proposal, such work shall be performed and payment therefore will be considered as subsidiary to other items of work. No additional compensation will be allowed. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Type (designation) Fence ................................................................................................................................. Linear Meter (Linear Foot) Tortoise Fence ................................ ................................ ................................................................................. Linear Meter (Linear Foot) (size) Chain Link Fence ................................ .................................................................................................... Linear Meter (Linear Foot) (size) Metal Drive Gate ...................................................................................................................................................................... Each (size) Metal Drive Gate Double ......................................................................................................................................................... Each (size) Timber Drive Gate ................................................................................................................................................................... Each (size) Metal Walk Gate ................................ ...................................................................................................................................... Each (size) Timber Walk Gate .................................................................................................................................................................... Each (size) Swing Gate ................................ ................................ ............................................................................................................... Each (size) Swing Gate Double ................................ .................................................................................................................................. Each Reconstruct Fence ........................................................................................................................................... Linear Meter (Linear Foot) Temporary Tortoise Fence ............................................................................................................................... Linear Meter (Linear Foot) Missouri Gate ................................ ................................ .................................................................................................................... Each SECTION 617 CATTLE GUARDS DESCRIPTION

617.01.01 General. This work consists of furnishing and constructing cattle guards and cattle guard wings.

Alternate designs of precast cattle guards may be submitted for approval. Designs approved by the Department’s Headquarters Structural Design Division may be substituted for the designs indicated. MATERIALS

617.02.01 General. Materials shall conform to the following Sections and Subsection:

Portland Cement Concrete ................................ ..................................................................................................................... Section 501 Reinforcing Steel ................................ .................................................................................................................................... Section 505 Steel Structures ..................................................................................................................................................................... Section 506 Painting ................................ .................................................................................................................................................. Section 614 Paint ................................ ................................ ...................................................................................................................... Section 714 Hardware ................................................................................................................................................................ Subsection 718.03.04 Portland cement concrete shall be Class A or Class AA, unless otherwise provided. All hardware shall be galvanized steel. All lumber and timber shall be Douglas Fir, No. 2 joist and plank or No. 1 structural posts and timbers. Any commercial grading rules that will provide material of an equal or greater stress values may be used. CONSTRUCTION

617.03.01 Earthwork. Structure excavation and backfill shall conform to Sections 206 and 207.

617.03.02 General. Construct cattle guards and cattle guard wings according to the details shown on the plans.

Precast cattle guards may be substituted for steel cattle guards. Steel cattle guards may not be substituted for precast cattle guards. Concrete and metal reinforcement construction shall conform to Sections 502 and 505. Weld steel member connections in conformance with Section 506. Do not paint structural steel for cattle guards. Paint steel cattle guard wings according to Section 614.

617.03.03 Timber Wings and Timber Foundations. Give the wing posts, wheelguards, and foundation

timbers a preservative treatment conforming to Section 718. Do not paint treated timber and lumber. Paint all untreated lumber and timber according to Section 614. Workmanship shall be first class throughout. Frame true and exact. Drive nails and spikes with just sufficient force to set the heads flush with the surface of the wood. Avoid deep hammer marks in wood surfaces. Carefully handle treated timber without sudden dropping, breaking of the outer fibers, bruising, or penetrating the surface with tools. Perform all cutting, framing, and boring of treated timbers before treatment insofar as is practicable. Cover all cuts in treated timbers, and all abrasions, after being carefully trimmed, with an approved preservative. Treat all bolt holes bored after treatment, with an approved preservative. Bore holes for machine bolts with a bit of the sam e diameter as the bolt. Bore holes for lag screws with a bit not larger than the body of the screw at the base of the thread.