281245.03 • Seamless, non-degradable, high-density polypropylene. • Coir netting or coir fastening twine. Sediment tubes of washed shredded recycled rubber particles with a minimum of 98% of metal removed contained in seamless, non-degradable, high-density polypropylene may be used for Inlet Protection and Temporary Check Dams in accordance with the Standard Drawings. Straw, curled excelsior wood, or natural coconut products that are rolled up to create a sediment tube without an outer netting will not be allowed. Natural pine needles, leaf mulch, and grass clipping-filled sediment tubes will not be permitted. SECTION 245—GEOSYNTHETICS AND LOW PERMEABILITY LINERS
245.01 Description
These specifications cover artificial fiber textile products to be used in transportation construction work, and low permeability liners for stormwater management facilities.
245.02 Shipping, Handling, and Storage Requirements
Geosynthetic shall be permanently marked with a clearly legible print showing manufacturing plant or plant Identification Code number, located on the roll edge at least every 16 feet. Rolls shall be labeled at both ends of the outside of the roll outer wrapping and both ends of the inside of the geotextile roll core, and labels shall list the roll number, production date, AASHTO M288 class(es) the product meets, and the product name; if the permanent marking contains this information, the labels may be omitted. Each geosynthetic roll shall be wrapped or otherwise packaged in a manner that will protect the geo - synthetic, including the ends of the roll, from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, and contami - nants. The protective wrapping shall be maintained during periods of shipment and storage. During storage, geosynthetics rolls shall be elevated off the ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site construction damage; precipitation; extended ultraviolet radiation including sunlight; strong acids or strong bases; flames including welding sparks; temperatures in excess of 160 degrees F; and other environmental conditions that may damage the physical property values of the geosynthetic. Geosynthetics that are not properly protected may be subject to rejection.
245.03 Testing and Documentation
Each geosynthetic material provided to the project shall have a manufacture date within its current NT - PEP product 3-year evaluation cycle. The manufacturer and any subsequent private labeler facility shall be listed as compliant by NTPEP within the current calendar year, or immediate past calendar year with an application for audit for the current calendar year. The Department may sample and test product from a facility or project at any time to verify compliance with specification requirements. Failure may result in the product being rejected or removed from the Approved List. 282245.03 Property values in these specifications represent minimum average roll values (MARV) in the weakest principal direction unless direction is otherwise specified; permittivity values specified are minimum; AOS and panel vertical strain values are maximum; mass per unit area, UV degradation, and asphalt retention values are typical. Product acceptance is determined by comparing the manufacturer test data against these specifications and using independent assurance testing, verification sampling and testing, and facility audits.
a.Geotextile Fabric for Use in Silt Fences: Geotextile shall be a woven fabric and function as a vertical, permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended soil from overland water flow. Fabric shall filter and retain soil particles from sediment-laden water to prevent eroding soil from being transported off the construction site by water runoff. Physical Property Test Method Requirements Filtering efficiency ASTM D5141-11 and NTPEP Erosion Min. 75% Control Products Committee Work Plan Flow rate ASTM D5141-11 and NTPEP Erosion Min. 0.2 gal/ft2/min Control Products Committee Work Plan In addition to these requirements, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288, Table 7, Temporary Silt Fence Property Requirements, for grab strength and ultraviolet stability.
b.Geotextile for Use as Riprap Bedding Material: Geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288, Table 3-Separation Geotextile Property Requirements, for apparent opening size and ultraviolet stability and Table 1-Geotextile Strength Property Requirements, Class 2, for grab strength and puncture strength.
c.Geotextile Fabric for Use in Drainage Systems (Drainage Fabric): Drainage fabric shall be non- woven and clog resistant, suitable for subsurface application, and thermally and biologically stable. Polypropylene material is acceptable in environments with pH values between 3 and 12 inclusive; polyester material between 3 and 9 inclusive. Physical Property Test Method Requirements Permittivity ASTM D4491 Min. 0.5 sec-1 Apparent opening size ASTM D4751 Max. No. 50 sieve In addition to these requirements, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288 Table 1-Geotextile Strength Property Requirements, Class 3, for grab strength.
d.Geotextile for Use in Stabilization: These are geotextiles used in saturated and/or unstable conditions to provide the functions of separation and reinforcement.
1.Subgrade Stabilization Fabric: Physical Property Test Method Requirements Apparent opening size ASTM D 4751 Max. No. 20 sieve 283245.03 In addition to this requirement, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M 288 Table 1-Geotextile Strength Property Requirements, Class 3, for grab strength, tear strength, and puncture strength.
2.Embankment Stabilization Fabric Up to 6 Feet High: Physical Property Test Method Requirements Apparent opening size ASTM D 4751 Max. No. 20 sieve Seam strength ASTM D 4632 90% specified grab strength In addition to this requirement, the geotextile shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M288 Table 1-Geotextile Strength Property Requirements, Class 1 for grab strength, tear strength, and puncture strength.
e.Prefabricated Geocomposite Pavement Underdrain: Prefabricated geocomposite pavement underdrain shall consist of a polymeric drainage core encased in a nonwoven filter fabric envelope having sufficient flexibility to withstand bending and handling without damage. Prefabricated geo - composite pavement underdrain shall conform to the following:
1.Core: The drainage core shall be made from an inert, polymeric material resistant to commonly encountered chemicals and substances in the pavement environment and shall have a thickness of not less than 3/4 inch. Outer surfaces shall be smooth to prevent excessive wear of bonded filter fabric. Physical Property Test Method Requirements Compressive strength panel ASTM D1621/ Min. 40 psi at 20% deflection vertical strain and core area D2412/D6364 after 24 hrs at 0 deg F and at change 125 deg F Water flow rate (after 100 hr ASTM D4716 Min. 15 gal/min/ft width at 10 psi normal confining (for 12-in specimen length) pressure gradient of no more than 0.1)
2.Filter Fabric geotextile shall be bonded to and tightly stretched over the core. Geotextile shall not sag or block the flow channels, shall have a life equivalent to that of the core material, and shall conform to the requirements of (c) herein, except that grab strength shall meet AASHTO M288 Table 1, Class2.
f.Geocomposite Wall Drains: Prefabricated geocomposite wall drain shall consist of a polymeric drainage core encased in a nonwoven filter fabric envelope having sufficient flexibility to withstand bending and handling without damage. Geocomposite wall drains shall conform to the following:
1.Core: The drainage core shall be made from an inert, polymeric material resistant to commonly encountered chemicals and substances in the roadway. Outer surfaces shall be smooth to prevent excessive wear of bonded filter fabric. 284245.03 Physical Property Test Method Requirements Compressive strength at 20% ASTM D1621/ Min. 40 psi at 20% deflection deflection D2412/D6364 after 24 hrs at 0 deg F and at 125 deg F Water flow rate (after 100 hr ASTM D4716 Min. 15 gal/min/ft width at 10 psi normal confining (for 12-in specimen length) pressure gradient of no more than 0.1)
2.Filter Fabric: Geotextile shall be bonded to and tightly stretched over both sides of the core. Geotextile shall not sag or block the flow channels, shall have a life equivalent to that of the core material, and shall conform to the requirements of (c) herein, except that grab strength requirement shall meet AASHTO M288 Table 1, Class 2.
g.Geomembrane Moisture Barrier: Geomembrane moisture barrier shall be resistant to biological attack. geomembrane shall be constructed of PVC and shall conform to the requirements of the PVC Geomembrane Institute 1104 material specification for PVC geomembrane (Revision #1 effective April 15, 2008) and shall meet the following additional or more stringent requirements: Physical Property Test Method Requirements Thickness ASTM D5199 Min. 30 mils Tensile (1-in strip) ASTM D882 Min. 0.80 kip/ft (ultimate) Tear Strength (Die C) ASTM D1004 Min. 8 lbf Seam Seal Strength ASTM D1004 Min. 0.18kip/ft
h.Dewatering Bag: A nonwoven geotextile sewn together to form a bag that can be used in lieu of a de-watering basin for the purpose of filtering out suspended soil particles. The bag shall be capable of accommodating the water flow from the pump without leaking at the spout and seams. Physical Property Test Method Requirements Grab strength @ Elongation ASTM D4632 Min. 250 lb (min) >50%(CRE/Dry) Seam strength ASTM D4632 90% Specified grab strength Puncture ASTM D6241 Min. 150 lb Flow rate ASTM D4491 Min. 0.189 ft3/sec/ft2(min) Permittivity ASTM D4491 Min. 1.2 sec-1 UV resistance ASTM D4355 Min. 70% at 500 hr AOS ASTM D4751 Max. 100 sieve
i.Pavement Interlayer products shall be listed on the Materials Division Approved List No. 63. All interlayer material shall be from National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP)-com - pliant manufacturers, and shall be evaluated through NTPEP; tests not covered by the NTPEP Geo - synthetics Work Plan shall be performed by independent, certified laboratories and submitted to the State Materials Engineer. Testing for products not covered by NTPEP shall be on a minimum 3-year cycle also. Terms defined by ASTM D4439 shall apply herein, except when they conflict with terms defined by Section 101. 285245.03 For Paving Fabric, Paving Mat, Paving Grid, and Composite Paving Grid, the Contractor shall provide asphalt retention rates (ASTM D6140), material properties specified herein, and manufacturer’ s rec - ommendations for tack application to the Engineer at the preconstruction meeting. The total minimum tack coat application rate sprayed in the field shall meet the manufacturer’ s recommendations, but shall be clearly totaled at the preconstruction meeting as the components of the asphalt retention rate and the additional rate based on the anticipated surface condition of the pavement.
1.Paving Fabric, Type I & II: All paving fabrics shall meet the requirements of the table below, and have 50% retained strength after 500 hours of UV exposure when tested in accordance with ASTM D4355. Property Test Method Type I Type II Mass per unit area, min (oz/yd2) ASTM D5261 4.5 4.1 Grab Tensile Strength, min (lbs.) ASTM D4632 120 101 Grab Tensile Elongation, min (%) ASTM D4632 50 50 Melting point, min (°F) ASTM D276 3201 3201 1 320 is the softening/melt point of polypropylene. See Section 318.03 for more on placement temperature.
2.Paving Mat; Type I, II, and III: Materials used for paving mat shall be a hybrid of two or more of the following material types: fiberglass, polyester, or polypropylene. Paving mat shall meet the requirements of the table below. Property Test Method Type I Type II Type III Tensile Strength, min (lb/in) ASTM D5035 280 140 45 Ultimate Elongation, max (%) ASTM D5035 5 5 5 Melting Point, min (°F) ASTM D276 3201 3201 3201 Mass/Unit Area, min (oz/yd2) ASTM D5261 7.0 4.0 4.0 1 320 is the softening/melt point of polypropylene, which is lower than either polyester or fiberglass. See Section 318.03 for more on placement temperature.
3.Paving Grid: Type I, II, & III: Materials used for paving grids shall be comprised of fiberglass and shall meet the requirements of the table below. Some paving grids are self-adhesive and some require nails for installation. Tack coat required for the installation of the overlay shall be specified with the paving grid. Refer to manufacturer’ s recommendations for tack coat type and application rate. Property Test Method Type I Type II Type III Tensile Strength, min (lbs/in)1 ASTM D6637, 560 x 1,120 560 280 Method A, modified Aperture size, min (in) Calipered 0.5 0.5 0.5 Elongation, max (%) ASTM D6637 3 3 3 Mass per area, min (oz/yd2) ASTM D5261 16 10 5.5 Melting Point, min (°F) (fabric ASTM D276 4202 4202 4202 component – if applicable) 1 For Type I, machine and cross direction respectively. Strengths for Type II and III are in both directions. 286245.03
4.Composite Paving Grids: Type I, II, & III: Composite paving grids shall consist of a fiberglass, polyester, or polyvinylacetate (PV A) paving grid integrated with a nonwoven geotextile and meet the requirements of the table below. Property Test Method Type I Type II Type III Tensile Strength, min (lbs/in)1 ASTM D6637, 560 x 1,120 560 280 Method A, modified Aperture size, min (in) Calipered 0.5 0.5 0.5 Elongation, max (%) ASTM D6637 5 5 10 Mass per area, min (oz/yd2) ASTM D5261 16 10 5.5 Melting Point, min (°F) (fabric ASTM D276 3202 3202 3202 component) 1 For Type I, machine and cross direction respectively. Strengths for Type II and III are in both directions. 2 320 is the assumed softening/melt point of PV A. See Section 318.03 for more on placement temperature.
5.Pavement Repair and Bridge Deck Waterproofing Strip Membrane: Materials used for strip membranes shall be comprised of composite self-adhering rubberized asphalt attached to a pavingfabric, a paving mat, or a paving grid and meet the requirements of the table below. Property Test Method Type Strip Tensile Strength, min (lb/in) ASTM D882 50 Puncture Resistance, min (lbs) ASTM E154 200 Permeance-Perms, max ASTM E-96 0.05 Method B Pliability - 1/4” Mandrel 180 ° ASTM D146 No cracks in fabric or Bend at -25 °F rubberized asphalt
j.Low Permeability Liners for Stormwater Management Facilities: SWM liner soil shall be classified as CL, CH or MH in accordance with ASTM D2487 and shall have a maximum coefficient of perme - ability of 1 x 10-6 cm/sec in accordance with ASTM D5084, after compaction. The maximum particle size shall be three inches in its largest dimension. Natural soils, which do not meet these specifications, may be blended with bentonite to provide the specified permeability characteristics. Geosynthetic Clay Liner shall have a maximum coefficient of permeability of 1 x 10-8 cm/sec in ac - cordance with ASTM D5887. This specification is not intended for dam embankment material or clay core cut-off trench material.
k.Fabric for Use in Turbidity Curtains shall consist of synthetic fabric coated with suitable elastomeric or polymeric compound. The coating shall have a high resistance to weathering, hydrocarbons, fresh and salt water, and temperature extremes. The curtain shall form a continuous vertical and horizontal barrier for the entire width and length of each section. Seams, if required, shall be either vulcanized welded or sewn and shall develop the full strength of the fabric. The curtain fabric shall meet the minimum requirements noted below: 287246.02 Physical Properties of Turbidity Curtain Fabric Physical Property Requirement Weight (oz/yd2) Type I 18 Type II 22 Type III 22 Grab Tensile Strength (ASTM D 4632) 300 lbs UV Inhibitor Required SECTION 246—P A VEMENT MARKING
246.01 Description
These specifications cover material for use in various retroreflective pavement-marking applications.
246.02 Detail Requirements
Materials that must be heated for application shall not exude fumes that are toxic or injurious to persons or property when heated to the application temperature. The marking material (including primers and adhesives) shall not be formulated with any compounds of the heavy metals listed in 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1, except that barium sulfate is allowed. Total heavy met - al levels, with the exception of barium sulfate, shall not exceed 20 times the specified regulatory limits. The marking material (including primers and adhesives) shall meet the Virginia Department of Envi - ronmental Quality (VDEQ) regulations (9 V AC 5-45, Articles 5 and 6) for V olatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Materials shall withstand air and roadway temperature variations from 0 - 140 degrees F without deform- ing, bleeding, staining, or discoloring and shall maintain their original dimensions and placement without excessive chipping, spalling, cracking, or loss of adhesion. Material shall not deteriorate because of contact with snow and ice control materials or oil and gasoline drippings from vehicles. Pavement marking materials shall produce a retroreflective line, message, legend or symbol of specified thickness, width or design in accordance with the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways and the Contract requirements. Pavement marking material shall have the pigment, glass beads, and filler well dispersed in the resin and shall be free from skins, dirt, and foreign objects. Glass Beads shall conform to Section 234. The amount and type of yellow pigment and inert filler for yellow material shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer provided the material complies with this specification. All marking materials shall be suitable for use up to 1 year after the date of manufacture when stored in accordance with manufacturer’ s instructions. Pavement marking and pavement marker materials shall conform to the specific requirements for the individual types as indicated hereinafter:
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 309–314 of 1,065.