265244.02 1 Epoxy system for epoxy concrete overlay shall have the same requirements as epoxy system EP-5 except for the following: 2 Pot life test method shall be ASTM C881 (50 ml sample in paper cup) Tensile strength test method shall be ASTM D638 type 1 Tensile elongation test method shall be ASTM D638 type 1 Viscosity test method shall be VTM 115 (Model RVF Brookfield, Spindle No. 3 at 20 rpm) Mini. compressive strength at 3 hrs test method. shall be ASTM C109 (Use plastic inserts) Mini. compressive strength at 24 hrs. test method shall be ASTM C109 Min. adhesion strength at 24 hrs test method. shall be VTM-92 SECTION 244—ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS
244.01 Description
These specifications cover the various materials, such as fertilizers, seeds, plants, sod, and mulches used in landscaping as well as materials used for soil retention to help prevent erosion and siltation. All consid - erations and recommendations pertaining to soil fertility and soil amendments (fertilizer and lime) shall be in reference to the VDOT Nutrient Management Plan for Turf Establishment on Construction Projects or the Department Nutrient Management Plan for Maintenance Activities, as applicable.
244.02 Detail Requirements
a.Herbicides: Herbicides shall be registered with the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in accordance with the Virginia Pesticide Law and shall be supplied in the manufacturer’ s containers clearly labeled as to the composition, brand, and name and address of the manufacturer. Herbicides used shall be listed in the current Virginia Cooperative Extension, Pest Management Guide: Horticultural and Forest Crops volume. For information on Right of Way and Non-crop Weeds or Aquatic Weed applications, select the “Low Management Crops and Areas” chapter. For information on pre-emergent weed control in ornamental areas, select the Weed section of the “Nursery Crops” chapter. And for information about growth regulators for turf areas, choose the Growth Regulator section of the “Turf ” chapter. Other applications may be made as approved by the Engineer.
b.Topsoil: Topsoil may be naturally occurring or may be manufactured and shall be free of foreign objects such as refuse, woody vegetation, stumps, roots, brush, stone larger than 3/4 inches, viable noxious weeds or weed seed, plant propagules, and any other material toxic or deleterious to plant growth. Maximum size of other foreign objects shall be 2 inches. Topsoil shall conform to the following: Property Physical Requirement PH 5.5 to 7.0 USDA Soil Textural Classification Sandy Loam, Loamy Sand, Sandy Clay Loam, Loam, Silt Loam, Organic Matter Content 2 to 10 percent Available Phosphorus (P) Minimum Fertility Rating of “Medium (M)” 266244.02 Topsoil shall be of the following classifications:
1.Class A topsoil: shall be stockpiled topsoil that has been salvaged from within the project limits in accordance with Section 303.04(a). It shall be the original layer of the soil profile formed under natural conditions, and its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics shall be consistent with the “A” horizon soil profile as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA–NRCS) Soil Survey Division.
2.Class B topsoil: shall be topsoil furnished from sources outside the project limits and shall be either the original top layer of a soil profile formed under natural conditions, or manufac - tured top soil. Regardless of the source, all topsoil shall have the physical, chemical, and bio - logical characteristics consistent with the “A” horizon soil profile as defined by USDA–NRCS Soil Survey Division. If the topsoil is not manufactured topsoil, then it shall consist of natural, friable, loamy soil without admixtures of subsoil or foreign materials. The Contractor shall pro - vide to the Engineer a source of materials for topsoil planned for use on the project prior to use.
3.Testing and documentation: The Contractor shall submit the following test reports to the Engineer for Class A and Class B topsoil prior to use. Testing shall be completed by a DCR- approved soils testing laboratory.
a.Soil analysis of topsoil, including pH factor, mechanical analysis (composition), salinity (soluble salts), percentage of organic content, and soil classification based thereon.
b.Recommendations on the types and quantities of additives required to establish a satisfactory pH and bring the supply of nutrients to a level satisfactory for establishing and sustaining turf and/or for use as a soil mix for planting, if applicable.
c.Seeds: Kinds and varieties of seeds shall be delivered to the project in separate sacks bearing a green seed label denoting that the seed was inspected and approved by the Virginia Crop Improvement Association. The Engineer will reject any open bags. Seeds shall be mixed on the project or at other approved locations under the observation of the Engineer. Seeds shall comply with applicable state and federal seed laws and the Contract requirements. The Engineer must approve seed selected for use on the project. Seed shall be subject to inspection by Virginia State Seed Regulatory Inspectors of the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Seed tests shall have been completed within the 9-month period prior to the beginning of the sched - uled seeding period for the area to be seeded. Seed shall not be or have been stored in an enclosure where herbicides, kerosene, or other material detrimental to seed germination has been or is stored. Noxious weed seeds, as defined by the rules and regulations adopted for enforcement of the Virginia Seed Law will not be permitted except as stated herein. The number of restricted noxious weed seeds shall be not more than the number per ounce or per pound of noxious weed seeds specified in the rules and regulations of the Virginia Seed Law. The VDOT portion of the green tag from each sack of seed shall be signed by the Contractor and delivered to the Engineer after each sack is completely used. 267244.02
d.Fertilizers: Fertilizer shall be uniform in composition, free flowing, and suitable for application with approved equipment. The fertilizer shall be delivered to the project in bags or other convenient containers, each fully labeled, and shall conform to all applicable state and federal laws and regula - tions. Additional nutrients shall be added only when specified in the Contract or in accordance with the provisions of Section 109.05. Fertilizer shall be subject to testing by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The Department reserves the right to reject fertilizer materials that do not comply with the requirements of these specifications or to be compensated in an amount as decided by the Engineer for failure of complying with the requirements of the Virginia Fertilizer Law. Other fertilizer products and rates may be substituted with the prior written approval from the Engineer. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a copy of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each type of fertilizer supplied to the project with each fertilizer delivery. Any fertilizer delivery that is not accompanied by the appropriate MSDS will be rejected.
1.Fertilizer for seeding, sodding, sprigging, and plugging shall have a guaranteed nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) analysis as detailed in the plans, with a minimum 30 percent of the nitrogen from a slow release or slowly soluble source. The following types of slow release or slowly soluble nitrogen fertilizers may be used: urea formaldehyde (UF), ureaform, methylene urea, and methylene diurea/dimethylene triurea); isobutylidene diurea (IBDU); sulfur-coated urea (SCU); and polycoated urea (PCU)]. All UF and IBDU products shall indicate the slow release/slowly available nitrogen source on the fertilizer analysis label as water-insoluble nitrogen. PCU and SCU shall have a minimum 3-month release duration for the total product. Slow release or slowly soluble fertilizers may be applied with a hydraulic seeder except for SCU. Fertilizer shall be applied in accordance with Section 603.
2.Fertilizer for planting plants shall have a guaranteed 1-2-1 (Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potasium) ratio and a 15-30-15 analysis with a minimum of 40 to 50 percent of the nitrogen from one of the following slow release or slowly soluble sources, with the remainder of the nitrogen from urea or ammonium nitrate: soluble UF , SCU, and PCU. The UF products shall have a minimum activity index of 40 percent. SCU and PCU products shall have a minimum 3-month release duration for the total product. Slow release or slowly soluble fertilizers shall be applied. Slow release or slowly soluble fertilizers may be applied with a hydraulic seeder except for sulfur-coated urea (SCU). Fertilizer shall be applied in accordance with Section 603.
e.Lime, Fast Acting Lime, and Iron Sulfate
1.Lime shall be agricultural grade ground limestone applied to raise the soil PH. Agricultural grade pulverized or pelletized lime products may be substituted at no additional cost to the Department. The material source shall be registered with and approved by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in accordance with the Virginia Agricultural Lime Law and shall conform to Section 240. All lime shall be subject to testing by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Other hydrated lime or industrial co-products may be substituted with the Engineer’ s approval.
2.Fast Acting Lime Fast acting lime is a highly processed grade of agricultural lime that has a higher percentage by weight of material passing the U.S. Standard 100 Sieve. Fast acting lime can be supplied in liquid or dry form. The minimum calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) for fast acting lime shall be as follows: 268244.02 Physical Form Minimum CCE % Liquid 55% Dry 85 %
3.Iron sulfate shall be an approved agricultural product manufactured and labeled for reducing soil pH. Iron sulfate labeled as a fertilizer may also be used to supply sulfur or iron as a plant nutrient. Iron sulfate shall be supplied as a fine powder or pelletized powder with a minimum purity of 15 percent water soluble iron derived from ferrous sulfate.
f.Inoculating Bacteria for Treating Leguminous Seeds: Bacteria shall be a pure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria selected for maximum vitality. Cultures shall be not more than 1 year old and shall be subject to the Engineer’ s approval.
g.Mulches for Seeding or Erosion Control shall be according to the following based on functional longevity, slope length, and slope gradient as detailed herein.
1.Dry Straw or Hay - Dry straw or hay shall be used to facilitate vegetative establishment on slopes of 4:1 or less gradient designed to be functional for up to thirty (30) days. The dry straw or hay shall be free from noxious weeds, reasonably bright in color, and not be musty, moldy, caked, decayed, or dusty. Straw or hay shall be applied by (1) tacking with a Hydraulic Erosion Control Product (HECP), Type 1, at the rate of 1000 pounds per acre and applied as recommended by the manufacturer by (2) punching or disking into the soil or (3) by other Engineer-approved methods.
2.Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (HECP) Hydraulic Erosion Control Products shall be dyed green or contain a green dye in the package that will provide a color to facilitate visual inspection of the uniformly spread slurry. Mulch, including dye and tackifiers, shall not contain germination-inhibiting or growth-inhibiting fac - tors. The mulch shall be manufactured and processed so that it will remain in uniform suspen - sion in water under agitation and will blend with seed, fertilizer, and other additives to form an homogenous slurry. The mulch shall form a blotter-like ground cover on application having moisture absorption and percolation properties. It shall cover and hold grass seed in direct contact with the soil, promoting the germination and growth of grass seedlings. The manufacturer shall provide certification that all components are pre-packaged by the man - ufacturer to assure material performance and compliance with the minimum requirements of Table II-22A. Under no circumstances will field mixing of HECP additives or HECP compo - nents be allowed. Mulch shall be delivered in packages of uniform weight bearing the name of the manufacturer, the net weight, and an additional statement of the net dry weight content. When polyacrylamide is used as part of a hydroseeding mix, only an anionic polymer formulation with free acrylamide monomer residual content of less than 0.05% is allowed. Cationic polyacrylamide shall not be used in any concentration. The Contractor shall ensure polyacrylamide-containing mixtures are not sprayed onto pavement. Polyacrylamide- containing mixtures may include tackifiers, flocculants, or moisture-holding compounds. In addition to making field performance determinations, the Department may sample and perform such other tests on mulch as it deems warranted to ensure that the mulch conforms to these specifications. Only those materials that have been evaluated by the Department and are deemed acceptable will appear on the Materials Division’ s Approved Products List. Mulch 269types shall contain a tackifier or additive as detailed below that upon drying becomes insoluble and non-dispersible to eliminate direct raindrop impact on soil. Typically, all HECP products shall be applied when the soil is dry and rain is not expected within at least 48 hours after application.244.02 HECP PropertyTest Method1HECP Type 1HECP Type 2HECP Type 3HECP Type 4 Physical Requirement Color Visually ObservedColored to provide contrast upon application, shall be stable and not stain concrete or painted surfaces. Organic Matter ASTM D2974 90% minimum Acute ToxicityASTM 7101 EPA 2021.0-1Non ToxicWater Holding CapacityASTM D7367400% minimum500% minimum600% minimum700% minimum Endurance Requirement Functional LongevityVDOT approved Testing Methods 4Up to 2 MonthsUp to 3 MonthsUp to 6 MonthsUp to 12 Months Performance Requirement Maximum Slope ApplicationObserved 4.0 H:1V 3.0 H:1V 2.0 H:1V 1.0 H:1V Rainfall Event (R-Factor)ASTM D6459 2,3N/A 75 < R 140 < R 175 < R Cover Factor ASTM D6459 2,3C ≤ 0.50 C ≤ 0.10 C ≤ 0.05 C ≤ 0.01 Vegetation EstablishmentASTM D7322 2 200% minimum300% minimum400% minimum500% minimum 1 All products must meet the requirements of this Specification to be listed on the Materials Division’ s Approved List for HECPs. 2 ASTM test methods developed for Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) that have been modified to accommo- date Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (HECPs). 3 Utah State Protocol of 2.5:1 slope with rainfall simulated at 5 inches per hour for a 60 minute duration, or TTI Protocol of 2:1 slope with rainfall simulated at 3.5 inches per hour with 3 successive test durations of 30 minutes for each test in 24-hour intervals may be substituted for ASTM D6459. 4 Functional Longevity performed at a VDOT test facility or test facility approved by VDOT.TABLE II-22A Minimum HECP Performance and Physical Requirements 270244.02 HECP types are as follows:
a.HECP , Type 1 shall be used to facilitate vegetative establishment on slopes of 1V:4H or flatter gradient. Products shall be functional for up to 2 months after application and shall be composed of non-toxic fibers consisting of a minimum of 70% specially prepared wood fiber, paper fiber, or a mixture of shredded wood fiber and paper fiber.
b.HECP , Type 2 shall be used to facilitate vegetative establishment on slopes of 1V:3H or flatter gradient. Products shall be functional for up to 3 months after application and shall consist of a hydraulically applied matrix composed of a minimum of 70% of non-toxic defibrated organic fibers with, at a minimum, one of the following non-toxic tackifiers or additives: • Soil tackifiers, • Soil flocculants, • Soil polymers, • Cross-linked hydro-colloidal polymers, or • Cross-linked tackifiers. HECP , Type 2 products shall not contain materials composed of paper, cellulose fiber, or any mixture containing paper or cellulose.
c.HECP , Type 3 shall be used to facilitate vegetative establishment on slopes of 1V:2H or flatter gradient. Products shall be functional for up to 6 months after application and shall consist of a hydraulically applied matrix composed of a minimum of 70% of non-toxic long-strand organic fibers heated to a minimum temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit for sterilization purposes with, at a minimum, one or more of the following non-toxic additives that, upon drying, become insoluble and non-dispersible to eliminate direct raindrop impact on soil: • Soil tackifiers, • Soil flocculants, • Soil polymers, • Cross-linked hydro-colloidal polymers, or • Cross-linked tackifiers. HECP , Type 3 products shall not contain materials composed of paper, cellulose fiber, or any mixture containing paper or cellulose.
d.HECP , Type 4 shall be used to facilitate vegetative establishment on slopes of 1V:1H or flatter gradient. The product shall be functional for up to twelve (12) months after applica - tion. HECP , Type 4 shall be applied when the soil is dry, when the site requires immediate erosion protection or when there is a risk of impending adverse weather. HECP Type 4 271244.02 shall consist of a hydraulically applied matrix composed of a minimum of 70% thermally refined wood fibers, cross-linked hydro-colloidal tackifiers (10% by weight), and crimped man-made fibers.
3.Compost Blanket – Compost blankets shall be used to facilitate vegetative establishment on slopes with gradients of 1V:2H or flatter. The compost shall meet the requirements listed in Percentage (%) by Dry Weight Passing Sieve Size 3” 1” ¾ “ ¼ “ 100 90-100 65-100 0-75 Compost used as a compost blanket shall be uniformly applied to the depth specified in the Contract. Compost may be manually spread, or distributed by the use of a pneumatic blower or slinger type spreader unit. Compost shall be projected directly at the soil surface, thereby preventing water from moving between the soil\compost interface. The Contractor shall apply the compost layer approximately 3 feet beyond the top of the slope or overlap it into or under - neath existing vegetation.
h.Sod: Sod shall be cultivated material conforming to the requirements of the State Board of Agriculture for state-approved sod or the state Sod Certification Agency for state-certified sod. Root development shall be such that standard size pads will support their own weight and retain their size and shape when suspended vertically from a firm grasp on the uppermost 10 percent of the area. The top growth of sod shall be mowed so that the height of the grass will be 2 to 3 inches at the time of the stripping operation. Sod may be furnished in any standard pad width and length provided the dimensions do not vary from the average by more than 5 percent. Sod shall be machine stripped at a uniform soil thickness of at least 1 inch. Broken, torn, or irregularly shaped pads will be rejected.
i.Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Other Plants: The botanical and common name of plants shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the following reference works in order of priority: 1.) Hortus Third, prepared by L.H. Bailey, and 2.) Standardized Plant Names, prepared by the Editorial Com - mittee of the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature in effect on the date of the Notice of Advertisement.
1.Quality and size: All plants supplied shall be first class representatives of their normal species or varieties unless otherwise specified. Plants shall conform to the requirements of the current American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z-60.1) by the American Nursery and Landscape Association and these specifications. All B&B (balled and burlapped) plants shall be nursery grown and dug within 30 days of planting, unless otherwise specifically permitted, and shall have been growing in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6 or 7 prior to award date of the Contract. Shade and flowering trees are to be symmetrically balanced according to their normal habit of growth. Shade trees of standard variety shall have a single leader and shall be branched as indicated on the plans or Standard Drawings. Major branches shall not have V -shaped crotch - es capable of causing structural weakness. Trunks shall be free of unhealed branch removal wounds greater than a one inch diameter. Evergreens shall be full foliage. Deciduous and evergreen shrubs shall be uniformly branched and have ample, well balanced root systems. All vines, ground covers, ornamental grasses, and herbaceous plants shall have been growing for at least three months in the size of container specified and show full and substantial growth conforming to the industry standard size of the plant indicated. 272244.02 All container grown plants shall be well-rooted, vigorous and established, with full and well-balanced tops, in the appropriate container size for the height or spread of the plant spec - ified, and shall not be root bound. Material arriving with broken or loose balls, insufficient protection of roots or top, shriveled dry or insufficiently developed roots, or are weak and thin, are damaged or defective or which do not comply with the specifications will be rejected. Plant material which shows evidence of containing any parts (seeds, rhizomes, roots) of Johnson Grass, Bull Thistle, or Canada Thistle will be rejected. Plants shall be grown in a state-approved, certified nursery. Plants shall comply with state and federal laws governing inspection for plant diseases and insect infestation and shall be free from insect pests, plant diseases, disfiguring knots, stubs, sunscald, bark abrasions, or any other form of damage or objectionable disfigurements. All tree pruning shall conform to the current edition of the National Arborist Association’ s “Pruning Standards for Shade Trees”. When a minimum and maximum size or range is specified, an average size shall be furnished. Plants shall not be pruned before delivery or cut back from larger sizes to conform to the sizes specified. Sizes furnished shall be those specified at the time of delivery and before the usual pruning at the time of planting. Plants from cold storage will not be accepted. Deciduous plants, except those grown in containers, shall be dormant when planted.
2.Digging and protection: Digging shall be in accordance with the current American Standards for Nursery Stock and done in a manner that will avoid damage to or loss of roots. Roots that are cut shall be cleanly cut. Balled and burlapped plants shall be properly dug and protected to preserve the natural earth in contact with the roots. The Engineer will not accept manufactured balled or processed balled stock. Balls shall be firmly wrapped and tied with approved materi - als. Balled plants will not be accepted if the ball is broken, cracked, or loose. After plants are dug, their roots shall be protected from damage. Roots of bare root plants shall be kept moist at all times. Bare root plants shall be further protected by wrapping in wet straw, moss, burlap, or other approved material.
3.Plantable pots: In lieu of using burlap with balled plants, plants may be dug as specified herein and placed in plantable pots. Pots shall be constructed of organic, biodegradable material that will readily decompose in soil and shall not be smaller in any dimension than the size specified for balled and burlapped root systems. At the time of planting, the lip or rim of pots shall be broken away, and drainage holes shall be provided in the plantable pots as directed by the Engineer. Plants with balls that have been grown in pots or plants with loose stems will be rejected.
4.Container-grown plants: In addition to the requirements of the American National Standard for Nursery Stock, container-grown plants shall conform to the following:
a.The space between the rim or top of the container and the soil line within the container shall not be more than 1 ½ inches for the 1-gallon and 2-gallon sizes, and not more than 2 ½ inches for the 5-gallon size.
b.Encircling roots shall not have grown in such a manner that they have or will cause girdling of the trunk or stems.
c.Roots shall have been grown in the soil medium for a minimum of 6 months, extending to the limits of the container on all sides and from top to bottom. 273244.02
5.Collected plants: Collected plants from wild or native stands shall not be used without the written permission of the Engineer unless specified on the plans. Wild or native plants shall be clean, sound stock and free from injury. The quality of the plants shall be similar to that specified for nursery-grown material. Stock shall have sufficient root systems to ensure successful transplanting and rejuvenation. Balls, when specified, shall be tight and well formed.
6.Clump and Multi-trunk Trees: Clump form and multi-trunk trees shall be designated by the number of stems (trunks), height and caliper as appropriate to the species. Clump form shall refer to a plant with 3 or more stems (trunks) arising from the top of the root structure as independent stems (trunks). Multi-trunk shall refer to a plant with 3 or more stems arising out of a single base (trunk) within 6 inches of the top of the root structure.
7.Specimen Quality: Trees or shrubs designated as “Specimen Quality” shall refer to plants of exceptional quality for the species and size designated, being symmetrical in form and full in canopy and limb structure, usually grown for use as a focal point, but may be designated for use otherwise. Deciduous trees shall have the maximum canopy size for the caliper or height specified as per ANSI Z60.1. Evergreen trees shall have the maximum width to height ratio for the height specified as per ANSI Z60.1.
8.Street Tree: Trees designated as “Street Tree” form shall be cultivated for street tree use having a straight, vertical trunk with a single dominant and central leader, nursery pruned for the development of a symmetrical canopy, an upward and outward growing branch pattern with strong branch unions and low aspect ratios of 1 to 3 or greater, shall be uniform in appearance without crossing branches or suckers. A specific height of branching (from the ground to the first branch) may be specified on the Planting Summary Sheet as appropriate for the specific site.
9.Specimen Street Tree: Where so designated, trees shall conform to the requirements of both “Specimen” and “Street Tree” as indicated above.
j.Compost, General Specifications: All compost shall meet or exceed all standards for classification as EPA Exceptional Quality (EQ) compost, suitable for unrestricted end use. All material shall be sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing Assurance (STA) Program of the United States Composting Council (USCC). Testing of material shall be performed by an STA Certified laboratory. Compost shall be reasonably free of sticks, stones or refuse materials deleterious to soil structure, or any material toxic or detrimental to plant germination and growth. The composted material shall not possess objectionable odors and shall not resemble the raw material from which it was derived. Prior to delivery, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a sample of the material for approval which shall meet or exceed the requirements herein.
1.Compost shall conform to the following material requirements: 274244.02 Parameters 1,6 Reported as (units of measure)General Range pH2pH units 6.0 - 8.0 Soluble Salt Concentration2 (electrical conductivity)mmhos/cm (dS/m) Maximum 8 Moisture Content %, wet weight basis 35 – 50 Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis Minimum 40% Particle Size Particle size, % passing a selected mesh size, dry weight basisComposted: ¾ in. (19 mm), 98% passing Stability3 Carbon Dioxide Evolution Ratemg CO2-C per g OM per day< 5 Maturity3 (Bioassay) Seed Emergence and Seedling Vigor%, relative to positive control %, relative to positive controlMinimum 80% Minimum 80% Physical Contaminants (inerts)%, dry weight basis < 1 Chemical Contaminants4 mg/kg (ppm) Meet or exceed US EPA Class A standard, 40 CFR § 503.13, Tables 1 and 3 levels Biological Contaminants5 Select Pathogens Fecal Coliform Bacteria, or SalmonellaMPN per gram per dry weight MPN per 4 grams per dry weightMeet or exceed US EPA Class A standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) levelsCompost General Product Parameters 1 Recommended test methodologies are provided in Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), the US Composting Council. 2 It should be noted that the pH and soluble salt content of the amended soil mix is more relevant to the establishment and growth of a particular plant, than is the pH or soluble salt content of a specific com - post (soil conditioner) used to amend the soil. Each specific plant species requires a specific pH range. Each plant also has a salinity tolerance rating, and maximum tolerable quantities are known. Most ornamental plants and turf species can tolerate a soil/media soluble salt level of 2.5 dS/m and 4 dS/m, respectively. Seeds, young seedlings and salt sensitive species often prefer soluble salt levels at half the aforementioned levels. When specifying the establishment of any plant or turf species, it is important to understand their pH and soluble salt requirements, and how they relate to existing soil conditions. 3 Stability/Maturity rating is an area of compost science that is still evolving, and as such, other various test methods could be considered. Also, never base compost quality conclusions on the result of a single stability/maturity test. 4 US EPA Class A standard, 40 CFR § 503.13, Tables 1 and 3 levels = Arsenic 41ppm, Cadmium 39ppm, Copper 1,500ppm, Lead 300ppm, Mercury 17ppm, Molybdenum 75ppm, Nickel 420ppm, Selenium 100ppm, Zinc 2,800ppm. 5 US EPA Class A standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) levels = Salmonella <3 MPN/4grams of total solids or Fecal Coliform <1000 MPN/gram of total solids. 6 Landscape architects or engineers may modify the allowable compost specification ranges based on specific field conditions and plant requirements. 275244.02
2.Submittals: The Contractor shall submit the following information to the Engineer at least 30 days prior to the date the compost is shipped to the construction site:
a.A vendor’ s certificate or affidavit attesting that the material complies with the requirements of this specification, the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, or a sister state agency from the state of origin.
b.A 2-gallon sample of the material for visual inspection. In addition, the test report shall indicate that the compost material is free of viable weed seed, plant propagules, and harmful pathogens. Non-organic materials such as concrete, plastic, metal, glass, paper products, chemically treated plywood, plywood, pressboard, and organic pine by-products will not be accepted. Other compost products may be substituted with the prior written approval of the Engineer in concert with the Landscape Architect.
k.Miscellaneous Planting Materials
1.Twine for wrapping balled and burlapped shrubs and trees shall be at least two-ply and made of an organic, biodegradable material such as sisal, jute, hemp burlap, or a similar product.
2.Horticultural Grade Perlite shall be a fine-to-medium grade, non-organic volcanic mineral identified as Perl-Lome having closed air cells and surface cavities, expanded to form a granular, snow-white material, 5 to 20 times its original volume. Perlite shall have a weight of 5 to 8 pounds per cubic foot. Prior to delivery, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, a sample of the perlite and a manufacturer’ s test report or product certification verifying that the material complies with the following analysis and gradation: pH = 6.5 to 7.5 Nutrient Content = Sterile Perlite Gradation Standard Sieve or Micron Size Fine Medium +16 mesh 10% maximum 60% maximum +100 mesh 60% minimum 85% minimum
3.Burlap for wrapping tree balls shall be made of an organic biodegradable material.
4.Water used in watering plants shall be obtained from fresh water sources and shall be free from chemicals and other toxic substances harmful to plants. Brackish water shall not be used. The source of water shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
5.Staking and guying materials shall be webbed or nylon cloth tree straps or flat, woven polypropylene with 900 lb. minimum break strength. Stakes for anchoring trees and shrubs shall be straight 2 inch by 2 inch rough dressed hardwood in the appropriate length and reasonably free of knots. Trees and shrubs shall be anchored in accordance with Section 1200 of the Department’ s Road and Bridge Standards unless otherwise indicated on the plans. Other staking, guying, and anchoring methods and materials specifically designed for securing trees and shrubs may be substituted with prior approval in writing from the Engineer or as designated on the plans. 276244.02
6.Below-ground tree anchors shall be below-grade steel stabilizers capable of fixing the root ball in place until the tree has established itself. Prior to ordering material, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer the manufacturer’ s product data for the type of anchoring system proposed for use, for review and approval.
7.Tree protection tubes shall be constructed from flexible UV -inhibited polyethylene, poly propylene, or similar material designed to speed photosynthesis, promote seedling growth, and reduce planting stress by trapping moisture, thereby raising relative humidity and ambient temperature inside the tube. Tree tubes shall protect the tree seedlings from animals, wind desiccation, small rodents, chemical sprays, and insects. The design of the tree tubes shall not be detrimental to the establishment and growth of the seedling or young tree. Tree tube designs shall be capable of accommodating tree growth for at least 3 years after planting.
8.Marking Dye . Marking dyes shall be used to color spray solutions, shall be non-phytotoxic, oil- or water-soluble, and compatible with the pesticide products with which they are applied. Marking dye products and application rates shall be subject to approval by the Engineer.
9.Mulch for individual planting pits and planting beds shall be pine bark, double-shredded hardwood bark or other material as indicated in the Planting Summary General Notes. A representative sample shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to delivery to the work site.
l.Rolled Erosion Control Products:
1.Rolled Erosion Control Products (Standard EC-2) shall conform to Table II-22C and the following requirements. EC-2 products shall be designed for use on geotechnically stable slopes and channels as detailed herein.
a.EC-2, Type 1 shall be a relative short-term single-net erosion control blanket or open weave textile. EC-2, Type 1 shall be one of the following materials: (1) an erosion control blanket composed of processed degradable natural or polymer fibers mechanically-bound together by a single degradable synthetic or natural fiber netting to form a continuous matrix; or (2) an open weave textile composed of processed degradable natural or polymer yarns or twines woven into a continuous matrix. EC-2, Type 1 shall typically have a 12-month functional longevity from the date of installation and be designed for shear stresses up to 1.50 pounds per square foot, for use on up to 1V:3H slopes and channels.
b.EC-2, Type 2 shall be a relative short-term double-net erosion control blanket. The blanket shall be composed of processed natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound between two natural fiber or synthetic nettings to form a continuous matrix. EC-2, Type 2 materi - als shall typically have a 12-month functional longevity from the date of installation and be designed for shear stresses up to 1.75 pounds per square foot, for use on up to 1V:2H slopes and channels.
c.EC-2, Type 3 shall be an extended term erosion control blanket or open weave textile. EC-2, Type 3 blankets shall be one of the following materials: 1) an erosion control blanket composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer fibers mechanically- bound together between two slow degrading synthetic or natural fiber nettings to form a continuous matrix; or 2) an open weave textile composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer yarns or twines woven into a continuous matrix. EC-2, Type 3 material shall typically have a 24-month functional longevity from the date of installation 277244.02 and be designed for shear stresses up to 2.00 pounds per square foot, for use on slopes up to 1V:1.5H and channels.
d.EC-2 Type 4 shall be a long-term erosion control blanket or open weave textile. EC-2, Type 4 blankets shall be one of the following materials: (1) an erosion control blanket composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer fibers mechanically-bound together between two slow degrading synthetic or natural fiber nettings to form a contin - uous matrix; or (2) an open weave textile composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer yarns or twines woven into a continuous matrix. EC-2, Type 4 material shall typically have a 36-month functional longevity from the date of installation and be de - signed for shear stresses up to 2.25 pounds per square foot, for use on up to 1V:1H slopes and channels.
2.Permanent Rolled Erosion Control Products (Standard EC-3) shall be permanent turf reinforcement mats conforming to Table II-22D and the following.
a.EC-3, Type 1 shall be a non-degradable mat of sufficient thickness, strength and void space for permanent erosion protection and vegetation reinforcement on geotechnically Property 1 2 3 4 Test Method Typical functional longevity1 (months)12 12 24 36 N/A Minimum tensile strength2 (pounds per foot)50 75 100 125 ASTM D 4595 Maximum “C” factor30.15 at 1V:3H0.20 at 1V:2H0.25 at 1V:1.5 H0.25 at 1V:1HASTM D6459 or other qualified independent test6 Minimum permissible shear stress4, 5 (pounds per square foot)1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25ASTM D6460 or other qualified independent test6TABLE II-22C Rolled Erosion Control Products (Std . EC-2) 1 Obtain max “C” factor and allowable shear stress for mulch control nettings with the netting used in conjunction with pre-applied mulch material. 1 Functional longevities are for guidance only. Actual functional longevities may vary based on site and climatic conditions. 2 Minimum average roll values, machine direction. 3 “C” factor calculated as ratio of soil loss from rolled erosion control product protected slope (tested at specified or greater gradient, v:h) to ratio of soil loss from unprotected (control) plot in large-scale testing. These perfor - mance test values should be supported by periodic bench scale testing under similar test conditions and failure criteria using Erosion Control Technology Council (ECTC) Test Method #2). 4 Minimum shear stress the rolled erosion control product (unvegetated) can sustain without physical damage or excess erosion (> 1/2-inch soil loss) during a 30-minute flow event in large-scale testing. These performance test values should be supported by periodic bench scale testing under similar test conditions and failure criteria using ECTC Test Method #3. 5 The permissible shear stress levels established for each performance category are based on historical experience with products characterized by Manning’ s roughness coefficients in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. 6 Other large scale test methods determined acceptable by the Department. 278244.02 stable slopes with gradients up to 1V:1.5H, channels with design shear stresses up to 6.0 pounds per square foot, and on other areas where design flow conditions exceed the limits of sustainability for mature natural vegetation.
b.EC-3, Type 2 shall be a non-degradable mat with sufficient thickness, strength and void space for permanent erosion protection and vegetation reinforcement on geotechni - cally stable slopes with gradients up to 1V:1H, channels with design shear stresses up to 8.0 pounds per square foot, and other areas where design flow conditions exceed the limits of sustainability for mature natural vegetation.
c.EC-3, Type 3 shall be a non-degradable mat with sufficient thickness, strength and void space for permanent erosion protection and vegetation reinforcement for use on geotech - nically stable slopes up to 1V:0.5H, channels with design shear stresses up to 10.0 pounds per square foot, and other areas where design flow conditions exceed the limits of sustain - ability for mature natural vegetation.
m.Fencing for Protection of Landscape or other environmentally significant designated areas shall be 40 inches in height and conform to Section 242.02(a) 12. Other fencing materials may be specified for use in accordance with Section 507 as noted on the plans or as approved by the Engineer. TABLE II-22D Permanent1 Turf Reinforcement Mats (Std . EC-3) Minimum tensile strength2, 3 (pounds per foot)125 150 175 ASTM D4595 UV stability (minimum % tensile retention)80 80 80ASTM D 4355 (500-hour exposure) Minimum thickness2 (inches)1/4 1/4 1/4 ASTM D 6525 Minimum permissible shear stress4 (pounds per square foot )6.0 8.0 10.0ASTM D 6460 or other qualified independent test5PropertiesRequirements per Rolled Erosion Control Type EC-3Test Method 1 2 3 1 For turf reinforcement mats containing degradable components, obtain all property values on the non-degradable portion of the matting alone. 2 Minimum average roll values (MARV), machine direction only. 3 Field conditions with high loading and high survivability requirements may warrant the use of turf reinforcement mats with tensile strengths of 3,000 pounds per foot or greater. 4 Minimum shear stress the turf reinforcement mat (fully vegetated) can sustain without physical damage or excess erosion (>1/2-inch soil loss) during a 30 minute flow event in large-scale testing. These performance test values should be supported by periodic bench scale testing under similar test conditions and failure criteria using Erosion Control Technology Council Test Method no.3. 5 Other large-scale test methods determined acceptable to VDOT. 279244.02
n.Biological Growth Stimulants Biological growth stimulants shall be composed of non-toxic materials having no germination or growth inhibiting factors and incapable of forming a water-resistant crust that can inhibit plant growth. Biological growth stimulants shall be commercially available for such use, be pre-packaged by the manufacturer, and meet the following requirements: Property Test Method Required Value Acute ToxicityASTM 7101 EPA Method 2021 or EPA Method 2002Non Toxic Seed Germination ASTM D73221200% minimum Plant Height ASTM D73221200% minimum Plant Mass ASTM D73221110% minimumPerformance 1 ASTM D7322 test method developed for Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) that have been modified for comparison to control between 14 and 21 days. When applied, biological growth stimulants shall provide an immediate seedbed adjustment to help stimulate seed germination, improve the availability of nutrients to the plants, increase the mass and depth of root development, and generate robust plant growth which is more tolerant of changes in environmental conditions. Biological growth stimulants shall be comprised of one or more of the following: • Humic acid (humates), • Humectats, • Cold water processed seaweed/kelp extract, • Beneficial microbes, • Cytokinins, • Gibberellins, • Auxins (growth hormones), and • Endo-mycorrhizae Animal by-products or municipal waste are not acceptable growth stimulants under this spec - ification. Liquid fertilizers are not acceptable as biological growth stimulants under this specification.
o.Sediment Retention Rolls A sediment retention roll is a manufactured 3-dimensional device of a specified filler material en - capsulated within a flexible containment material utilized in sediment and flow control applications. Sediment retention rolls may be used to reduce runoff flow velocities on sloped surfaces as slope interrupters, as curb inlet protection, and as ditch check dams. Sediment Retention rolls may be one of the following products: 280244.02
1.Compost Filter Sock is a three-dimensional tubular sediment control device that consisting of a knitted material filled with compost. The compost shall be reasonably free (< 1% by dry weight) of man-made foreign matter and meet the product parameters listed in
244.02 (g) 3. Compost used in filter sock products shall be certified through the U.S. Compost -
ing Council’ s (USCC) Seal of Testing Assurance (STA) Program. Compost used for compost filter sock shall meet the following product size specification: Parameters forGradation (units of measure)Blanket Media to be V egetated Compost Filter Sock% passing a selected mesh size, dry weight basis • 2” (50 mm), 99% passing • 3/8” (10mm), 30 to 50% passing • Maximum particle length of 2” (50 mm) The knitted material for compost filter socks shall conform to the following: Physical Requirements3 mil HDPE5 mil HDPE5 mil HDPEMulti- Filament Polypropylene (MFPP)Heavy Duty Multi-Filament Polypropylene (HDMFPP) Sock Diameters12” 18”12” 18” 24” 32”12” 18” 24” 32”12” 18” 24” 32”12” 18” 24” 32” Mesh Opening 3/8” 3/8” 3/8” 3/8” 1/8” Tensile Strength 26 psi 26 psi 26 psi 44 psi 202 psi Ultraviolet Stability, % Original Strength (ASTM G155)23% at 1000 hr.23% at 1000 hr.23% at 1000 hr.100% at 1000 hr.100% at 1000 hr. Minimum Functional Longevity6 months 9 months 6 months 1 year 2 years NOTE: All material must be knitted. Extruded material will not be permitted. All material must be photo-degradable.
2.Sediment Tubes shall be composed of compacted material such as certified 100% weed free curled excelsior wood with 80% of the fiber being at least 4 inches in length, natural coconut fi - bers (bristle and mattress form obtained from freshwater cured coconut husk.), certified 100% weed free agricultural straw, certified 100% weed free hardwood mulch, or a mix of these ma - terials or other VDOT -accepted materials enclosed by a tubular flexible outer netting material consisting of one of the following: • Seamless, photo-degradable, high-density, polyethylene, polyester, or ethyl vinyl acetate, treated with ultraviolet stabilizers. • Seamless, non-degradable, high-density polyethylene. 281245.03 • Seamless, non-degradable, high-density polypropylene. • Coir netting or coir fastening twine. Sediment tubes of washed shredded recycled rubber particles with a minimum of 98% of metal removed contained in seamless, non-degradable, high-density polypropylene may be used for Inlet Protection and Temporary Check Dams in accordance with the Standard Drawings. Straw, curled excelsior wood, or natural coconut products that are rolled up to create a sediment tube without an outer netting will not be allowed. Natural pine needles, leaf mulch, and grass clipping-filled sediment tubes will not be permitted. SECTION 245—GEOSYNTHETICS AND LOW PERMEABILITY LINERS
245.01 Description
These specifications cover artificial fiber textile products to be used in transportation construction work, and low permeability liners for stormwater management facilities.
245.02 Shipping, Handling, and Storage Requirements
Geosynthetic shall be permanently marked with a clearly legible print showing manufacturing plant or plant Identification Code number, located on the roll edge at least every 16 feet. Rolls shall be labeled at both ends of the outside of the roll outer wrapping and both ends of the inside of the geotextile roll core, and labels shall list the roll number, production date, AASHTO M288 class(es) the product meets, and the product name; if the permanent marking contains this information, the labels may be omitted. Each geosynthetic roll shall be wrapped or otherwise packaged in a manner that will protect the geo - synthetic, including the ends of the roll, from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, and contami - nants. The protective wrapping shall be maintained during periods of shipment and storage. During storage, geosynthetics rolls shall be elevated off the ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site construction damage; precipitation; extended ultraviolet radiation including sunlight; strong acids or strong bases; flames including welding sparks; temperatures in excess of 160 degrees F; and other environmental conditions that may damage the physical property values of the geosynthetic. Geosynthetics that are not properly protected may be subject to rejection.
245.03 Testing and Documentation
Each geosynthetic material provided to the project shall have a manufacture date within its current NT - PEP product 3-year evaluation cycle. The manufacturer and any subsequent private labeler facility shall be listed as compliant by NTPEP within the current calendar year, or immediate past calendar year with an application for audit for the current calendar year. The Department may sample and test product from a facility or project at any time to verify compliance with specification requirements. Failure may result in the product being rejected or removed from the Approved List.
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 293–308 of 1,065.