674506.04 Reinforced concrete crib walls will be measured in cubic feet of the net volume of concrete in crib units and will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic foot. This price shall include concrete and reinforcing steel. Granular backfill will be measured and paid for as regular excavation in accordance with Section 303.06. Porous backfill for retaining walls will be measured and paid for in accordance with Section 401.04. Piles for retaining walls will be measured and paid for in accordance with Section 403.08. Excavation for retaining walls will be measured in accordance with Section 401.04 and will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard. This price shall include excavation, foundation exploration, sheeting and shoring, placing and compacting backfill and disposal of surplus material, and porous back - fill when not specified as a separate pay item. Payment will be made under: ———————————————————————Pay Item Pay Unit——————————————————————— Retaining wall (Standard) Cubic yard Concrete crib (Standard) Cubic foot Retaining wall excavation Cubic yard——————————————————————— SECTION 507—FENCES
507.01 Description
This work shall consist of constructing and grounding new fence in accordance with these specifications and in conformity to the lines and grades shown on the plans or as established by the Engineer.
507.02 Materials
a.Materials for f ences shall conform to Section 242.
b.Staples shall be 9-gage galvanized strand wire and shall be at least 1 1/2 inches in length for soft wood posts and at least 1 inch in length for hardwood posts.
c.Grounding materials shall conform to Section 238.
507.03 Procedures
The Contractor shall remove old fences that are not to be salvaged, trees, stumps, logs, and other debris that will interfere with new fence construction, and dispose of these according to Section 106.04 or as directed by the Engineer. If rock is encountered before the specified post depth is reached, the Contractor shall install posts to approx - imately 3 feet in depth or 18 inches into rock, whichever is less. The diameter of holes prepared for setting posts in rock shall be at least 3 inches greater than the larger cross-sectional dimension of the post. If rock is encountered during installation of gates, corners, or brace posts, posts shall be placed in concrete. 675507.03 Post and braced post anchor devices may be used in lieu of placing post and braces in concrete, except where rock is encountered. Anchor devices shall be fabricated of steel having a yield strength of at least 30,000 pounds per square inch or of other metal approved by the Engineer; shall have a thickness of not less than that specified for the post or 1/8 inch, whichever is greater; and shall be galvanized in accordance with Section 233. Post and braced post anchor devices, together with the post, shall develop at least 80 percent of the resistance to horizontal and rotational displacement of individual post and braced post assemblies set in concrete when the load is gradually applied to the fence fabric at midheight. The Contractor shall demon - strate that the performance and stability of post and braced post anchor devices will be comparable to that of concrete when such devices are proposed for use in lieu of concrete. The use of post and braced post anchor devices in lieu of concrete and the demonstration of comparable performance and stability shall be at the Contractor’ s expense and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
a.Standard Chain Link Fences: The Contractor shall install metal posts for chain link fences in Class A3 concrete footings. Posts set in concrete footings shall not be disturbed for at least 7 days following the initial set of concrete and for at least 14 days when the average air temperature for the week following placement is below 50 degrees F . Each span shall be attached independently at pull and corner posts. Ends of fabric rolls and other sec - tions to be spliced shall be joined by weaving a single strand of the fabric wire into ends of the fabric to create a continuous pattern of mesh. Fabric shall be stretched taut and securely fastened to each post and rail. Fastenings at ends, gates, corners, and pull posts shall be with stretcher bars and metal bands.
b.Standard Fences: The Contractor shall install wooden posts with the larger end down. Backfill around wood posts shall be thoroughly compacted in layers approximately 6 inches in thickness. The Contractor may install wooden posts by driving provided they are not damaged. Damaged posts shall be removed and replaced at the Contractor’ s expense. Metal posts shall be driven into insitu soils. Wire shall be stretched taut and securely fastened to each post. The Engineer will only permit splicing at post locations unless a splice can be provided that will develop a strength comparable to the strength of the wire. Each horizontal strand of wire shall be wrapped around the end of the gatepost and securely fastened by winding it about the wire leading to the post. A new fence shall be joined to an existing fence at the beginning and end of the new fence and at points where cross fences intersect the new fence. Wood fence posts shall be installed so that the tops form a regular grade line. Tops or bottoms of posts that are sawed in the field shall be brush coated with three heavy applications of 2 percent copper naphthenate from the VDOT Materials Division Approved Products List No. 51. Each appli - cation shall be given sufficient time to penetrate the wood. Gates shall be erected at locations shown on the plans or where designated by the Engineer. If pre - ferred by the property owner and with the Engineer’ s approval, gates and fences similar in type to those that exist may be substituted for the gates and fences shown on the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards. The Contractor shall remove surplus excavated material and other debris resulting from erecting fences and leave the site in a neat, orderly condition. The Contractor shall be responsible for damage caused to or by livestock straying through areas where the Contractor has removed an old fence that is to be replaced with a new fence. 676507.03
c.Pedestrian Fences for Bridges: The frame for pedestrian fences for bridges shall be bonded internally to maintain continuity. Electrical grounding shall conform to Section 410.03(b).
d.High Visibility Fences: The Contractor shall furnish and install high visibility fence at required locations or as directed by the Engineer. The fence shall be no less than 4 feet high and be a bright orange polyethylene web design conforming to Section 242.02(a)12. The high visibility fence shall be installed on metal “T” or “U” post spaced on 6-foot centers and driven to a minimum depth of 18 inches. The Contractor shall maintain the high visibility fence and remove it when no longer required or directed to by the Engineer.
507.04 Measurement and Payment
Fences will be measured in linear feet of fence fabric along the top of the fence from outside to outside of end posts for each continuous run of fence, exclusive of gates, and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot of fence fabric. This price shall include clearing, leveling, and preparing terrain at the fence level; furnishing and installing line posts; attaching to posts; grounding; and disposing of surplus and unsuitable material. Line and corner braces will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. This price shall include furnishing and installing posts, braces, concrete, and dowels. Water gates, Types I and II, will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. This price shall include furnishing and installing end posts, gate and fittings. Water gate, Type III, will be measured in linear feet of gate between inside edges of end posts and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. This price shall include furnishing and installing end posts and anchor block assemblies. Pedestrian fences will be measured along the top of the wall and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. This price shall include furnishing and installing posts, fabric, braces, ties, and grounding. High visibility fence will be measured in linear feet and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. This price shall include furnishing and installing the fence, metal post, maintenance, and removal. Payment will be made under: ————————————————————————————Pay Item Pay Unit————————————————————————————Fence (Standard) Linear foot Corner brace unit (Standard) Each Line brace unit (Standard) Each Pedestrian fence (Height) Linear foot Gate (Standard and length) Each Water gate (Standard) Each or Linear foot High visibility fence, 4 feet Linear foot———————————————————————————— 677508.02 SECTION 508—DEMOLITION OF P A VEMENT AND OBSCURING ROADW AY
508.01 Description
This work shall consist of demolishing existing pavement and obscuring roadway to restore areas that are no longer needed for highway use in accordance with these specifications and in conformity to the lines and contours shown on the plans or as established by the Engineer.
508.02 Procedures
a.Demolition of Pavement Structures:
1.Hydraulic cement concrete pavement: The Contractor shall demolish such pavement accord- ing to the following:
a.Pavement shall be broken into pieces and either used in fill areas as rock embankment in accordance with Section 303 or disposed of at locations selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.
b.Material within the proposed roadway prism and more than 3 feet below the subgrade may be broken into pieces not more than 18 inches in any dimension, sufficiently displaced to allow for adequate drainage, and left in the roadway prism.
2.Asphalt concrete pavement: The Contractor shall remove asphalt concrete pavement that does not overlay or underlie hydraulic cement concrete pavement as follows:
a.Pavement shall be removed and used in the work as designated on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
b.When approved by the Engineer, pavement shall be removed and disposed of at locations selected by the Contractor.
3.Cement-stabilized courses underlying pavement designated for demolition shall be disposed of in accordance with (a)1.a. or (a)1.b. herein.
4.Aggregate underlying pavement designated for demolition except hydraulic cement concrete pavement disposed of in accordance with (a)1.b. herein shall be salvaged and used for maintenance of traffic or, when approved by the Engineer, disposed of in accordance with (a)2.a. herein.
b.Obscuring Roadway: The Contractor shall obscure existing roadways in accordance with the following procedures:
1.Areas outside construction limits consisting of asphalt concrete or hydraulic cement con- crete pavement demolished in accordance with (a) herin shall be conditioned in accordance with the following:
a.Tops of slopes that do not contain rock shall be rounded for a distance of not more than 10 but not less than 5 feet (where sufficient right of way exists) beyond the point of
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 702–704 of 1,065.