529(h) Painting: Steel grid flooring furnished without galvanizing but with a shop coat of paint shall be cleaned, prepared, and painted in accordance with Section 411. If the Contractor elects to use a structural steel plate on the bottom of a filled floor, the Contractor shall clean, prepare, and paint the bottom surface of the plate in accordance with Section 411.
409.04 Measurement and Payment
Steel grid floors will be measured in square feet of surface area and will be paid for at the contract unit price per square foot. This price shall include fabrication including connections and galvanizing and painting when specified. Payment will be made under: —————————————— ————Pay Item Pay Unit—————————————— ————Steel grid floor Square foot—————————————— ———— SECTION 410—RAILINGS AND P ARAPETS
410.01 Description
This work shall consist of furnishing and installing railings, bridge median barriers, and concrete parapets true to the line, grade, and dimensions shown on the plans or as established by the Engineer.
410.02 Materials
a.Concrete shall conform to Section 217. If the Engineer approves the Contractor placing concrete by the extrusion method, the slump of the concrete may be less than 2 inches, the air content shall be no less than 4 percent, and the size of the coarse aggregate shall be no less than No. 7.
b.Steel reinforcement shall conform to Section 223.
c.Steel for metal parapets shall conform to Section 226.
d.Hydraulic cement mortar and grout shall be nonshrinking and shall conform to Section 218.
e.Aluminum railings and materials shall conform to Section 229.
f.Anchor bolts shall conform to Section 226.02(c).
g.Grounding materials shall conform to Section 238.
410.03 Procedures
a.Post Alignment: Posts shall be perpendicular to the profile grade and plumb in the transverse direction regardless of the cross slope.410.03 530(b) Metal Railings: Fabrication and erection shall be performed in accordance with Section 407. The Contractor shall submit working drawings in accordance with Section 407. In welded railing, exposed joints of welded railings shall be finished by grinding or filing to give a neat and smooth appearance prior to the application of any galvanizing or coatings. Bridges under any one contract shall have the same type of railing when alternate metal railings are permitted. The Contractor shall carefully adjust metal railings prior to being fixed in place to ensure proper matching at abutting joints and correct alignment and camber throughout their length. Holes for field connections shall be drilled wherever possible with railing in place at the proper grade and alignment. Abutment ends of metal railings and metal parapets shall be grounded. Grounding conductor shall be bare or insulated (green) copper. Grounding electrode(s) shall be installed in accordance with Section 700 and shall conform to the NEC. All sections of metal railings, movable joints of metal railings, metal parapets, and the gaps in the metal railings created by concrete pole supports or other design modifications shall be bonded internally to maintain continuity. Grounding conductors shall pass through bridge parapets and backwalls in 1 inch conduit or raceway to a point 4 to 8 inches below the finished grade and attach to a grounding electrode(s) with a minimum of 8 feet contact with soil. Each run of grounding conductor shall be provided with a 4-inch exposed loop at expansion joints and at termination points. The Contractor shall test each metal rail section adjacent to the next metal railing for continuity to ensure system grounding. The Contractor shall test the grounding electrode(s) after installation using the fall of potential (three-point measurement) method. The Contractor shall document the testing and submit the documentation to the Engineer.
1.Painting: Steel or iron railing that is not galvanized shall be given one shop coat and three field coats of paint after erection. Painting shall be performed in accordance with Section 411.
2.Anchorages: Metal-railing anchorages in concrete shall be placed in accordance with of Section 404 and Section 408.
3.Aluminum railings: Components of railing shall be designed for adequate structural strength. Castings shall have a thickness of at least 1/4 inch, and other units shall have a thickness of at least 3/16 inch. Aluminum in contact with concrete shall be coated with an approved aluminum-impregnated caulking compound. Aluminum surfaces in contact with metals other than stainless or galvanized steel shall be insulated with approved materials.
c.Concrete Railings, Bridge Median Barriers, and Parapets: The Contractor shall not construct concrete railings or parapets until centering or falsework for the span has been released, rendering the span self-supporting. Railings, bridge median barriers, and parapets shall be constructed in accordance with Section 404 for the class of concrete specified on the plans and shall be given a Class I finish. The Contractor shall take care to construct and secure smooth and tight-fitting forms that can be rigidly held to line and grade during all phases of construction and curing and then removed without damage to concrete. Concrete parapets and median barriers shall be constructed within an allowable tolerance of ±1/2 inch for overall depth and overall width, ±1/4 inch for the width of the upper portion of the barrier, and ±1/4 inch per 10 feet for horizontal alignment.410.03 531Forms for concrete railing shall be fabricated of single-width boards lined with Department approved material. The Engineer will not permit form joints in plane surfaces. The Contractor shall build moldings, panel work, and bevel strips with neatly mitered joints. Corners in finished work shall be true; sharp; clean cut; and free from cracks, spalls, or other defects. Reinforcing steel shall be placed in accordance with Section 406. Expansion joints shall be constructed so as to permit freedom of movement. The Contractor shall remove loose or thin shells of mortar likely to spall under movement from expansion joints by means of a sharp chisel after all other work is completed. Use of the extrusion method for concrete placement requires the Engineer’ s approval. If the Contractor is approved construct railing, parapet, or median barrier by the extrusion method, construction shall conform to the following:
1.The Contractor shall submit all necessary details for approval if the bridge deck needs to be widened or additional reinforcing steel placed in the railing, parapet, or median barrier to accommodate the extrusion machine. Widening the bridge deck or placing additional reinforc - ing steel shall be at the Contractor’ s risk and expense.
2.The extrusion machine shall be equipped with internal vibrators to consolidate concrete along the face and adjacent joints in one complete pass of the machine. The extrusion machine shall be operated in such a manner that a minimum of hand finishing will be required to produce a dense homogenous finish, free from voids and honeycomb.
3.The Contractor shall submit his proposed method of forming drains to the Engineer for approval when the plans require horizontal drains in the railing, parapet, or median barrier.
4.Deflection and expansion joints shall be grooved in accordance with the plans immediately after the extrusion process, and any required saw cutting shall be completed the same day the concrete is placed. The Engineer may require the Contractor to discontinue this type of construction if the Contractor’ s methods and means do not produce satisfactory results commensurate with cast-in-place construction until such time as the Contractor can modify or alter the means of extrusion to satisfactorily address the Engineer’ s concerns. If such modifications do not satisfactorily remedy the concerns of the Engineer, the Engineer may withdraw approval to continue construction of railing, parapet, or median barrier by the extrusion method.
410.04 Measurement and Payment
Railing will be measured in linear feet along the centerline of the top rail between the extremities of each railing without deductions for breaks or interruptions. When railing is not a pay item, the cost thereof shall be included in the price for other appropriate items. When railing is a pay item, railing will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the type specified. This price shall include constructing, fabricating, and furnishing rails, rail posts, post bearing pads, anchor assemblies, and sleeves; furnishing and installing grounding materials; painting; galvanizing; reinforcing steel necessary; and concrete where applicable. Parapets will be measured in linear feet along the face of the parapet, and bridge median barrier will be measured in linear feet along the barrier centerline. Parapets and bridge median barriers will be paid 410.04 532for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the type specified. This price shall include furnishing and installing materials designated above the bridge deck surface, including anchorage material, reinforcing steel, junction boxes, conduits, and/or raceways used for rail grounding. Payment will be made under: —————————————— ————————Pay Item Pay Unit—————————————— ————————Railing (Type) Linear foot Parapet (Type) Linear foot Bridge median barrier (Type) Linear foot—————————————— ———————— SECTION 411—PROTECTIVE COATING OF METAL IN STRUCTURES
411.01 Description
This work shall consist of preparing and coating ferrous metal surfaces on new and existing structures, including, but not limited to, main units, diaphragms, bearing assemblies, shop and field contact surfaces, surfaces in contact with concrete, parts designed to be embedded in concrete, railings, expansion joints, drainage systems, utility lines, and attachments in accordance with these specifications. Classification of Structures: Existing structures will be classified on the plans by the Department as follows: Type A: Steel structures that have no existing coatings. Type B: Steel structures that have existing coatings. Should the bid proposal involve a structure that requires application of a coating and no classification is specified in the bid documents, the bidder shall assume the structure to be Type B and bid accordingly. Galvanized surfaces and surfaces protected with other coatings shall not be coated unless spec - ified otherwise in the contract. Cast, ductile, and nodular iron castings need not be coated. Application procedures not specified herein shall be as specified by the coatings manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.
411.02 Materials
a.Coatings shall conform to Section 231.
b.Water used in cleaning operations shall be potable. If water is recycled, it shall be filtered prior to reuse. Recycled water shall be used only on the bridge from which it was generated and shall be subsequently tested after cleaning operations but prior to disposal in accordance with Section 411.04(a) and then properly disposed of.
c.Soluble Salt Remover shall be added to wash water in order to remove chlorides, sulfates and nitrates from surfaces when cleaning operations are performed. Soluble salt removers shall be submitted to the Engineer for acceptance prior to use.410.04
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 557–559 of 1,065.