789700.02 SECTION 700—GENERAL
700.01 Description
These specifications cover general construction items, methods, and procedures common to the furnishing and installing traffic control devices, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and associated systems. Installation of materials shall be accomplished in accordance with the manufacturer’ s instruc - tions except when otherwise indicated. All electrical work shall be in accordance with the applicable National Electrical Code (NEC) unless otherwise specified herein. Refer to the latest applicable edition of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)/NEC for electrical technical definitions, acronyms and abbreviations.
700.02 Materials
a.Concrete shall be Class A3 conforming to Section 217.
b.Reinforcing steel shall conform to Section 223.
c.Dissimilar metals - The contact surfaces between dissimilar metals shall be isolated with an ap- proved durable nylon washer, gasket, or other approved isolation material to prevent corrosion, except that isolation material shall not be used in conjunction with mast arm hanger assemblies, nor shall isolation materials be used on square tube post structures.
d.Galvanizing shall conform to Section 233.
e.Electrical items shall conform to Section 238.
f.Wood for wooden posts and poles shall conform to Section 236 and shall be treated in accordance with Section 236. Wood items shall be cut to size or design before treatment.
g.Steel for structural support of light poles and traffic control devices shall conform to Section 226 and shall be fabricated, welded, and inspected in accordance with Section 407 unless otherwise noted.
h.Anchor bolts shall be high strength steel conforming to Section 226 unless otherwise specified. The anchor bolts shall be galvanized except when stainless steel is specified on the plans. Anchor bolts shall be straight with ring and plate or nuts and washers attached to the end of the anchor bolts em - bedded in the concrete. The Department will not permit the use of J-bolts except in the construction of controller cabinet foundations.
i.Aluminum for fabricated items shall conform to Section 229 and shall be fabricated, welded, and inspected in accordance with Section 407.
j.Breakaway support systems including breakaway transformer bases, shall conform to National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 or Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) testing requirements. The Contractor shall provide a copy of the MASH or FHWA certification letter for the brands and models of breakaway systems planned for use. Breakaway couplers will not be permitted. 790700.02 The following shall be used when breakaway support systems are specified on the plans:
1.Frangible bases shall be aluminum.
2.Slip bases shall be galvanized steel or other approved noncorrosive metal.
k.Miscellaneous hardware shall be brass, bronze, stainless steel, or galvanized steel.
700.03 General Requirements
Cable wiring holes in traffic control device and ITS device structures shall be deburred and rounded, or fitted with a grommet. Damaged galvanization shall be repaired in accordance with Section 233. The size of the hole shall not exceed the sum of the diameter of the cables plus 1/2 inch. The design of traffic control device and ITS device structures and foundations shall conform to AASHTO’ s Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals, 6th Edition (LTS-6), 2013 with 2015 interims, as modified elsewhere in the Contract. In addition, structures and foundations shall be designed as per the following:
a.Sign Structures: Overhead Sign and Dynamic Message Sign (DMS) Structures (Span, Cantilever, Butterfly, etc.) shall be fabricated from galvanized steel material as specified herein. Aluminum structures will not be allowed. Base plates for overhead sign structures shall have at least the minimum number and diameter of anchor bolts specified in the Standard Drawings. Washers are required above and below the base plate. Tubular pole shafts shall have a removable cap fastened by at least three screws. Ground Mounted Sign Structures shall be fabricated from galvanized steel unless otherwise indicated. Square tube posts shall conform to ASTM A1011, Grade 50 except the yield strength after cold-forming shall be 60,000 psi minimum for 12 and 14 gauge posts, and 55,000 psi minimum for 10 gauge posts. Posts (inside and outside) shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A653, Coating Designation G-90. Square tube sign posts that are 2.5 inches or less shall have 7/16-inch (± 1/64-inch) openings or knockouts spaced 1-inch on centers on all four sides.
b.Lighting Structures shall be of a one-piece or sectional single unit, tubular form, and shall be round or multisided. Multisided poles shall have at least eight sides. Pole shafts shall have a remov - able cap fastened by at least three screws.
1.High Mast Lighting Structures (Lengths of 55 feet or greater) shall be galvanized steel and shall have at least the minimum number and diameter of anchor bolts specified in the Standard Drawings. Aluminum structures will not be allowed. Washers are required above and below the base plate.
2.Conventional Lighting Structures (Lengths less than 55 feet) shall be galvanized steel or aluminum and shall have at least the minimum number and diameter of anchor bolts specified in the Standard Drawings. 791700.03
c.Signal Poles and Mast Arms shall be galvanized steel of a one-piece or sectional single unit, tubular form, and shall be round or multisided. Multisided poles shall have at least eight sides. Pole shafts and mast arms shall have a removable cap fastened by at least three screws. If field adjusting of mast arm length is required, the end cap shall snugly fit the arm after adjustment.
1.Mast Arm Signal Poles: The mast arms shall not deflect below the horizontal plane or below the minimum vertical clearance after the Standard Drawing MP-3 maximum loads are applied. The flange plate and pole shall have a 4 inch wiring hole centered in the pattern that is deburred and rounded or fitted with a grommet. Mast arms shall be secured to the pole with thru-bolt, nuts, and washer connections. The flange plate shall be continuously welded to gusset and side plates. Gusset and side plates shall be continuously welded to the pole and each other. The flange plate shall be parallel to the axis of the pole. Flange plates for mast arm poles with two arms shall be positioned 90 degrees to each other. The flange plate shall be designed to receive a minimum of eight 1.5-inch diameter bolts for attachment of the arm. Foundations for mast arm signal poles shall be designed in accordance with Standard Drawing PF-8 for the specified pole length and mast arm length shown on the Plans. Foundations shall also be designed for the greater of either the mast arm loadings and placement of loads shown on the Plans, or the Standard Drawing MP-3 design loadings for that arm length. Mast arm poles shall have a round base plate and at least the minimum number of anchor bolts specified in the Standard Drawings. Washers are required above and below the base plate. Mast arm pole types shall be in accordance with the following table. The poles shall be designed to support the maximum design loading allowed for that pole type, in accordance with the following table and Standard Drawing MP-3. The arms shall be designed to support the maximum design loading allowed for that mast arm length depicted in Standard Drawing MP-3. Pole Type# of armsMP-3 Maximum Allowable LoadingLuminaire armPole Length (top of pole to bottom of base plate) A 1 49 ft Loading Standard No 19 B1 1 75 ft Case 1 Loading Standard No 19 B2 1 75 ft Case 2 Loading Standard No 19 C 2 (mounted at 90° to each other)70 ft Loading Standard & 60 ft Loading StandardNo 19 D 1 49 ft Loading Standard Y es 25 E1 1 75 ft Case 1 Loading Standard Y es 25 E2 1 75 ft Case 2 Loading Standard Y es 25 F 2 (mounted at 90° to each other)70 ft Loading Standard & 60 ft Loading StandardY es 25 792700.03 Mast arms and poles shall be designed such that arm lengths greater than 49 feet in length cannot be mated to Type A or Type D poles. Mast arms shall not be attached to poles that have not been designed to support that length of mast arm. Type D, E1, E2, and F poles, and the foundations for those poles, shall also be designed to support a maximum 18’ luminaire arm supporting a 22-pound video camera with 1 square foot of wind load area concentrated 1 foot from the end of arm, and a 35-pound luminaire with 1 square foot of wind load area located at the end of the arm.
2.Strain Signal Poles shall be erected on foundations designed in accordance with Standard Drawing PF-8. They shall have a round base plate designed for at least the minimum number and diameter of anchor bolts specified in Standard Drawing PF-8. Washers are required above and below the base plate. The structure and the foundation shall be designed for the loads shown on the plans. Strain signal poles shall be field drilled for the attachment of span wire and tether wire. Span wire shall be attached at least 18 inches below the top of the pole. All loads shall be assumed to be tethered and no load reduction for breaking of the tether wire shall be used in the pole design.
3.Pedestal Signal Poles shall be aluminum 6061-T6 structural tubes with minimum 0.337-inch wall thickness.
d.Luminaire arms shall be manufactured of the same material (aluminum or galvanized steel) as the supporting structure.
e.Camera Poles for the support of ITS equipment shall be galvanized steel of a one-piece or sectional single unit, tubular form, and shall be round or multisided. Multisided poles shall have at least eight sides. They shall have at least four anchor bolts.
f.Remove Existing Sign Panels or Sign Structures: Removed materials shall be disposed of in accordance with Section 106.04. All foundations shall be removed to a point at least 2 feet below finished grade. The Contractor shall fill and compact the resulting cavities, and restore the area with topsoil, grading, seed, fertilizer, or lime as necessary. All new signs in a particular sequence giving similar directions shall be installed before existing signs are removed. Where a sign support is located on a bridge structure, or other such structure where the foundation cannot be removed, the existing anchor bolts shall be cut flush with the top of the structure and sealed with a two-part epoxy resin to prevent the remaining bolts from corroding. When an overhead sign structure is attached to a bridge parapet, the existing anchor bolts shall be mechanically cut flush with the surface of the parapet, removed by mechanical drilling to a depth of one-half inch below the surface of the parapet, and patched to match the color and texture of the existing parapet surface with hydraulic cement mortar or grout in accordance with Section 410. Con - nection bolts to the steel beams shall be removed and voids shall be filled as directed by the Engineer. When an existing sign structure being removed has lights or beacons, the electrical service shall be disengaged at the nearest junction box, and all conductors shall be capped and sealed in place unless service is to be reused for electrical service for a replacement structure. 793700.05 When an existing sign panel is being removed in order to facilitate its replacement with a new sign panel, the existing sign panel shall be removed immediately before installing the new sign panel unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. When an existing sign structure is being replaced with a new sign structure, then continuity of signing shall be maintained by erecting the new sign structure immediately behind the existing sign structure prior to removing the existing sign structure unless otherwise directed in the Plans or by the Engineer.
g.Relocate Existing Sign Panels: Sign panels designated for relocation shall be removed from their existing locations and reinstalled at the locations indicated in the Contract. Existing framing and bracing members shall be reused at the new sign location unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Sign panels shall be reinstalled immediately following removal from their existing location, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Sign panels shall be attached to their new location using new attachment hardware in accordance with the Standard Drawings and the Specifications. Any sign panels that are scratched or damaged during the relocation process shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Department.
700.04 Working Drawings
The Contractor shall submit working drawings for traffic control device and ITS device foundations and structures to the Engineer in accordance with Section 105.10. Working drawings shall include design calculations, shop drawings and applicable catalog cuts. Each copy of catalogue cuts shall be submitted with the manufacturer’ s name and address clearly noted. Any product that has been rescinded from the VDOT Pre-Approved Traffic Control Device List will not be allowed for use if the rescinded date is on or before the date of advertisement for the project without written approval from the Engineer. Shop drawings shall be submitted in pdf electronic format. A Professional Engineer licensed to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia shall verify that the proposed traffic control device or ITS device foundations and structures are designed in accordance with the Plans, Specifications, Standard Drawings, and the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals, 6th Edition (LTS-6), 2013 with 2015 interim, as modified elsewhere in the Contract and address site conditions, loadings shown on the plans, maximum design loadings in the Standard Drawings and Contract, and required vertical clearances.
700.05 Procedures
a.Grounding Electrodes: The Contractor shall install grounding electrodes (rods) according to the NEC or by other methods approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall install the grounding electrodes using a hydraulic/pneumatic/electric hammer drill driving device with an electrode drive bit to minimize damage to the electrode tip. The electrode drive bit shall accommodate 3/4-inch 794700.05 electrodes. Grounding electrodes shall include a grounding electrode conductor and grounding electrode clamp. Grounding electrode(s), when installed directly into the soil, shall be a single electrode driven to a depth of at least 4 inches below the finished grade. The grounding electrode(s) shall be installed vertically such that at least 8 feet of length is in contact with the soil. Where rock bottom is encountered, the electrode shall be driven at an oblique angle no more than 45 degrees from the vertical point. If refusal occurs due to encountering rock or other obstructions before installing the electrode to have at least 8 feet contact with the soil, the Contractor shall remove the electrode, or cut it off 6 inches below grade and abandon it. Grounding electrodes and grounding electrode conductors shall be cleaned to remove oxidation and any other foreign material from their surfaces before connecting. Grounding electrode(s) shall be inspected to ensure all connections are mechanically secure and electrically tested. The following procedures apply to the installation of the grounding electrodes listed:
1.Electrical service grounding electrodes: The Contractor shall only apply the following pro- cedures for installing electrical service grounding electrodes: • Primary grounding electrodes and grounding electrode conductors shall be installed in the presence of the Engineer at a date and time mutually agreed upon. • The Contractor shall install a junction box at the primary grounding electrode location for access to the electrode for connection and testing. Grounding electrode conductors shall be installed from the bottom of the junction box or through the conduit entrance. The grounding electrode shall be centered in the bottom of the junction box with at least 6 inches exposed. • Primary grounding electrodes shall be directly driven into the soil within 6 feet from the electrical service structure, unless otherwise specified on the plans. • Primary grounding electrodes shall be connected to grounding electrode conductor(s) using exothermic welds. Exothermic welds shall be designed for the size of conductors and grounding electrodes used and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s instructions. • Primary grounding electrode(s) shall not have a resistance to ground of more than 25 ohms. A 10-foot section of grounding electrode shall have at least 8 feet contact with the soil. • Primary grounding electrodes shall be installed vertically to a depth of 40 feet or until refusal. If the vertical grounding electrode cannot be installed with at least 8 feet contact with soil, that electrode shall be removed or cut off 6 inches below grade and abandoned. The Contractor shall then drive the removed or another grounding electrode at an oblique angle of no more than 45 degrees from the vertical point to a depth of 40 feet or until refusal. 795700.05 • Primary grounding electrodes shall be joined at each section with couplers. • Primary grounding electrodes complying with these requirements shall be augmented with an additional grounding electrode and connected in parallel to the primary grounding electrode to form a system. Primary grounding electrode(s) and augmented electrode(s) shall be spaced at least 10 feet apart. The augmented electrode shall be a single electrode with minimum 8 foot contact with soil, driven to a depth of 4 inches below the finished grade. If refusal occurs, the augmented electrode shall be removed and then driven at an angle of not more than 45 degrees away from the primary grounding electrode. The grounding electrode conductor shall be installed to a depth of at least 18 inches below grade when connecting the primary electrode and augmented grounding electrode(s). The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of those location(s) where primary grounding elec - trodes do not conform to the following: • Resistance does not measure 25 ohms or less. • Grounding electrode does not have at least an 8-foot contact with soil. For such locations, the Engineer will advise the Contractor on how to proceed. Grounding electrode testing: The Contractor shall test the grounding electrode as required by the manufacturer’ s instructions for the type of earth testing equipment used for the test. The Contractor shall disconnect the grounding electrode conductor from the service equipment ground bus and bonding bushing before testing the grounding electrodes/system. The Con - tractor shall test primary grounding electrodes after each 10-foot grounding electrode and/or section thereof is installed using the fall of potential (three-point measurement) method. After the primary grounding electrode is installed and tested, the Contractor shall connect to the augmented electrode(s) to conduct a system test. The Contractor shall record the readings on a form provided by the VDOT Regional Traffic Engineering Office. The completed form shall be signed and submitted to the Engineer after installation of the electrical service grounding system.
2.Additional grounding electrodes: In addition to the electrical service grounding electrode system, each electrical junction box, metal cabinet, overhead sign structure, butterfly sign structure, lighting structure, ITS support structure, and signal structure shall be connected to its own grounding electrode. The Contractor shall drive grounding electrode directly into the soil within 6 feet from each structure, unless otherwise specified on the plans. Each foundation shall be permanently marked with 1/4 inch deep by 4 inch long arrow with “GE” on the tip to indicate the approximate direction and location of the grounding electrode. The grounding electrode for a junction box shall be centered in the bottom of the junction box with at least 6 inches exposed. Metal structures used as electrical raceways shall be connected to earth/ grounding electrode(s) to limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact with higher-voltage lines.
b.Excavation for Foundations: The Contractor shall excavate for foundations according to Section 401. 796700.05
c.Concrete Foundations: Concrete foundations shall be constructed and cured in accordance with Section 404 and shall rest on material that will adequately support the design load. The Contractor may secure the anchor bolts to prevent their movement during concrete placement with a No. 3 or smaller rebar. Rebar shall be attached to the anchor bolts with rebar twist ties. The Engineer will not permit welding (including tack welding) of rebar to anchor bolts. Exposed areas of concrete foun - dations shall be given a Class 7 finish in accordance with Section 404. Items shall not be erected on concrete foundations until the concrete has attained a 28-day design compressive strength of at least 3,000 pounds per square inch. The Contractor shall provide half inch (1/2”) diameter weep holes in the controller and lighting control cabinet foundations. Weep holes shall be located 2 inches inside of the back or side edges of the controller and lighting control cabinet foundations. The concrete foundation shall be sloped towards the weep holes. Weep holes shall be sloped to allow the outlet to be 3 inches below the top of foundation. Two inches (2”) of the outlet end shall be fiber filled. The Engineer will not permit any mortar, grout, or concrete between the base plate and the top of the foundation of overhead structures, mast arm, lighting, camera, and signal poles. No lock nuts or split washers will be allowed on the anchor bolts. The Contractor shall permanently mark each foundation to indicate all sides through which conduits pass. This mark (1/4 inch deep and 4 inches long) shall be made with a trowel within one hour after pouring concrete or before finishing. The location(s) of empty conduits shall be delineated by 1/4 inch deep and 6 inches long markings. All exposed concrete foundation surface edges and electrical service work pad edges shall be cham - fered 3/4 inch. The Contractor shall ensure that the foundation placement allows for at least 60 inches of clear width of paved surface when placed in a sidewalk as measured at the point of greatest constriction, in order to comply with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations. The top of foundation for lighting pole, controller cabinet, and pedestal pole foundations may be included as part of the clear sidewalk width if the foundation is flush with the sidewalk, unless otherwise restricted on the plans. Foundations for cantilever, butterfly, and other single-pole sign structures shall be spread footings, drilled piers with at least two drilled piers per pole, or concrete foundations with driven piles. Foundations for multiple-pole overhead sign structures shall be spread footings, drilled piers with at least two drilled piers per foundation, or concrete foundations with driven piles. The Contractor shall furnish the foundation designs for signal poles, high-mast lighting poles, over - head sign structures, and camera poles to the Engineer for review. Such designs shall be supervised and sealed by a Professional Engineer licensed to practice engineering in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Design calculations and drawings shall indicate the cubic yard quantity of concrete required to construct the foundations. The foundations shall be designed for the structure it is supporting and for the loads the structure is being designed to support, unless indicated otherwise on the plans. The Contractor shall perform at least one test bore, as approved by the Engineer, at each signal pole, high mast lighting pole, or overhead sign structure foundation location to determine the subsurface conditions of the proposed site before designing the foundation. Test bores shall be performed in accordance with any of the following three referenced methods:
1.ASTM D 420, ASTM D 1452, and ASTM D 1586. 797700.05
2.ASTM D 3441.
3.ASTM D 4719. The depth of all test borings shall be at least 30 feet. Soil conditions shall be tested at the ground level and then at depth intervals of every 3 feet in accordance with any of the three methods stated. When auger refusal or a count of 50 blows per inch occur before the minimum required depth is reached due to the presence of rock, the Contractor shall continuously core the rock to a depth of at least 5 feet and sample the boring in accordance with ASTM 2113. Boring logs shall accurately identify the location of the test borings sites with the corresponding centerline stations and the perpendicular distances from the centerline indicated. On projects with existing roadways where no centerline is being surveyed, GPS coordinates or alternate methods that identify the location of the test boring to an accuracy of within 0.5 feet shall be submitted to the Engineer by the Contrac - tor for the Engineer’ s consideration, acceptance, and records. Boring log data shall be submitted electronically in an approved format, in accordance with the VDOT Materials Division’ s Manual of Instructions and shall be included with the shop drawing submittals for the foundation designs. Test bores in Bristol, Salem, Lynchburg, Staunton, and Culpeper Districts shall be performed within 5 feet of the proposed foundation’ s location as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. Test bores in Richmond, Hampton Roads, Fredericksburg, and Northern Virginia Districts shall be performed within 10 feet of the proposed foundation’ s location as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall place vented varmint screens in accordance with Standard Drawing VS-1 inside the bolt circle of signal mast arm pole, signal strain pole, high mast light pole, overhead sign structure, ITS device support pole, and lighting pole foundations. Vented varmint screens shall not be used for structures on transformer bases, unless the transformer base is raised above the surface of the foundation with leveling nuts. The cubic yard quantity of concrete indicated in the contract per foundation location is an approx - imation. The Department will pay for the actual cubic yards of concrete based upon the foundation design supplied by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.
d.Electrical Service: Electrical service shall be installed according to the NEC and the local power company. The local power company will furnish meter bases and current transformer cabinets. All service conductors shall enter the meter base in accordance with utility company standards. The Contractor shall make arrangements with the local power company for pickup of the equipment. The Department will request and pay for electrical service and temporary electrical service to power items temporarily relocated or adjusted for traffic control as specified in the Contract, or directed by the Engineer. If the Contractor desires temporary service for the Contractor’ s convenience, the Contractor shall arrange and pay for such service. When required on the Standard Drawings, the Plans, or as directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall construct an electrical service work pad in front of all electrical service safety switches, breaker boxes, and pole mounted cabinets, except when an immediately adjacent paved sidewalk can fulfill this purpose. The electrical service work pad shall be at least 20 inches in width, 36 inches in length, and 4 inches in depth, and sloped to facilitate drainage away from the structure. Exposed concrete areas of electrical service work pads shall be given a Class 7 finish in accordance with Section 404 of the Specifications.
e.Poles, Posts, Sign Structures, and ITS Support Structures: The Contractor shall establish the location of each pole, post, sign structure, and ITS support structure with a stake bearing the number 798700.05 or identification designated on the plans. The Engineer, accompanied by the Contractor, will inspect the locations and advise the Contractor of any necessary adjustments. The Contractor shall ensure that all poles, posts, sign structures, and ITS support structures are plumb after the installation of loads. The Contractor shall immediately inform the Engineer if a structure or structure attachment will be located within the danger zone of an electric power line as measured in any direction, as defined by OSHA. The Contractor shall not proceed with the installation until the Engineer has advised the Contractor on how the Department wants to proceed with the work in accordance with Section 104.03. The Contractor shall permanently attach a noncorrosive metal identification tag approximately 30 inches above the top of the foundation to each signal, pedestal, and lighting pole; overhead sign structure; ITS support structure; and steel I-beam sign post (excluding U-channel sign posts and square tube steel). The tag shall be of sufficient size to accommodate at least 1/4 inch high lettering, single-spaced between lines, and shall be securely attached by noncorrosive screws or rivets. The tag shall be imprinted with “VDOT” and VDOT’ s Asset Tag number (if provided); except when the structures are located within an incorporated town or city that will maintain the structure, in which case the tag shall be imprinted with the municipality’ s name and other identifiers unless otherwise noted on the plans or directed by the Engineer. The tag shall also be imprinted with the following data unless otherwise specified:
1.Manufacturer’ s name and unique Manufacturer I.D. number for each structure on all tags.
2.Date of manufacture on all tags.
3.Signal poles: Pole number (from Signal Plans), gauge, diameter, pole type, and length of pole.
4.Signal mast arms/spans: Gauge, diameter, and length of mast arm(s) and monotube(s)/ spans.
5.Pedestal poles: Gauge and length of pole.
6.Lighting poles and ITS support poles: Gauge and length of pole and luminaire arm(s); electrical phase circuit designation.
7.Overhead sign structures: Gauge, diameter, and length of pole(s) and span/cantilever.
8.Steel sign posts (I-beams only): Gauge, length, size, and weight per foot of I-beam.
9.Signal poles and arms, lighting poles, overhead sign structures, ITS support structures: Material yield strengths listed in the following order; anchor bolts (A), base plate (BP), pole (P), mast arms (Arm), cantilever (C), span (S), monotube (T).
10.Anchor bolts: ASTM number, diameter, and length on all tags. All signal poles, light poles not mounted on transformer bases, camera poles, and overhead sign structures shall be provided with handholes that are on the side opposite traffic. Handholes shall be at least 3 by 5 inches, unless otherwise specified in the Standard Drawings, and shall be provided with a weatherproof gasket and cover. Handholes shall be latchable and capable of being opened using a star wrench or other approved latching mechanism. If specified in the Contract, a lockable handhole cover shall be provided, using key requirements provided by the VDOT Regional Operations Maintenance Manager. 799700.05 For structures mounted on transformer bases, the transformer bases shall have hinged access covers on the side opposite traffic, unless specified otherwise in the Standard Drawings. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with at least one tool or key required to open handholes and transformer base access covers for each 40 structures or fraction thereof. Lighting, signal, and overhead metal structures shall have a UL listed double barrel, bottom and top feed with headless setscrew grounding lugs welded to the inside of the pole or structure in front of the hand hole or transformer base door. The heads of the setscrews shall be faced towards the door for ease of accessibility to use a screwdriver for tightening of the conductors. The grounding lug shall be non-corrosive, accommodate #6 to #2 AWG solid or stranded copper conductors, and designed to secure the grounding electrode conductor and equipment grounding conductor by inserting the conductor under a setscrew. Metal structures used as an electrical raceway with no handhole or transformer base shall be grounded externally within 1-foot above the foundation or as shown on the plans, to ensure an effective grounding path.
f.Transformer Bases: Pedestal poles that do not support electrical power service equipment shall be installed atop breakaway transformer bases. Pedestal poles that support electrical power service equipment shall be installed atop non-breakaway transformer bases. Lighting poles, except high- mast lighting poles, shall be installed on the type of transformer base (breakaway or non-breakaway) specified on the Plans.
g.Conductor Cables: Conductor cables, including the equipment grounding conductor (EGC) from the electrical service to the structure(s), shall be installed in accordance with the NEC. The EGC shall be the same size as the largest power conductor (minimum size No. 8 AWG) unless otherwise specified on the plans. For lighting fixtures, the conductor cables and EGC to the grounding lug at the base of the pole or structure shall be minimum size No. 10 AWG single-conductor, or as specified by the manufacturer of the lighting fixtures. Conductor cables in conduit runs shall be installed with an approved UL listed lubricant or pulling compound. The Contractor shall not use cleaning agents and lubricants that may or will have a deleterious effect on cable coverings. The Contractor shall support aerial cables that extend more than 20 feet by a span wire or reinforced with a copper-clad, galvanized, or stainless steel wire for self-support. Cable rings shall be used to attach conductor cables to the supporting wire; but lash wire may be used to attach interconnect cable when no other conductor cables are attached to the same span wire. Vinyl tape shall be used as shown on the plans to prevent sag. The Contractor shall form an 8-inch drip loop when aerial cables enter a service entrance head. Bends in single or multiple conductor cables shall have a bend radius of at least 5 times the outside diameter of the cable. Conductor cables shall be installed with the slack length neatly coiled, and securely tied in junction boxes. The coiled length shall be sufficient to allow cables to extend at least 2 feet above junction boxes. Solderless terminals shall not be used for connecting conductor cables having solid conductors to terminal posts. 800700.05 The Department will only permit splices in lighting conductor cables at accessible locations. Splices in service entrance conductor cable will be permitted only for connection to the utility company’ s service conductor cables. Splices will not be permitted in signal and interconnect conductor cables. The Contractor shall make splices in lighting and service entrance conductor cables according to the NEC and the following additions and exceptions: Conductor insulation shall be removed only to the amount necessary to install the connector. Exposed conductors shall be wire brushed and cleaned before splicing. Splices shall be made with properly sized non-insulated butt-end connector compression sleeves for single conductors, or split bolts for branch circuit connections. All conduc - tor connections shall be mechanically and electrically secure. Crimping tools used on compression sleeves shall be designed for the application and sized to the splicing connectors. Splices shall be covered with an insulation rated equal to or higher than the voltage rating of the conductor cable. The Contractor shall insulate and make water resistant single and branch circuit conductor splices by one of the following methods: • Two layers of rubber electrical tape shall be applied half-lapped with the first layer extending the length of the disturbed insulation and the second layer extending at least 1 inch onto clean undisturbed insulation of each conductor. Rubber electrical tape shall be stretched and wrapped tightly during application to eliminate air gaps. Rubber electrical tape shall be molded around irregular shapes and multiple conductors for smooth insulation buildup and water resistance. Over the rubber electrical tape, at least two layers of vinyl electrical tape shall be applied half-lapped with each layer overlapping the end of the proceeding layer by at least 1 inch onto clean, undisturbed insulation. The splice and at least 1 inch of adjacent clean insulation shall be covered using an acceptable water-resistant sealing compound for electrical splices; or • Heat-shrink tubing tubing properly sized shall be installed extending at least 3 inches onto each end of clean, undisturbed insulation. End seams around two or more adjacent conductors shall be sealed and made water resistant; or • The splice kit shall be properly sized to extend at least 3 inches onto each end of clean, undisturbed insulation. Single conductor splices within a multi-conductor cable shall be insulated and made water resistant by using heat-shrink tubing. Re-jacketing of multi-conductor cables shall be accomplished using properly sized heat-shrink tubing. Heat-shrink tubing shall be heated using a non-contact flameless device or a flamed heat source device equipped with a shield to prevent the flame from coming in direct contact with the tubing. Breakaway connectors shall be installed on all luminaire conductors for lighting poles, signal poles, and overhead sign structures. Breakaway connectors shall be fused for the hot conductors and non-fused for the grounded conductor. Breakaway connectors shall be located in the handhole or transformer base of the pole. Breakaway connectors shall be installed for signal heads on pedestal poles and other breakaway supports. Breakaway connectors shall be fused for the hot conductors and non-fused for the grounded conductors. Breakaway connectors shall be located in the handhole or condulet of the support structure. All conductors connected to breakaway connectors shall be secured at the bottom of the structures to ensure the breakaway connector will separate when the support structure is struck. 801700.05 The Contractor shall seal signal and interconnect cable terminal strips with a moisture block compound or by other Department approved methods to prevent moisture from entering the open cable end. The compound shall be soft, pliable, easily removable, and shall be applied in accordance with the compound manufacturer’ s instructions. The Department will only allow the termination of interconnect cable in a master controller cabinet, local controller cabinet, or terminal enclosure. The cable shield shall be grounded at each termina - tion point. The Contractor shall ensure each wire of the cable is connected to a terminal post position whenever a cable enters the cabinet or enclosure to connect to equipment. The Contractor shall conduct a Megger test on the installed interconnect cable and shield. The Engineer will require a reading of 100M ohms for acceptance. Testing for 300-volt cable shall be performed at 200 volts, and testing for 600-volt cable shall be performed at 500 volts. The Contractor shall disconnect cables from controller cabinet terminals during testing. The Contractor shall mark service entrance and lighting conductor cables in accordance with the NEC. Markings shall be continuous and permanent. Signal and interconnect conductor cables shall be marked according to the applicable IMSA specification. The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that the system is without short circuits, open circuits, and unintentional grounds before energizing an electrical system. The Contractor shall repair or replace faulty circuits at the Contractor’ s expense.
1.Electrical service and lighting conductor color-coding identification: Grounded conductors: Insulated grounded conductors (Neutrals) shall be identified by a continuous white or gray outer finish except that those larger than No. 6 AWG may be identified by three continuous white stripes on other than green insulation along its entire length. Equipment grounding conductors (EGC): Equipment grounding conductors shall be bare, covered, or insulated. Covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes. Ungrounded conductors: Ungrounded conductors, whether used as a single conductor or in multiconductor cables, shall be finished to be clearly distinguishable from grounded, grounding, and equipment grounding conductors. Ungrounded conductors shall be identified by a continuous color-coding outer finish by phase and system except that those larger than No. 6 AWG may be identified only at readily accessible locations by marking tape, tagging, or other Engineer approved means in accordance with NEC requirements. Color-coding shall be as follows: 2-wire circuits, 120 V olts; 3-wire circuits, 120/240 V olts; 3-phase, 4-wire wye circuits, 208/120 V olts and; 3-phase, 4-wire delta circuits, 240 V olts ______________________________________________________________________ Circuit Designation Color Code______________________________________________________________________ Phase A or Line A Black Phase B or Line B Red or orange* Phase C Blue Grounded Conductor (Neutral) White or gray** (see exception above) Equipment Grounding Conductor Bare, green, or green with one/more yellow stripes ______________________________________________________________________ 802700.05 3-phase, 4-wire wye circuits, 480/277 V olts; 3-phase, 3-wire delta circuits, 480 volts _______________________________________________________________________ Circuit Designation Color Code_______________________________________________________________________ Phase A Brown Phase B Orange Phase C Y ellow Grounded Conductor (Neutral) White or gray** (see exception above) Equipment Grounding Conductor Bare, green, or green with one/more yellow stripes _______________________________________________________________________ * For 3-phase, 4-wire delta circuits, Phase B shall be the high leg and shall be orange. ** For outer covering of conductors of different systems that is contained within the same enclosure, refer to Article 200 of the NEC. The Contractor shall use non-ferrous metal tags or nylon tags attached to the conductor to per - manently identify electrical service and lighting conductors in accessible locations (handholes, transformer bases, junction boxes, control centers, etc.). Identifications shall be stamped or engraved on metal tags, and lettered with permanent ink on nylon tags. Identifications shall be clearly legible and shall indicate the electrical phase. Lighting conductors shall also indicate the electrical phase circuit designation. When the conductors are within a multi-conductor ca - ble, the tag shall be attached to the cable jacket and shall indicate the required information for all conductors on one tag. If the conductors of a multi-conductor cable have been exposed for splicing, connections, etc., the various conductors shall be so tagged instead of the cable jacket.
2.Signal and interconnect cable color-coding identification: Signal and interconnect cable jackets shall be permanently identified by integral-impregnated color coding. Color coding for signal cable shall be as follows: _______________________________________________________________________ Cable 14/12 14/7 14/5 14/4 14/3 Color-coding Cable Cable Cable Cable Cable_______________________________________________________________________ Red Red Red Red Red Don’t Walk Orange Y ellow Y ellow Y ellow --- --- Green Green Green Green Green --- Red with black tracer Red --- --- --- --- Orange with black tracer Y ellow --- --- --- --- Green with black tracer Green --- --- --- --- Blue Green Green --- --- --- White with black tracer Y ellow Y ellow --- --- --- Black Red Red Spare Y ellow Walk Black with white tracer Spare --- --- --- --- Blue with black tracer Spare --- --- --- --- White AC AC AC AC AC Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral_______________________________________________________________________ Signal and interconnect cables shall be permanently identified in the controller cabinet, junction boxes, handholes, and other accessible locations. Signal conductor cables shall also be identified in the handhole of poles if the cables are attached to terminal strips in the handhole. Identifications shall be indicated on nonferrous metal tags or nylon tags attached to the cable with nylon cable ties. The Contractor shall stamp or engrave the identification on the metal 803700.05 tags, and write the identification with permanent ink on the nylon tags. Identifications shall be clearly legible and shall conform to the following:
a.Signal cable: phase and location of signal head; e.g., 1 NB left-turn head; 1 NB inside left- turn head; 2 SB through-lane heads; 1 left-turn head and 6 through-lane heads; 2 Ped head NW Quad.
b.Interconnect cable: description and direction from location (if cable is a spare). The word “spare” shall be included after “inter.” The direction from location is required only in the controller cabinet, e.g., Inter. NB; Inter. Spare NB; Inter. WB; Inter.
h.Conduit Systems: Conduit systems shall be rigid except where the Contract specifies otherwise. PVC, fiberglass, and metal conduit runs shall have the minimum number of couplings permitted by the use of standard conduit lengths. Ends of conduit sections that must be field cut shall be reamed smooth. PE conduit shall be installed in continuous un-spliced runs between enclosures. Field-threaded portions of metal conduit shall be galvanized in accordance with Section 233 after threading. Except for expansion couplings, conduit sections connected with couplings shall be cut so that the ends of the conduits will abut squarely inside the couplings. No other conductor will be permitted in the same conduit with electrical service feeder cable. The Contractor shall fuse each nonmetallic conduit joint with a joint sealing solvent recommended by the conduit manufacturer. Where necessary, ends of each length of nonmetallic conduit shall be tapered by machining to provide joints that are tight after assembly. All conduit(s) shall be terminated by means of approved fittings, bell ends, and/or bushings in accordance with conduit manufacturer’ s installation instructions\recommendations before installation of any conductor cable(s). The Contractor shall ensure conduits are continuous and watertight between outlets. The Contractor shall not use deformed conduit. Conduits shall be without kinks or defects that would cause damage to conductor cables when these are pulled through during their installation. Conduits shall be installed so that moisture will drain properly to electrical junction boxes or drainage tees with drip spouts. The Contractor shall test each conduit in the presence of the Engineer for obstructions after installa - tion. A suitable rigid or flexible mandrel having a diameter at least 80 percent of the inside diameter of the conduit shall be pulled through each conduit run. If any obstructions are discovered during the testing, the Contractor shall remove the obstructions and repair the conduit at the Contractor’ s expense. After testing, the Contractor shall equip individual nonmetallic conduit runs more than 150 feet in length that are to remain empty for the present with woven polyester or aramid pull tape and a metallic locator strip having a tensile strength of at least 1,100 pounds and less than 15 percent elongation at yield. Pull rope shall not be used in nonmetallic conduit. The Contractor shall double back twelve inches of pull tape into the conduit at each end. The Contractor shall install either a pull rope or tape having a tensile strength of at least 1,100 pounds in metallic conduit runs more than 150 feet in length that are to remain empty for the present. Twelve inches of pull tape or rope shall be doubled back into the conduit at each end. The Contractor shall install either watertight plugs or caps in the open ends of unused conduit to seal the ends against moisture. Open ends of conduits with installed conductors shall be sealed with 804700.05 an approved soft, pliable, and easily removable waterproof sealant. The sealant shall not have a deleterious effect on cable coverings or the conductors. Empty conduit(s) shall be capped or plugged with material recommended by the conduit manufacturer to prevent moisture build up and rodent entry. All conduit stub-outs installed on or in structures including, but not limited to, junction boxes, foun - dations, and poles shall be extended approximately 6 inches beyond the structure. Metal conduit systems shall be bonded. When a nonmetallic conduit system is used, the Contractor shall furnish and install an equipment grounding conductor to maintain a bonded system in accor - dance with the NEC. The Contractor shall install a No. 8 locator wire in all nonmetallic conduits containing fiber optic cable. The Contractor shall provide the conduit with an expansion fitting wherever conduit crosses a struc - tural expansion joint. The fitting shall permit longitudinal movement of the amount specified on the plans.
1.Exposed conduit systems shall be fabricated of heavy-wall PVC, fiberglass, or metal with not more than four bends between any two outlets. The angular sum of bends shall be not more than 360 degrees. When heavy-wall PVC or fiberglass conduit is accessible to public contact, the Contractor shall cover it with a protective shield conforming to Section 238 extending at least 8 feet above the adjacent finished grade. Splice boxes or pull boxes shall be of a size that will allow the proper termination of conduit and connection of conductor cables in accordance with the NEC. Conduit shall be terminated with approved fittings or bushings.
2.Buried conduit systems shall be installed in straight lines between outlets and be the distance below finish grade specified in the Standard Drawings or on the plans. When obstructions are encountered during installation and the conduit cannot be economically located elsewhere, the obstruction shall be bypassed by offsetting the conduit alignment according to the details shown in the Standard Drawings. Required conduit bends shall be installed with a bend radius of at least 5 feet. Conduit bends in structures and foundations shall be installed in accordance with the NEC. The Engineer will not permit the use of a pipe tee or vice for bending conduit. The Contractor shall install conduit by the use of an approved directional boring method when conduit is to be installed under an existing roadway, entrance, or fixed object and open cutting is not allowed. Conduit for the directional boring method shall be Polyvinylchloride (PVC) or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) designed specifically for directional boring applications. If the Engineer approves, the Contractor may elect to install multiple conduits into a single bore at no additional cost to the Department when the plans show more than one conduit at a location is to be installed by directional boring. 805700.05 MAXIMUM PILOT OR BACK REAMER BIT DIAMETER WHEN ROTATED 360°_______________________________________________________________________ Nominal Inside Pipe Diameter Bit (Reamer) Diameter Inches Inches_______________________________________________________________________ 1 - 2” 4” Bore Hole 2 - 2” 5” Bore Hole 3 - 2” 8” Bore Hole 1 - 3” 5” Bore Hole 2 - 3” 6 ½ “ Bore Hole 3 - 3” 8” Bore Hole 1 - 4” 6 ½ “ Bore Hole_______________________________________________________________________ The Contractor shall use an Engineer approved stabilizing agent mixed with potable water to create the drilling fluid (mud slurry) for lubrication and soil stabilization. The fluid viscosity may vary to best fit the soil conditions encountered. The Contractor shall not use any chemi - cals or polymer surfactants in the drilling fluid without written consent from the Engineer. The Contractor shall certify to the Engineer in writing that any chemical added to the drilling fluid is environmentally safe and not harmful or corrosive to the conduit system. The Contractor may elect to use the jacked method to install a pipe sleeve for installation of the required conduit at no additional cost to the Department. If an obstruction is encountered during the directional boring or jacking operation that requires abandonment of the hole (tunnel), the Contractor shall immediately backfill the hole with flow - able fill for its full length at no additional cost to the Department. Open cut areas shall be backfilled according to Section 302. The Contractor shall install a bushing to protect the conductor cable from abrasion unless the design of the junction box or enclosure is such as to afford equivalent protection of the conduc - tor cable when a conduit enters a junction box, or other enclosure.
i.Junction Boxes shall be installed as follows: The Contractor shall excavate the junction box site to a depth equal to the height of the junction box plus at least 12 inches to allow for the installation of aggregate bedding material. The width of the excavation shall be 6 to 8 inches wider than the junction box to allow proper aggregate backfill. Bedding material shall conform to Section 203 and be No. 68, No. 78, or No. 8 aggregate. Aggregate shall be at least 12 inches in depth and entirely cover the bottom of the excavated area for the junction box. The Contractor shall level and tamp the bedding aggregate to compact it prior to installing the junction box. Junction boxes shall be installed and leveled to grade prior to backfilling. The Contractor shall brace the interior of polymer concrete junction boxes with 2 inch by 4 inch lumber using two braces across the width and one brace across the length of the box or as required by the junction box manufacturer prior to backfilling. Bracing shall be installed in a manner to allow removal by the Contractor once backfilling and compaction have been completed. 806700.05 The cover of the junction box shall be installed prior to backfilling. The junction box shall be backfilled and compacted around its perimeter using 6 to 8 inch horizon - tal lifts to the elevation where the concrete collar is to begin. The remaining area around the collar shall be backfilled and compacted as stated above once the concrete collar has cured. Compaction shall be at least ninety percent of the theoretical maximum density defined in Section 101.02. The Contractor shall use a mechanical tamping device to compact the backfill material and soil, layer by layer, around the perimeter of the junction box. The wheel of a backhoe or other type vehicle shall not be used for compaction of backfill and soil. The area around the junction box shall be graded and restored. Junction boxes shall not be installed or backfilled where there is standing water. Backfill material shall be free of large stones, wood, or other debris and shall not be saturated with water. If a special tool or wrench is required to remove the junction box cover, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with five such tools.
j.Hydraulic Cement Concrete Sidewalk: When removal of sidewalk is specified on the plans to accommodate construction, existing sidewalk shall be removed from existing joint line to existing joint line. The Contractor shall construct replacement sidewalk in accordance with Section 504. When the Contractor requests to remove existing sidewalk for the Contractor’ s convenience, the Contractor shall remove and replace the sidewalk at no cost to the Department.
k.Anchor Bolts: Foundations for traffic control device structures (signal poles, overhead sign, lane control, variable message signs, camera poles, and high-mast lighting structures) shall have a bolt template positioned to correctly orient the structure with respect to the structure’ s location and roadway alignment and to maintain the anchor bolts vertical (plumb) and level during construction. A minimum of three nuts and two hardened washers shall be provided for each anchor bolt. Bolt or anchor nut covers shall not be installed on any traffic control device structures, unless otherwise specified on the plans. Anchor bolts in double-nut connections shall extend a minimum of 1/4 inch past the second top nut. Double-nut connections installation procedures shall be completed on upright members before installing associated elements, and shall conform to the following:
1.If anchor bolts are not plumb (vertical), determine if beveled washers may be required prior to erecting the structure. Beveled washers shall be used on top of the leveling nut or under the first top nut if any face of the base plate has a slope greater than 1:20 and if any nut could not be brought in firm contact with the base plate.
2.Clean and then lubricate the exposed thread of all anchor bolts, nuts, and bearing surfaces of all leveling nuts with beeswax, the bolt manufacturer’ s recommended lubricant, or other lubricant as approved by the Engineer before installing the structure. Re-lubricate the exposed threads of the anchor bolts and the threads of the nuts if more than 24 hours has elapsed since earlier lubrication, or if the anchor bolts and nuts have become wet since they were first lubricated.
3.Verify that the nuts can be turned onto the bolts the full length of the threads by hand. 807700.05
4.Turn the leveling nuts onto the anchor bolts and align the nuts to the required elevation shown on the shop drawings. The maximum distance between the bottom of the leveling nut and the top of the foundation shall be 1 inch.
5.Place structural hardened washers on top of the leveling nuts (one washer corresponding to each anchor bolt).
6.The post or end frame shall be plumbed or aligned as shown on the shop drawings. The maximum space between the bottom of the base plate and the top of the foundation shall be the diameter of the anchor bolt plus 1 inch. Place structural hardened washers on top of the base plate (one washer corresponding to each anchor bolt), and turn the first top nuts onto the anchor bolts.
7.Tighten first top nuts to a “snug-tight” condition in a star pattern. Snug-tight is defined as the maximum nut rotation resulting from the full effort of one person using a 12-inch long wrench or equivalent. A star tightening pattern is one in which the nuts on opposite or near-opposite sides of the bolt circle are successively tightened in a pattern resembling a star.
8.Tighten bottom leveling nuts to a snug-tight condition in a star pattern.
9.At this point, verify again if beveled washers are necessary using the step 1 criteria. If beveled washers are required, remove the structure if necessary, add the beveled washers, and retighten first top nuts and bottom leveling nuts (in a star pattern) to a snug-tight condition.
10.Mark the reference position of each first top nut in a snug-tight condition with a suitable method on one flat surface of the nut with a corresponding reference mark on the base plate at each bolt before final tightening of the first top nuts. Then rotate the first top nuts incrementally to one half the required nut rotation specified in Table VII-1 using a star pattern. Rotate the first top nuts again, using a star pattern, to the full required nut rotation specified in Table VII-1. For example, if total rotation from snug tight is 1/6 turn (60º), rotate 30º in each cycle. Neither lock nuts nor split washers shall be used with anchor bolts.
11.The Contractor shall inspect tightened anchor bolt connections by the use of a calibrated torque wrench in the presence of the Engineer. The torque wrench shall be used to verify that a torque at least equal to the verification torque provided in Table VII-2 has been achieved. The maximum nut rotation in step 10 shall not be exceeded. A minimum of every other bolt shall be inspected.
12.Install second top nut on each bolt to the snug tight condition. After all prior steps are completed and all elements of the structure are fully erected, the Contractor shall perform an ultrasonic test on all anchor bolts in accordance with ASTM E114 - Ultrasonic Pulse Echo Straight Beam Testing by the Contact Method. Ultrasonic testing personnel shall be qualified in accordance with ASNT SNT -TC-1A Level II and certified by the VDOT Materials Division. Equipment shall be qualified in accordance with AWS D1.5 Section 6, Part C. Anchor bolts shall have no indications that are above 10% Full Screen Height at the prescribed scanning level. All indications shall be noted on the test report and submitted to the Engineer and the State Materials Engineer. A copy of the report, for both structures with and without indications, shall be submitted to the District Bridge Office and the Engineer. 808700.05
700.06 Measurement and Payment
Concrete foundations will be measured units of each or cubic yards and will be paid for at the Contract each or cubic yard price of concrete as applicable for the standard, type and size designated. When paid for in cubic yards of concrete, no payment will be made for concrete in excess of the cubic yards of concrete required by the approved foundation design unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer, in which case the additional concrete will be paid for in cubic yards for the invoice material cost only. This price shall include providing foundation design and shop drawings; concrete, reinforcing steel, anchor bolts, washers, nuts, bolt circle templates, lubricant, torque, ultrasonic test on anchor bolts, grounding electrodes (including grounding electrode clamps, grounding electrode conductors, and installation), conduits, testing grounding conductor-to-electrode continuity, excavating, backfilling, compacting, vented varmint screens, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. V erification Torque ASTM F 1554 - Grade 36 ASTM F 1554 - Grade 55 (M314) (M314) Anchor Bolt Tension/Torque Tension/Torque Diameter, (in.) kips/ft-lbs kips/ft-lbs 1 18 / 180 27 / 270 1 1/4 28 / 350 44 / 550 1 1/2 41 / 615 63 / 945 1 3/4 55 / 962 86 / 1,505 2 73 / 1,460 113 / 2,260 2 1/4 94 / 2,115 146 / 3,285 2 1/2 116 / 2,900 180 / 4,500 2 3/4 143 / 3,932 222 / 6,105 3 173 / 5,190 269 / 8,070 3 1/4 206 / 6,695 320 / 10,400 3 1/2 242 / 8,470 375 / 13,125 3 3/4 280 / 10,500 435 / 16,312 4 321 / 12,840 499 / 19,960TABLE VII-2 Torque V erification Nut Rotation beyond Snug-Tight ASTM F 1554 ASTM F 1554 Anchor Bolt Diameter, (in.) Grade 36 (M314) Grade 55 (M314) ≤1½ 1/6 turn (60º) 1/3 turn (120º) >1½ 1/12 turn (30º) 1/6 turn (60º) Nut rotation is relative to anchor bolt. Anchor bolt nut tensioning shall not exceed plus 20º. Unified Thread Standard (UNC) tensioning is applicable.TABLE VII-1 Nut Rotation 809700.06 V A sign structure foundations will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the size specified. No payment will be made for concrete in excess of the cubic yards of concrete required by the foundation design unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. When excess concrete is approved by the Engineer, the additional concrete will be paid for in cubic yards for the invoice material cost only. This price shall include concrete, reinforcing steel, excavating, backfilling, compacting, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. VIA sign structure foundations will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the size specified. No payment will be made for concrete in excess of the cubic yards of concrete required by the foundation design unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. When excess concrete is approved by the Engineer, the additional concrete will be paid for in cubic yards for the invoice material cost only. This price shall include concrete, reinforcing steel, excavating, backfilling, compacting, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. Square tube post foundations will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the type specified. This price shall include anchor sleeve, post sleeve, slip base assembly, soil stabilizing plate, drive tube foundation, concrete, hardware, excavating, backfilling, compacting, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. Electrical service will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the standard and type specified. This price shall include service poles, safety switches or breaker boxes, service entrance conductor cables from the utility company’ s service box, conductors to the safety switch and circuit breaker box, conduits and fittings on poles and steel supports, conduit straps or clamps, meter base, service entrance heads, thimble-eye bolts, steel supports, wire-way, junction boxes for grounding electrodes and utility service, excavation, pickup and installation of meter base and current transformer cabinet, concrete for foundation, coordination with the local electric utility company, and anchor bolts, washers, nuts when required. Electrical service grounding electrodes will be measured in units of each per 10-foot electrode or portion thereof, and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. This price shall include grounding electrodes, exothermic welds, electrode couplers, grounding electrode clamps, grounding electrode conductors, conduit, testing, and test report documentation. Electrical service work pads will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. This price shall include concrete, excavating, disposing of unsuitable material and restoring the disturbed area. Luminaire arms will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the length specified. This price shall include providing design and shop drawings, luminaire arm, pole mounting brackets, rubber grommets, field drilling, galvanization repair if required, fittings, and mounting hardware. Lighting poles will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the standard and luminaire mounting height or type specified. This price shall include providing design and shop drawings; pole shafts, grounding lugs, handholes, locks (when required), caps, identification tags, base plates, vibration dampeners (when required), transformer bases, field drilling, and galvanization. Steel strain poles will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the length specified. This price shall include providing design and shop drawings, pole shafts, J-hooks, grounding lugs, handholes, locks (when required), caps, fittings, identification tags, field drilling, and galvanization. 810700.06 Mast arm signal poles will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the standard and type specified. This price shall include providing design and shop drawings, pole shafts, J-hooks, grounding lugs, handholes, locks (when required), caps, fittings, base plates, identification tags, field drilling, and galvanization. Mast arms will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the length and loading case (when required) specified. This price shall include providing design and shop drawings, mast arms including mast arms caps, galvanization, fittings, nuts, bolts, washers, field drilling of wire outlet holes and rubber gaskets or grommets, field adjustment of arm lengths, and identification tags. Overhead sign structures will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the location specified. This price shall include furnishing design and shop drawings, structural units and supports, field drilling and adjustment, galvanization, base plates, handholes, locks (when required), caps, grounding lugs, electrical systems including conduit, sign luminaires, luminaire supports, fittings, conductor cable, and identification tags. Sign posts will be measured in linear feet and will be paid for at the Contract linear foot price for the type and size specified. This price shall include clamps, hinge assemblies, and identification tags when required. V A sign posts will be measured in linear feet for the size specified and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the size specified. This price shall include posts, clamps, identification tags, foundation stub post, and breakaway base assemblies. VIA sign posts will be measured in linear feet for the size specified and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the size specified. This price shall include posts, clamps, identification tags, foundation stub post, breakaway base assemblies, hinge plate assemblies and fuse plate assemblies. Pedestal poles will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the standard and length specified. This price shall include caps, transformer bases, access covers, galvanization, grounding lugs, and identification tags. Wood poles will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the class and length specified. This price shall include furnishing and installing wood poles, thimble-eye bolts, guy wires with guards and anchors, excavating, backfilling, compacting, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. Conductor cables and Equipment Grounding Conductor (EGC) will be measured in linear feet and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the size and number specified. This price shall include conductors, breakaway connections, markings and identifications, splice kits, electrical tape, testing, and connections. Conduit will be measured in linear feet and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the type and size specified. This price shall include conduit bodies, fittings, bonding system, pull ropes, pull tapes, plastic spacers, No. 8 locator wire when required, pull or splice boxes with an area of 512 cubic inches or less, supports, and protective metal shields. Trench excavation will be measured in linear feet and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the standard indicated. This price shall include metallic locator tape when required, performing trenching, encasing, backfilling, compacting, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. 811700.06 Junction boxes will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for the standard specified. This price shall include concrete collars, frames and covers, tools to remove the cover, grounding electrode (including grounding electrode clamps and grounding electrode conductors), grounding lugs, knockouts, cable racks, bracing, aggregate, excavating, backfilling, compacting, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. Test bores will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. This price shall include the performing the test bore, rock sampling, determination of the soil and rock condition, providing test boring logs, and restoring disturbed areas. Bored conduit will be measured in linear feet and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the size specified. This price shall include conduit by boring; fittings; couplings; and, when required, No. 8 locator wire, pull rope or tape, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, and restoring disturbed areas. Remove Existing (Type) Sign Structure will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the type of structure specified. This price shall include removing and disposing of the existing sign structure and all supported sign panels, conduits, cables, lights, luminaires, and lumi - naire retrieval system attached to the structure; disengaging existing electrical service; and capping and sealing conductors. This price shall also include excavating, demolishing, and removing foundational el - ements to at least two feet below ground line; capping and sealing conduit with hydraulic cement mortar or grout, and epoxy resin; disposing of waste materials; backfilling with suitable materials; compacting; and restoring (grading, topsoiling and seeding). For bridge mounted overhead sign structures, this price shall also include cutting existing anchor bolts, capping and sealing, hydraulic cement mortar or grout, and epoxy resin. Remove Existing (Type) Sign Panel will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the sign panel type specified. This price shall include removing and disposing of the existing sign panel, framing and bracing, luminaires, conductor cables, and attachment hardware. Relocate Existing (Type) Sign Panel will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the Contract each price for the sign panel type specified. This price shall include removing sign panel, furnishing new mounting hardware and brackets, and installing onto new structure. Payment will be made under: ——————————————————————————————————Pay Item Pay Unit——————————————————————————————————Concrete foundation (Standard, type, and size) Each or Cubic yards V A sign structure foundation (Size) Each VIA sign structure foundation (Size) Each Square tube post foundation (Type) Each Electrical service (Standard and type) Each Electrical service grounding electrode (10-foot) Each Electrical Service work pad Each Luminaire arm (Length) Each Lighting pole (Standard, luminaire mounting height or type) Each Signal mast arm pole (Standard and type) Each Steel strain pole (Standard and length) Each Mast arm (Length) (loading case) Each Overhead sign structure (Location) Each Sign post (Type and size) Linear foot 812700.06 ——————————————————————————————————Pay Item Pay Unit—————————————————————————————————— V A sign post (Size) Linear foot VIA sign post (Size) Linear foot Pedestal pole (Standard and length) Each Wood pole (Class and length) Each Conductor cable (Size/number) Linear foot Conduit (Type and size) Linear foot Trench excavation (Standard) Linear foot Junction box (Standard) Each Test bore Each Bored conduit (size) Linear foot Remove existing (type) sign structure Each Remove existing (type) sign panel Each Relocate existing (type) sign panel Each—————————————————————————————————— SECTION 701—TRAFFIC SIGNS
701.01 Description
This work shall consist of fabricating, refurbishing, furnishing, and erecting signs as specified on the plans or elsewhere in the contract.
701.02 Materials
a.Reflective sheeting shall conform to Section 247 and shall be selected from the Department’ s Approved List 46. The color for the legend and background shall be in accordance with the MUTCD and as specified in the Plans.
1.Overhead Permanent Signs (signs attached to sign structures which overhang travel lanes) that are not illuminated with sign lighting shall use ASTM D4956 Type XI reflective sheeting. Overhead permanent signs that are illuminated with sign lighting shall use ASTM D4956 Type IX sheeting.
2.Non-Overhead Permanent Signs (including ground-mount signs, signs attached to traffic signal supports, and signs attached to sign structures that do not overhang travel lanes) shall use ASTM D4956 reflective sheeting shown in Table VII-1A.
b.Sign panel rivets for overhead signs attached to cantilever, butterfly, or truss sign structures shall be powder coated to match the color of the portion of the sign sheeting from which the rivets will protrude. The rivets shall be fabricated in accordance with Standard Drawing SPD 1.
c.Sign panel substrates for permanent flat sheet signs shall be in accordance with the below table, and shall be smooth, flat, and free of metal burrs and splinters. Sign width1 Allowable substrate 47 inches and less 0.080 or 0.100 inch aluminum 48 inches and more 0.100 inch aluminum Overlay panel 0.063 inch aluminum 1 For diamond-shaped signs, width is measured along the sign’ s edge.
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 817–839 of 1,065.