146TABLE II-2 Soundness Max . Soundness Loss (%) Magnesium Sulphate Freeze and Thaw Use (5 Cycles) (100 Cycles) Hydraulic cement concrete 18 8 Asphalt concrete surfaces and surface treatments 25 15 Asphalt concrete bases 30 15 SECTION 203—COARSE AGGREGATE
203.01 Description
These specifications cover material used as coarse aggregate in the production of hydraulic cement concrete, asphalt concrete, asphalt surface treatments, and in drainage.
203.02 Materials
Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed or uncrushed gravel with clean, hard, tough, and durable pieces free from adherent coatings and deleterious amounts of friable, thin, elongated, or laminated pieces; soluble salts; or organic materials.
a.Crushed hydraulic cement concrete will be permitted for use as a coarse aggregate provided it conforms to the physical requirements specified herein and shows no adverse chemical reaction. Crushed hydraulic cement concrete will not be permitted in the following: (1) reinforced cement concrete, (2) in combination with other materials in contact with geotextile fabric when such fabric is used as a drainage item, and (3) in backfill or bedding for perforated pipe.
b.Crushed gravel shall consist of particles of which at least 80 percent by weight shall have at least one face fractured by artificial crushing. Tests to verify conformance shall be performed in accor - dance with VTM-15.
c.Blast furnace slag shall be relatively free from foreign minerals and glassy or spongy pieces. It shall weigh at least 70 pounds per cubic foot, dry rodded, for size No. 68 and smaller and at least 65 pounds per cubic foot, dry rodded, for larger sizes. Tests to verify conformance shall be performed in accordance with AASHTO T19. When used in asphalt surface treatments, blast furnace slag shall contain not more than 10 percent nonporous material and shall have an absorption of at least 3 percent. Tests to verify conformance will be performed in accordance with AASHTO T85.
d.Crushed glass shall consist of particles of curbside-collected or waste glass. It shall be free from sources of glass that include automotive glass, lead crystal, TV monitors, lighting fixtures and electronics applications. Non-glassy material associated with curbside collection (paper, capping materials, etc.), excluding fragments of broken ceramics and pottery, shall be limited to 5 percent by weight using a gravimetric determination, and including loss on ignition performed in accordance with ASTM D2974. One hundred percent (100%) of the crushed glass shall pass the 9.5 mm (3/8 inch) sieve with less than 5 percent passing the No. 200 sieve. Crushed glass shall not be used in hydraulic cement concrete, asphalt, base/subbase, or exposed shoulder applications.202.03 147203.03Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Openings) (% by Weight)Va. Size 4 in. 3½ in. 3 in. 2½ in. 2 in. 1½ in. 1 in. 3/4 in . 1/2 in . 3/8 in . No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 50 No. 100 No. 1 Min. 100 90-100 25-60 Max. 15 Max. 5 2 Min. 100 90-100 35-70 Max. 15 Max. 5 3 Min. 100 90-100 35-70 0-15 Max. 5 357 Min. 100 95-100 35-70 10-30 Max. 5 5 Min. 100 90-100 20-55 Max. 10 Max. 5 56 Min. 100 90-100 40-85 10-40 Max. 15 Max. 5 57 Min. 100 95-100 25-60 Max. 10 Max. 5 67 Min. 100 90-100 20-55 Max. 10 Max. 5 68 Min. 100 90-100 30-65 5-25 Max. 10 Max. 5 7 Min. 100 90-100 40-70 Max. 15 Max. 5 78 Min. 100 90-100 40-75 5-25 Max. 10 Max. 5 8 Min. 100 85-100 10-30 Max. 10 Max. 5 8P Min. 100 75-100 5-30 Max. 5 9 Min. 100 85-100 10-40 Max. 10 Max. 5 10 Min. 100 85-100 10-30TABLE II-3 Sizes of Open-Graded Coarse Aggregates 148203.03 TABLE II-4 Soundness Max . Soundness Loss (%) Magnesium Sulphate Freeze and Thaw Use (5 Cycles) (100 Cycles) Hydraulic cement concrete 12 5 Asphalt surfaces courses 15 6 Asphalt and aggregate bases 20 7 Select material (Type I) and subbase 30 12203.03—Detail Requirements
a.Grading: Open-graded aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Table II-3. Tests to verify conformance shall be performed in accordance with AASHTO T27.
b.Soundness: Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Table II-4. Tests to verify conformance shall be performed in accordance with AASHTO T103 or T104. The requirement for soundness test for crushed glass is waived due to its preclusion from the applications shown in Table II-4.
c.Abrasion Loss: Abrasion loss shall conform to the requirements of Table II-5. Tests to verify conformance shall be performed in accordance with AASHTO T96 on aggregate with a grading the most nearly identical with the grading to be used in the work.
d.Deleterious Material : The amount of deleterious material shall be not more than the following: Material % by Weight AASHTO Test Method ————————————————————————————————————— Coal and lignite 0.25 T113 Clay lumps 0.25 T112 Material passing No. 200 sieve by washing1 1.00 T11 1When the material passing the No. 200 sieve by washing is dust of fracture, the percentage of deleterious material may be increased to 1.50 percent. —————————————————————————————————————
e.Flat and Elongated Particles: Coarse aggregate to be used as a temporary riding surface during construction activities or as the final riding surface after construction shall contain not more than 30 percent by mass of aggregate particles retained on and above the 3/8-inch sieve having a maximum to minimum dimensional ratio greater than 5 as determined in accordance with ASTM D4791.TABLE II-5 Abrasion Max . Los Angeles Abrasion Loss (%) Use 100 Rev . 500 Rev . Grade A stone 9 40 Grade B stone 12 45 Grade C stone 14 50 Slag 12 45 Gravel 12 45 149SECTION 204—STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP , POROUS BACKFILL, AND GABIONS
204.01 Description
These specifications cover aggregate materials used in the construction of masonry items and stone gabions, to protect ground slopes from erosion or wave action and to facilitate drainage, generally behind a backwall or abutment.
204.02 Detail Requirements
a.Stone for rubble or mortar rubble masonry shall be sound, durable, and free from seams, cracks, and other structural defects and shall be minimum Grade C free from rounded, worn, or weathered surfaces.
b.Stone for riprap and bedding shall be sound, durable, and free from seams, cracks, and other structural defects. Riprap stone and bedding exposed to the wave action of water shall be of igneous or metamorphic origin. Riprap bedding shall be crushed stone, minimum Grade B.
c.Porous backfill shall be aggregate size No. 78 or No. 8, a minimum Grade B. Crushed glass meeting the gradation requirements specified in Section 203.02(d) may be directly substituted for size No. 78 and 8 aggregates.
d.Gabion stone shall be durable and free from seams and cracks. Weathered stone shall not be used. Stone shall weigh between 4 and 30 pounds except that approximately 5 percent of the individual stones may weigh less than 4 or more than 30 pounds. At least 50 percent of the stone shall weigh more than 10 pounds. SECTION 205—CRUSHER RUN AGGREGATE
205.01 Description
These specifications cover crushed aggregate used for backfilling and bedding pipe and box culverts, maintaining traffic, and repairing and constructing all-weather private access pavements.
205.02 Materials
Crusher run aggregate shall be crushed from stone, slag, or gravel and shall contain all of the sizes pro - duced when the original aggregate is reduced through a series of crushers to the maximum size specified. It shall be essentially free from deleterious substances in accordance with Section 203.
a.Crushed hydraulic cement concrete will be permitted for use as crusher run aggregate provided it conforms to the physical requirements of Section 203 and shows no adverse chemical reaction. It shall not be used in a subsurface drainage application in combination with perforated pipe or as a base material where geotextile fabric is to be used.205.02
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 174–176 of 1,065.