801COARSE AGGREGATE

670

for the size designated to be used. The aggregate shall be of such nature that when once thoroughly dried and coated with the bituminous material proposed for construction, the coating will not strip off upon contact with water.

801.11Use, Care, and Handling: Gradation Table and Explanation

Care and handling shall be as provided by Article 106.05.

Attention is directed to the requirements of Article 106.05 and the following:  The Contractor shall prepare the storage area as needed; any stockpiled material that cannot be removed without including dirt or other foreign matter shall be rejected.  Stockpiling shall be as provided by ALDOT-175.  Different sizes of aggregate and aggregate from different sources shall be stored in separate stockpiles sufficiently separated from each other so that the material will not become intermixed. Any material which segregates so that the grading no longer conforms to that specified shall be rejected for use.

 At the time of their use, the aggregates shall be free from all foreign materials.  When more than one size of aggregate is required, the various sizes shall be combined in proper proportions at the mixer or plant.  Aggregates stored in proportioning bins shall be protected from rain by waterproof coverings.

TABLE OF ALDOT COARSE AGGREGATE SIZES * PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT {MASS}, EACH LABORATORY SIEVE (U.S.A. STANDARD SERIES) Size > 4 inch {100 mm} 3.5 inch {90 mm} 3 inch {75 mm} 2.5 inch {63 mm} 2 inch {50 mm} 1.5 inch {37.5 mm} 1 inch {25.0 mm} 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} 1/2 inch {12.5 mm} 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} # 4 {4.75 mm} # 8 {2.36 mm} # 16 {1.18 mm} # 50 {300 m} # 100 {150 m} # 200 {75 m} Number Ú 1 100 90-100 25-60 0-15 0-5 2 100 90-100 35-70 0-15 0-5 24 100 90-100 25-60 0-10 0-5 3 100 90-100 35-70 0-15 0-5 357 100 95-100 35-70 10-30 0-5 4 100 90-100 20-55 0-15 0-5 467 100 95-100 35-70 10-30 0-5 410 100 85-100 60-85 30-60 18-30 11-20 8-15 5-9 2-6 5 100 90-100 20-55 0-10 0-5 56 100 90-100 40-85 10-40 0-15 0-5 57 100 95-100 25-60 0-10 0-5 6 100 90-100 20-55 0-15 0-5 67 100 90-100 20-55 0-10 0-5 68 100 90-100 30-65 5-25 0-10 0-5 610 100 90-100 25-60 7-30 0-15 7 100 90-100 40-70 0-15 0-5 78 100 90-100 40-75 5-25 0-10 0-5 710 100 90-100 50-85 12-35 0-15 8 100 85-100 10-30 0-10 0-5 89 100 90-100 20-55 5-30 0-10 0-5 810 100 70-90 50-74 38-62 20-42 9-24 8910 100 90-100 60-85 40-70 10-25 1-5 9 100 85-100 10-40 0-10 0-5 10 100 85-100 10-30 * Explanation of Table

sieve.

cubic meter} shall be 65 pounds {1040 kg} for Sizes 1, 3, and 4, and 70 pounds {1120 kg} for other sizes. See Article 801.12 for weight {mass} of lightweight aggregate. COARSE AGGREGATE 671

The following coarse aggregate (gravel only) gradation may be substituted for use in concrete headwalls, inlets, miscellaneous concrete units, slope paving, machine laid curbs, gutters, or combination curbs and gutters: Sieve Size (Square Openings) Percent Passing By Weight {Mass} 1.5 inches {37.5 mm} 100 1 inch {25.0 mm} 80 – 100 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} 70 – 100 1/2 inch {12.5 mm} 25 - 80 # 4 {4.75 mm} 0 - 15 # 8 {2.36 mm} 0 - 10

801.12Lightweight Aggregates for Bituminous Work

Lightweight Aggregates of expanded clays or shales produced by the Rotary Kiln Method shall meet the requirements noted herein in this Section except the maximum dry rodded weight {mass} shall be 55 pounds per cubic foot {880 kg/m³} and the L.A. Abrasion Test (AASHTO T 96) shall be modified to compensate for lightweight aggregate by the use of the following method. Modification to AASHTO T 96 for Lightweight Aggregate: To avoid the excessive volume of material in the testing machine which will occur when the lightweight aggregate sample is prepared according to AASHTO T 96, it is necessary to reduce the weight {mass} proportionately to obtain an equal volume of lightweight aggregate comparable to that normally obtained with a conventional aggregate sample. The abrasive charge must also be reduced in a similar manner. Determine the unit weight {mass} (U L) of the lightweight aggregate by AASHTO T 19. Assume an average unit weight {mass} of conventional aggregate to be 97.0 pounds per cubic foot {1554 kg/m³}. Reduce the lightweight aggregate sample.

UL = X { UL = X } 97.0 C 1554 C

X = (C) (UL) { X = (C) (UL) } 97.0 1554 Where: U L = Unit weight {mass} of lightweight aggregate sample (pounds per cubic foot {kilograms per cubic meter}) C = Weight {Mass} of Conventional aggregate required for grading in AASHTO T 96. X = Reduced lightweight aggregate sample charge.

 Reduce the abrasive charge:

UL = X1 { UL = X1 } 97.0 CL 1554 CL

X1 = (CL) (UL) { X 1 = (CL) (UL) } 97.0 1554 Where: U L = Unit weight {mass} of lightweight aggregate (pounds per cubic foot {kilograms per cubic meter}) C L = Weight {Mass} of abrasive charge required for grading in AASHTO T 96. X 1 = Reduced abrasive charge for lightweight aggregate.  Remainder of procedure as set forth in AASHTO T 96.   NOTE: It is sometimes impossible to obtain the exact abrasive charge with the steel balls available. In this case, obtain the closest abrasive charge possible to the reduced value and then adjust the weight {mass} of the sample in proportion to the new abrasive charge. FINE AGGREGATES 672

FINE AGGREGATES

802.01Description

Fine aggregate shall consist of natural or manufactured sand having hard, clean, durable, uncoated particles and conforming to the requirements provided in this Section.

The Department has established a list of qualified producers of fine aggregates. Refer to Subarticle

106.01(f) and ALDOT-355 concerning this list

All fine aggregates furnished shall come from an approved producer who is participating in and meeting the requirements of ALDOT-249, "Quality Control Program for Acceptance of Fine and Coarse Aggregates". The producer's name shall be listed in the Department's "Materials, Sources and Devices With Special Acceptance Requirements" manual, List I-1.

802.02Concrete Sand

Concrete sand shall consist of natural sand, blends of natural sand, blends of natural and manufactured sand, or manufactured sand. The use of manufactured sand shall be limited to the conditions noted in Article 802.06. Blended sand shall be mixed and tested for gradation after blending has been completed. The sand shall be washed and have strong, hard, clean, durable particles meeting the physical requirements noted below and the gradation requirements of ALDOT Size No. 100. There will be no fineness modulus or mortar strength requirements for concrete sand used in bituminous pavements.

requirements:  Materials passing the # 200 {75 µm} sieve removed by decantation shall be subject to approval or rejection based on the following:  If any sample has more than 2.5% material passing the # 200 {75 µm} sieve by decantation, the stockpile will be rejected.  An average will be made of the samples tested by decantation through the # 200 {75 µm} sieve. If the average is greater than 2.0%, the stockpile will be rejected. If the average is 2.0% or less, the stockpile will be accepted.  If smaller quantities of the fine aggregate are being tested where only one sample would be required, this sample will be required to comply with a 2.0% maximum removed by decantation, not to exceed the following percentages:

Shale 1.0 % Coal and/or Lignite 0.5 % Clay Lumps 0.5 % Cinders and Clinkers 0.5 % Other local deleterious substances (such as alkali, mica, coated grains, soft and flaky particles) 1.0 % Total shale, coal, and/or lignite, clay lumps, cinders and clinkers, and other local deleterious substances 3.0 % Maximum  Materials passing the Concrete sand to be used in concrete headwalls, inlets, miscellaneous concrete units, slope paving, machine laid curbs, gutters, or combination curbs and gutters shall comply with the above except that not more than 3.0 percent shall pass the # 200 {75 µm} sieve by decantation.  The percentage of clay lumps shall be determined by examining the various fractions which remain after the test for grading. An indication of clay lumps shall require testing in accordance with AASHTO T 112 to determine the amount of clay lumps.  The diameter of deleterious substances shall not exceed the maximum size of aggregate. FINE AGGREGATES 673

All fine aggregate shall be free from injurious amounts of organic impurities. Aggregates subjected to the colorimetric test for organic impurities and producing a color darker than the standard shall be rejected unless they pass the mortar strength or concrete strength tests as outlined in Subarticles

(e) and (f)

When subjected to five cycles of the soundness test of fine aggregate by the use of sodium sulphate the measured percentage of loss shall not be more than 10 percent by weight {mass} when tested by AASHTO T 104. In lieu of the soundness test, satisfactory evidence may be provided that the fine aggregate has been exposed to natural weathering, either directly or in concrete for a period of at least five years without appreciable disintegration.

When tested in accordance with AASHTO T 71, fine aggregate shall have compressive strength not less than 95% of treated sand as prescribed in AASHTO T 71 at 3 days and 14 days with the use of Type III Portland cement or at 7 days and 28 days with Type I or Type II Portland cement.

Fine aggregate failing to meet the requirements herein provided for mortar strength may be used if (1) when tested in combination with the cement and coarse aggregate to be used in the work, the crushing or tensile strength of the concrete at the end of 7 days (3 days with Type III cement used) and 28 days is at least equal to the strength obtained from specimens made with sand meeting the requirements for the class of concrete in which the material is to be used, or (2) when the past performance record of the aggregate with the particular cement has been satisfactory.

The gradation of ALDOT Size No. 100 fine aggregate from any one source shall be reasonably uniform. For the purpose of determining the degree of uniformity, a fineness modulus determination shall be made upon representative samples from the source in accordance with the provisions of AASHTO M 6 for fineness modulus (F.M.) determination. The following schedule will apply to ALDOT Size No. 100 fine aggregate for various kinds of concrete. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Bridge Superstructure Concrete, and Prestressed Concrete:  F.M. 2.30 Min. 3.00 Max.  Establish Working F.M. (W.F.M.)  Tolerance from W.F.M. is plus or minus 0.20 Structure Concrete (Other Than Bridge Superstructure Concrete):  F.M. 2.30 Min. 3.00 Max. Working F.M. is not required, however, if the F.M. exceeds 2.80 the Contractor will be required to increase the designated cement volume by 0.25 bags per cubic yard {0.25 bags per cubic meter} without additional cost to the State. If requested in writing by the Contractor, consideration will be given to using fly ash in the mix to increase the fines. The fly ash will be substituted for cement as directed by the Materials and Tests Engineer. There will be no F.M. requirements on concrete sand used in concrete headwalls, inlets, miscellaneous concrete units, slope paving, machine laid curbs, gutters, or combination curbs and gutters.

802.03Mortar Sand

Sand for mortar, ALDOT Size No. 101, shall consist of washed, hard, strong, durable, uncoated mineral or rock particles, reasonably free from injurious amounts of organic or other deleterious substances and meeting applicable requirements of Article 802.02.

802.04Bituminous Pavement Fine Aggregate

Fine aggregate for use in bituminous paving mixtures is defined as aggregate passing the 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} sieve and with a minimum 80 percent passing the No. 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. The aggregate may be natural fine aggregate or manufactured fine aggregate. The fine aggregate shall be non-plastic when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 89, as modified by ALDOT-232, and AASHTO T 90 and shall have a maximum of 1.0 percent clay lumps and friable particles as determined by AASHTO T 112. It shall consist of hard tough grain, free of injurious amounts of clay, loam, or other deleterious substances. FINE AGGREGATES 674

Manufactured fine aggregate shall be the product produced from the crushing of aggregates meeting the requirements of Section 801 and shall have 100 percent passing the 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} sieve with 95 percent of the material retained on the No. 8 {2.36 mm} sieve having at least one freshly fractured face. Natural fine aggregate is defined as any fine aggregate that is not manufactured fine aggregate. Natural fine aggregate shall be reasonably clean, non-plastic, and uniformly graded sand which shall pass the 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} sieve and not have more than 10 percent passing the No. 200 {75 µm} sieve when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 11 and T 27. Mineral filler meeting the requirements of Section 805, agricultural limestone, or carbonate stone screenings may be used when additional fines are needed.

802.05Blank

802.06Manufactured Sand for Portland Cement Concrete

Manufactured sand shall meet all of the requirements for ALDOT #100 concrete sand, Article 802.02, except the requirement of Subitem 802.02(b)1a may be increased to five percent if the material is "Dust of Fracture." Manufactured sand may be produced from crushing gravel, granite, sandstone, or quartzite which may be used either as a blend with natural sand or as one hundred percent of the total fine aggregate. Gravel used to produce manufactured sand for use in concrete pavement or bridge superstructure concrete (except prestress concrete) shall have a bulk specific gravity greater than 2.550 (AASHTO T 85). Manufactured sand produced from crushing limestone shall not be used in bridge decks or concrete pavement. However, manufactured limestone sand may be used in prestressed or precast concrete, or cast in place concrete, which will not be exposed to vehicular traffic, if approved by the Engineer.

802.07Fine Aggregate for White Concrete

Fine aggregate for white concrete shall be a natural white, washed sand and/or an artificial sand made from white quartz, crushed white limestone, white marble, or white granite and shall contain no discoloring material, clay loam, or other foreign matter. It shall be secured from sources previously tested and approved by the Department for whiteness and light reflecting qualities or by visual comparison shall be, in the opinion of the Engineer, at least as white as the approved standard sample on file in the Engineer's office. Other requirements for this fine aggregate shall conform to Article 802.02, with the gradation requirements in accordance with ALDOT Size No. 106.

802.08Blank

802.09Gradation

Fine aggregate shall be well graded between the limits specified and the size or sizes designated shall conform to the limits shown in the Fine Aggregate Gradation Table. TABLE OF ALDOT FINE AGGREGATE SIZES Aggregate Size Number DESCRIPTION PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT {MASS}, SIEVE SIZE 1 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} No. 4 {4.75 mm} No. 8 {2.36 mm} No. 16 {1.18 mm} No. 50 {300 m} No. 100 {150m} No. 200 {75m} 100 Concrete Sand 100 95-100 80-100 50-90 5-30 0-10 101 Mortar Sand 100 15-40 0-10 104 Plant Mix Sand 100 80-100 105 Manufactured Sand 100 95-100 50-80 20-50 10-25 5-12 106 White Concrete Fine Aggregate 100 95-100 75-100 50-90 10-35 5-15 0-5 NOTES:

3.00 maximum.