800.08 Field Performance Test.
d.Liquid Limit. This test shall be performed in accordance with AASHTO T 89 as modified by ALDOT- 232.
800.08 Field Performance Test.
In addition to specifications and tests specified, it may be necessary to have certain materials undergo field performanc e testing for a prescribed period. The materials involved and the specified field performance testing will be determined by the Department's Product Evaluation Board (PEB). The PEB will determine which type of material will require this field performance t esting and the duration thereof. In general, this will include materials such as Pavement Markers, Concrete Joint Fillers and Sealants, Concrete Patching Materials, Epoxies, Reflective Material for Object Safety Markings, Membranes for Waterproofing Joints , and certain pavement marking materials. COARSE AGGREGATE
801.01 Description.
a.General . Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed or uncrushed gravel, crushed stone, or crushed slag, having hard, strong, durable pieces, free from adherent coatings and conforming to the requirements provided in this Section. Gravel aggregate for use in bituminous plant mixes and bridge superstructure concrete (except prestressed concrete) shall have a bulk specific gravity greater than 2.550 (AASHTO T 85).
b.Acceptance . The Department has established a list of qualified producers of coarse aggregates. Refer to Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT -355 concerning this list. All coarse aggregates furnished shall come from an approved producer who is participating in and meeting the requirements of ALDOT -249, "Quality Control Program for Acceptance of Fine and Coarse Aggregates". The producer's name shall be listed in the Department's "Materials, Sources and Devices With Specia l Acceptance Requirements" manual, List I -1.
801.02 Deleterious Substances.
Material suspected of containing deleterious substances will be examined in the laboratory and will be rejected if the amount is considered objectionable. Coarse aggregate for Port land cement concrete and cover aggregate for bituminous treatment shall be washed and shall be free from adherent coatings. Coating on crushed stone shall be dust of fracture as determined by washing the material passing the No. 200 {75 µm} sieve in accordance with AASHTO T 11 or visual inspection using a petrographic microscope. Adherent coating will be checked by washing in a large container without scrubbing or applying water pressure. The aggregate will then be checked for adherent coating by visual ins pection. Aggregate that has an adherent coating will not be acceptable. The amount of deleterious substances shall not exceed the limits shown in the following table.
801.03 Crushed Stone, Gravel, and Crushed Gravel.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE D ELETERIOUS MATERIALS IN COARSE AGGREGATE TYPE OF DELETERIOUS MATERIAL Bituminous Surface Treatments and Concrete Classes A, B and D*** All Other Uses Coal and Lignite (Visual) 0.25 % 0.25 % Clay Lumps (AASHTO T 112) 0.25 % 0.25 % Material Passing the No. 200 {75 µm} Sieve (AASHTO T 11) 1.0 % 2.0 % Flat or Elongated particles (5:1 Ratio) (ASTM D 4791 by Weight {Mass}) 10.0 % 10.0 % Flat or Elongated particles (3:1 Ratio) (ASTM D 4791 by Weight {Mass}) 20.0 % 20.0 % Other local deleterious substances (Shale, Mica, Marcasite, etc.) (Visual) 2.0 % 2.0 % Reactive Silica (via ASTM C 25) (* restrictions apply to the use of limestone in Portland Cement Concrete) 8.0 % 8.0 % Absorption ** ** * See NOTE 1 following this table. ** See NOTE 2 following this table. *** See NOTE 3 following this table. NOTE 1: One of the three following options shall be used for the design of concrete mixes with limestone aggregates that contain more than 8.0% silica. The submittal of a concrete mix design using limestone aggregate w ith more than 8% silica will not be approved if it does not include one of the following three options. Option 1: Class F fly ash shall be substituted for cement at a fixed rate of 20% replacement by weight. Option 2: Ground Granulate Blast Furnace Slag (G GBFS) shall be substituted for cement at a fixed rate of 50 % replacement by weight. GGBFS increases the time of setting of concrete, therefore this option shall be used only for concrete placed at ambient temperatures of 45 ºF {7 ºC} or above. Option 3: Class C fly ash and microsilica shall be substituted for cement at a fixed rate of 35 % replacement by weight. The distribution of the replacement shall be 30 % Class C fly ash and 5 % microsilica by weight. NOTE 2: The restriction of the amount of absorpt ion applies to gravel aggregates only for the following applications. Gravel for use in bituminous plant mixes and bridge superstructure concrete (except prestressed concrete) shall have a total sample absorption not greater than 2.0 percent on the materia l passing the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve and retained on the No. 4 {4.75 mm} sieve as per modified AASHTO T 85. Section 8.1 of AASHTO T 85 shall be modified to require a 15 minute vacuum saturation period as per Section 6.3 of AASHTO T 209 prior to the requi red 15 -19 hour soaking period. NOTE 3: The maximum allowable deleterious materials in coarse aggregate used in Class A concrete applies only to concrete used for bridge substructures, box culverts, retaining walls, and concrete safety barriers.
801.03 Crus hed Stone, Gravel, and Crushed Gravel.
a.General . Crushed stone shall be from approved ledges or working strata within an approved source and shall consist of clean, tough, durable fragments, reasonably free of shale, conforming to requirements for the type use noted in Subarticle 801.03(b) and the gradation specified. Gravel shall consist of a clean, tough, durable, natural rounded or semi -rounded siliceous rock, free from coatings of any character, and conforming to the gradation specified. Crushed grav el shall consist of crushed fragments of gravel, conforming to the requirements of Subarticles (a) and (b) of this Article. Gravel for use in bituminous plant mixes and bridge superstructure concrete (except prestressed concrete) shall have a bulk specific gravity greater than 2.550 (AASHTO T 85).
801.04 Blank.
Unless otherwise specified, at least 80 percent by weight {mass} of the blended aggregate retained on the No. 4 {4.75 mm} sieve shall have at least two fully fractured faces measured in accordance with ASTM D 5821.
b.Physical Tests . Crushed stone, gravel, and crushed gravel shall meet the following requirements for the respective physical tests: Cement Concrete Bituminous Work All Other Uses
1.Percent Wear Los Angeles Test (AASHTO T 96) 50 Max. 48 Max. * 60 Max.
2.Percent Sound, Soundness Test (AASHTO T 104 using Sodium Sulphate and 5 Cycles) 90 Min. 90 Min. 90 Min. * Except for Sandstone and Blast Furnace Slag, 55 Max.
801.04 Blank.
801.05 Crushed Slag.
a.General . Slag is defined as a stone -like siliceous material with porous faces produced as a by -product of various manufacturing processes. Crushed slag produced from processing slag obtained from sources approved by the Materials and Tests Engineer shall consist of clean, tough, durable pieces, reasonably uniform in density and quality without thin or elongated pieces, free from deleterious substances, and conforming to the specified gradation. Crushed slag furnished for use in Bituminous Wearing Surface layers shall, in ad dition to the above, be restricted in its glassy particles content, when tested in accordance with ALDOT -321 to the following: Type Wearing Surface Glassy Particle Content Surface Treatments 10% Maximum Open Graded P.M. 10% Maximum Dense Graded P.M. 25% Maximum
b.Physical Tests . Physical tests for crushed slag shall be the same as provided by Subarticle 801.03(b) for the type of construction specified, i.e., soil type, or bituminous.
801.06 Coarse Aggregate for White Concrete.
This coarse aggregate shall be white or very light colored gravel, limestone, marble, or granite, subject to the approval of the Engineer for color and otherwise conforming to the specifications of this section fo r coarse aggregate. The size number will be shown on the plans and/or proposal.
801.07 Coarse Aggregate for Mastic (For Water Proofing Concrete Surfaces).
Coarse aggregate for mastic shall be a well crushed stone, slag, or washed gravel that will pass a 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} sieve and be retained on a No. 8 {2.36 mm} sieve. It shall be free from soft particles and organic matter.
801.08 Gradation.
Coarse aggregate shall be graded between the limits specified and the size or sizes designated shall conform to the limits shown in the following Coarse Aggregate Gradation Table provided in Subarticle 801.11(d).
801.09 Aggregates for Base.
Aggregates for base layers shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed slag, or crushed stone as specified for the type of base designated; however, sand and gravel from local roadside pits will only be required to comply with the applicable portion of Section 826.
801.10 Aggregates for Bituminous Work.
Aggregate for bituminous work shall be one or a combination of the aggreg ates specified for the type of bituminous work involved. It shall be uniformly graded so as to meet the gradation requirements for the size designated to be used. The aggregate shall be of such nature that, when once thoroughly
801.11 Use, Care, and Handling: Gradation Table and Explanation.
dried and coated with the bi tuminous material proposed for construction, the coating will not strip off upon contact with water.
801.11 Use, Care, and Handling: Gradation Table and Explanation.
a.Care and Handling . Care and handling shall be as provided by Article 106.05.
b.Storage. Attention is directed to the requirements of Article 106.05 and the following:
1.The Contractor shall prepare the storage area as needed; any stockpiled material that cannot be removed without including dirt or other foreign matter shall be rejected .
2.Stockpiling shall be as provided by ALDOT- 175.
3.Different sizes of aggregate and aggregate from different sources shall be stored in separate stockpiles sufficiently separated from each other so that the material will not become intermixed. Any mate rial which segregates so that the grading no longer conforms to that specified shall be rejected for use.
c.Use.
1.At the time of their use, the aggregates shall be free from all foreign materials.
2.When more than one size of aggregate is required, t he various sizes shall be combined in proper proportions at the mixer or plant.
3.Aggregates stored in proportioning bins shall be protected from rain by waterproof coverings.
d.Coarse Aggregate Gradation Table . TABLE OF ALDOT COARSE AGGREGATE SIZES * PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT {MASS}, EACH LABORATORY SIEVE (U.S.A. STANDARD SERIES) Size > 4 inch {100 mm} 3.5 inch {90 mm} 3 inch {75 mm} 2.5 inch {63 mm} 2 inch {50 mm} 1.5 inch {37.5 mm} 1 inch {25.0 mm} 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} 1/2 inch {12.5 mm} 3/8 inch {9.5 mm} # 4 {4.75 mm} # 8 {2.36 mm} # 16 {1.18 mm} # 50 {300 µm} # 100 {150 µm} # 200 {75 µm} Number ∨ 1 100 90-100 25-60 0-15 0-5 2 100 90-100 35-70 0-15 0-5 24 100 90-100 25-60 0-10 0-5 3 100 90-100 35-70 0-15 0-5 357 100 95-100 35-70 10-30 0-5 4 100 90-100 20-55 0-15 0-5 467 100 95-100 35-70 10-30 0-5 410 100 85-100 60-85 30-60 18-30 11-20 8-15 5-9 2-6 5 100 90-100 20-55 0-10 0-5 56 100 90-100 40-85 10-40 0-15 0-5 57 100 95-100 25-60 0-10 0-5 6 100 90-100 20-55 0-15 0-5 67 100 90-100 20-55 0-10 0-5 68 100 90-100 30-65 5-25 0-10 0-5 610 100 90-100 25-60 7-30 0-15 7 100 90-100 40-70 0-15 0-5 78 100 90-100 40-75 5-25 0-10 0-5 710 100 90-100 50-85 12-35 0-15 8 100 85-100 10-30 0-10 0-5 89 100 90-100 20-55 5-30 0-10 0-5 810 100 70-90 50-74 38-62 20-42 9-24 8910 100 90-100 60-85 40-70 10-25 1-5 9 100 85-100 10-40 0-10 0-5 10 100 85-100 10-30 * Explanation of Table
1.Tabulated figures are percentages by weight {mass} of material finer than each laboratory sieve.
2.Exclusive of lightweight aggregates, the minimum dry rodded weight per cubic foot {mass per cubic meter} shall be 65 pounds {1040 kg} for Sizes 1, 3, an d 4, and 70 pounds {1120 kg} for other sizes. See Article 801.12 for weight {mass} of lightweight aggregate. The following coarse aggregate (gravel only) gradation may be substituted for use in concrete headwalls, inlets, miscellaneous concrete units, slope paving, machine laid curbs, gutters, or combination curbs and gutters :
801.12 Lightweight Aggregates for Bituminous Work.
Sieve Size (Square Openings) Percent Passing By Weight {Mass} 1.5 inches {37.5 mm} 100 1 inch {25.0 mm} 80 – 100 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} 70 – 100 1/2 inch {12.5 mm} 25 - 80 # 4 {4.75 mm} 0 - 15 # 8 {2.36 mm} 0 - 10
801.12 Lightweight Aggregates for Bituminous Work.
Lightweight Aggregates of expanded clays or shales produced by the Rotary Kiln Method shall meet the requirements noted herein in this Section except the maximum dry rodded weight {mass} shall be 55 pounds per cubic foot {880 kg/m³} and the L.A. Abrasion Test (AASHTO T 96) shall be modified to compensate for lightweight aggregate by the use of the following method. Modification to AASHTO T 96 for Lightweigh t Aggregate: To avoid the excessive volume of material in the testing machine which will occur when the lightweight aggregate sample is prepared according to AASHTO T 96, it is necessary to reduce the weight {mass} proportionately to obtain an equal volume of lightweight aggregate comparable to that normally obtained with a conventional aggregate sample. The abrasive charge must also be reduced in a similar manner.
1.Determine the unit weight {mass} (U L) of the lightweight aggregate by AASHTO T 19.
2.Assume an average unit weight {mass} of conventional aggregate to be 97.0 pounds per cubic foot {1554 kg/m³}.
3.Reduce the lightweight aggregate sample. UL = X { UL = X } 97.0 C 1554 C X = (C) (U L) { X = (C) (U L) } 97.0 1554 Where: UL = Unit weight {mass} of lightweight aggregate sample (pounds per cubic foot {kilograms per cubic meter}) C = Weight {Mass} of Conventional aggregate required for grading in AASHTO T 96. X = Reduced lightweight agg regate sample charge.
4.Reduce the abrasive charge: UL = X1 { UL = X1 } 97.0 CL 1554 CL X1 X = (CL) (U L) { X1 = (CL) (U L) } 97.0 1554 Where: UL = Unit weight {mass} of lightweight aggregate (pounds per cubic foot {kilograms per cubic meter}) CL = Weight {Mass} of abrasive charge required for grading in AASHTO T 96. X1 = Reduced abrasive charge for lightweight aggregate.
5.Remainder of procedure as set forth in AASHTO T 96.
802.02 Concr ete Sand.
NOTE: It is sometimes impossible to obtain the exact abrasive charge with the steel balls available. In this case, obtain the closest abrasive charge possible to the reduced value and then adjust the weight {mass} of the sample in proportion to the new abrasive charge. SECTION 802 FINE AGGREGATES
802.01 Description.
a.General . Fine aggregate shall consist of natural or manufactured sand having hard, clean, durable, uncoated particles and conforming to t he requirements provided in this Section.
b.Acceptance . The Department has established a list of qualified producers of fine aggregates. Refer to Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT -355 concerning this list. All fine aggregates furnished shall come from an ap proved producer who is participating in and meeting the requirements of ALDOT -249, "Quality Control Program for Acceptance of Fine and Coarse Aggregates". The producer's name shall be listed in the Department's "Materials, Sources and Devices With Special Acceptance Requirements" manual, List I -1.
802.02 Concrete Sand.
a.Description . Concrete sand shall consist of natural sand, blends of natural sand, blends of natural and manufactured sand, or manufactured sand. The use of manufactured sand shall be limi ted to the conditions noted in Article 802.06. Blended sand shall be mixed and tested for gradation after blending has been completed. The sand shall be washed and have strong, hard, clean, durable particles meeting the physical requirements noted below an d the gradation requirements of ALDOT Size No. 100. There will be no fineness modulus or mortar strength requirements for concrete sand used in bituminous pavements.
b.Deleterious Substances .
1.The maximum weight {mass} of deleterious substances shall n ot exceed the following requirements: Materials passing the # 200 {75 µm} sieve removed by decantation shall be subject to approval or rejection based on the following:
a.If any sample has more than 2.5% material passing the # 200 {75 µm} sieve by decantation, the stockpile will be rejected.
b.An average will be made of the samples tested by decantation through the # 200 {75 µm} sieve. If the average is greater than 2.0%, the stockpile will be rejected. If the average is 2.0% or less, the stockpile will b e accepted.
c.If smaller quantities of the fine aggregate are being tested where only one sample would be required, this sample will be required to comply with a 2.0% maximum removed by decantation, not to exceed the following percentages: Shale 1.0 % Coal and/or Lignite 0.5 % Clay Lumps 0.5 % Cinders and Clinkers 0.5 % Other local deleterious substances (such as alkali, mica, coated grains, soft and flaky particles) 1.0 % Total shale, coal, and/or lignite, clay lumps, cinders and clinkers, and other local deleterious substances 3.0 % Maximum Concrete sand to be used in c oncrete headwalls, inlets, miscellaneous concrete units, slope paving, machine laid curbs, gutters, or combination curbs and gutters shall comply with the above except that not more than 3.0 percent shall pass the # 200 {75 µm} sieve by decantation.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 711–715 of 934.