901COARSE AGGREGATE

Materials AGGREGATES COARSE AGGREGATE

901-1General

901-1.1Composition: Coarse aggregate shall consist of naturally occurring materials

such as gravel, or resulting from the crushing of parent rock, to include natural rock, slags, expanded clays and shales (lightweight aggregates) and other approved inert materials with similar characteristics, having hard, strong, durable particles, conforming to the specific requirements of this Section. Materials substantially retained on the No. 4 sieve, shall be classified as coarse aggregate. Approval of mineral aggregate sources sha ll be in accordance with 6-2.3.

901-1.2Deleterious Substances: All coarse aggregates shall be reasonably free of clay

lumps, soft and friable particles, salt, alkali, organic matter, adherent coatings, and other substances not defined which may possess u ndesirable characteristics. The weight of deleterious substances shall not exceed the following percentages: Coal and lignite (AASHTO T 113) ................................ .1.00 Soft and friable particles (AASHTO T 112)* ................. 2.00 Clay lumps (AASHTO T 112)* ................................ ......2.00 Plant root matter (visual inspection in AASHTO T 27)****................................ ..................... 0.005 Wood and wo od matter (visual inspection in AASHTO T 27)****................................ ..................... 0.005 Cinders and clinkers ................................ ........................ 0.50 Free shell ** ................................ ................................ .....1.00 Total Material passing the No. 200 sieve (FM 1-T011) At Source with Los Angeles Ab rasion less than or equal to 30 ................................ ................................ ................ 2.50 At Source with Los Angeles Abrasion greater than 30................................ ................................ ..................... 1.75 At Redistribution Terminal for Aggregates Certified for Concrete Products Only ................................ ............2.50 At Point of Use ................................ ................................ 3.75 Fine-Grained Organic Matter (AASHTO 194) ...............0.03 Chert (less than 2.40 specific gravity SSD) (AASHTO T 113)*** ................................ ..................... 3.00 * The maximum percent by weight of soft and friable particles and clay lumps together shall not exceed 3.00. 977 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents ** Aggregates to be used in asphalt concrete may contain up to 5% free shell. Free shell is defined as that portion of the coarse aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve consisting of loose, whole, or broken shell, or the external skeletal remains of other marine life, having a ratio of the maximum length of the particle to the shell wall thickness exceeding five to one. Coral, molds, or casts of other shells, and crushed clam and oyster shell indigenous to the formation will not be considered as free shell. *** This limitation applies only to coarse aggregates in which chert appears as a n impurity. It is not applicable to aggregates which are predominantly chert. **** Plant root matter, and wood and wood matter shall be considered deleterious when any piece exceeds two inches in length or 1/2 inch in width. The weights of deleterious substances for reclaimed Portland cement concrete aggregate shall not exceed the following percentages : Bituminous Concrete ................................ ...................... 1.00 Bricks ................................ ................................ ..............1.00 Wood and other organic substances (by weight) ***** ....0.1 Reinforcing Steel and Welded Wire Reinforcement ........0.1 Plaster and gypsum board ................................ ................. 0.1 Joint Fillers ................................ ................................ ........0.1 ***** Supersedes requirement for other coarse aggregate

901-1.3Physical Properties: Coarse aggregates shall meet the following physical

property requiremen ts, except as noted herein: Los Angeles Abrasion (FM 1-T096)...... maximum loss 45% ................................ .............................. maximum loss 12%* Flat or elongated pieces ** ............................ maximum 10% * For source approval - aggregates exceeding soundness loss limitations will be rejected unless performance history shows that the material will not be detrimental for portland cement concrete or other intended usages. ** A flat or elongated particle is defined as one having a ratio between the maximum and the minimum dimensions of a circumscribing prism exceeding five to one.

901-1.4Gradation: Coarse aggregates shall conform to the gradation requirements of

Table 901-1, when the stone size is specified. However, Table 901-1 is waived for those aggregates intended for usage in bituminous mixtures, provided the material is graded on sieves specified in production requirements contained in 6 -2.3, and meets uniformity and bituminous design requirements.

978 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 901-1 Standard Sizes of Coarse Aggregate Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Openings), weight percent Size No. Nominal Size Square Openings 4 inches 3-1/2 inches 3 inches 2-1/2 inches 2 inches 1-1/2 inches 1 inch 1 3-1/2 to 1-1/2 inches 100 90 to 100 - 25 to 60 - 0 to 15 - 2 2-1/2 inches to 1-1/2 inches - - 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 - 24 2-1/2 inches to 3/4 inch - - 100 90 to 100 - 25 to 60 - 3 2 inches to 1 inch - - - 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 357 2 inches to No. 4 - - - 100 95 to 100 - 35 to 70 4 1-1/2 inches to 3/4 inch - - - - 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 467 1-1/2 inches to No. 4 - - - - 100 95 to 100 - 5 1 inch to 1/2 inch - - - - - 100 90 to 100 56 1 inch to 3/8 inch - - - - - 100 90 to 100 57 1 inch to No. 4 - - - - - 100 95 to 100 6 3/4 inch to 3/8 inch - - - - - - 100 67 3/4 inch to No. 4 - - - - - - 100 68 3/4 inch to No. 8 - - - - - - - 7 1/2 inch to No. 4 - - - - - - - 78 1/2 inch to No. 8 - - - - - - - 8 3/8 inch to No. 8 - - - - - - - 89 3/8 inch to No. 16 - - - - - - - 9 No. 4 to No. 16 - - - - - - - 10 No. 4 to 0 - - - - - - -

979 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 901-1 (Continued) Standard Sizes of Coarse Aggregate Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Openings), weight percent Size No. Nominal Size Square Openings 3/4 inch 1/2 inch 3/8 inch No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 50 1 3-1/2 inches to 1-1/2 inches 0 to 5 2 2-1/2 inches to 1-1/2 inches 0 to 5 24 2-1/2 inches to 3/4 inch 0 to 10 0 to 5 3 2 inches to 1 inch - 0 to 5 357 2 inches to No. 4 - 10 to 30 - 0 to 5 4 1-1/2 inches to 3/4 inch 0 to 15 - 0 to 5 467 1-1/2 inches to No. 4 35 to 70 - 10 to 30 0 to 5 5 1 inch to 1/2 inch 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 56 1 inch to 3/8 inch 40 to 85 10 to 40 0 to 15 0 to 5 57 1 inch to No. 4 - 25 to 60 - 0 to 10 0 to 5 6 3/4 inch to 3/8 inch 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 0 to 5 67 3/4 inch to No. 4 90 to 100 - 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 68 3/4 inch to No. 8 90 to 100 - 30 to 65 5 to 25 0 to 10 0 to 5 7 1/2 inch to No. 4 100 90 to 100 40 to 70 0 to 15 0 to 5 78 1/2 inch to No. 8 100 90 to 100 40 to 75 5 to 25 0 to 10 0 to 5 8 3/8 inch to No. 8 - 100 85 to 100 10 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5 89 3/8 inch to No. 16 - 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5 9 No. 4 to No. 16 - - 100 85 to 100 10 to 40 0 to 10 0 to 5 10 No. 4 to 0 - - 100 85 to 100 - - -

The gradations in Table 901-1 represent the extreme limits for the various sizes indicated which will be used in determining the suitability for use of coarse aggregate from all sources of supply. For any grade from any one source, the gradation shall be held reasonably uniform and not subject to the extreme percentages of gradation specified above. 980 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents

901-2Natural Stones

Coarse aggregate may be processed from gravels, granites, limestones, dolomite, sandstones, or other naturally occurring hard, sound, durable materials meeting the requirements of this Section.

901-2.1Gravels: Gravel shall be composed of naturally occurring quartz, free from

deleterious coatings of any kind. The minimum dry -rodded wei ght AASHTO T 19 shall be 95 pounds per cubic foot . Crushed gravel shall consist of a minimum of 85%, by weight, of the material retained on the No. 4 sieve, having at least three fractured faces.

901-2.2Granites: Coarse aggregate produced from the crus hing of granites shall be

sound and durable. For granites to be used in bituminous mixtures and surface treatments, the Los Angeles Abrasion requirement of 901 -1.3 is modified to permit a maximum loss up to 50 (FM 1-T096). Maximum amount of mica schist per mitted is 5% (FM 5-584).

901-2.3Limestones, Dolomite and Sandstone: Coarse aggregates may be produced

from limestone, dolomite, sandstones, and other naturally occurring hard, durable materials meeting the requirements of this Section. When used as a fri ction course, crushed limestone shall have a minimum acid insoluble content of 12% (FM 5-510). Other materials must meet the approval requirements for friction course determined by Rule 14-103.005(1), Florida Administrative Code (FAC). Pre-Cenozoic limes tones and dolomite shall not be used as coarse crushed stone aggregates for asphalt concrete friction courses, or any other asphalt concrete mixture or surface treatment serving as the final wearing course. This specifically includes materials from the Ketone Dolomite (Cambrian) Newala Limestone (Mississippian) geologic formations in Northern Alabama and Georgia.

901-2.4Cemented Coquina Rock: For cemented coquina rock to be used in bituminous

mixtures, the Los Angeles Abrasion requirement of 901 -1.3 is modified to permit a maximum loss up to 50 (FM 1-T 096) provided that the amount of material finer than No. 200 generated during the Los Angeles Abrasion test is less than 18%.

901-3Manufactured Stones

901-3.1Slags: Coarse aggregate may be produced from molten nonmetallic by -products

consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases, such as air - cooled blast -furnace slag or phosphate slag, provided it is reasonably uniform in density and quality, and reasonably free from deleterious substances as specified in 901 -1.2. In addition , it must meet the following specific requirements: Sulphur content ................................ .................. not more than 1.5% Dry rodded weight AASHTO T 19 ...................... minimum 70 lb/ft3 Glassy Particles ................................ ................... not more than 10% Slag shall not be used as an aggregate for Portland cement concrete. For air-cooled blast furnace slag, the Los Angeles Abrasion requirement of 901 - 1.3 is modified to permit a maximum loss up to 50 (FM 1-T096) provided that the amount of material finer than No. 200 sieve generated during the Los Angeles Abrasion test is less than 18%.

901-4Lightweight Aggregates

901-4.1Lightweight Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous Construction: Lightweight

coarse aggregate may be produced from naturally occurring materials such as pumice, scoria and 981 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents tuff or from expanded clay, shale or slate fired in a rotary kiln. It shall be reasonably uniform in quality and density, and free of deleterious substances as specified in 901 -1.2, except that the term cinders and clinkers shall apply to those particles clearly foreign to the extended aggregate in question. In addition, it must meet the following specific requirements:

Material passing the No. 200 Sieve

................................. maximum 3.00%, (FM 1-T011)

Dry loose weight (AASHTO T 19)* ....... 33-55 lb/ft

Los Angeles Abrasion (FM 1-T096). maximum 35%

Ferric Oxide (ASTM C641) .......... maximum 1.5 mg

* Source shall maintain dry-loose unit weight within plus or minus 6% of

Quality Control average. Point of use dry-loose unit weight shall be within plus or minus 10% of

Source Quality Control average.

901-4.2Lightweight Coarse Aggregate for Structural Concrete: The requirements of

are modified as follows:

Aggregates shall not be produced from pumice and scoria.

Los Angeles Abrasion (FM 1-T096, Section 12) shall be 45%, maximum.

Gradation shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 195 for 3/4 inch, 1/2 inch

and 3/8 inch.

901-5Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)

RCA shall be crushed and processed to provide a clean, hard, durable aggregate having a

uniform gradation free from adherent coatings.

RCA can be used as coarse aggregate in pipe backfill under wet conditions, underdrain

aggregate, or concrete meeting the requirements of Section 347. RCA can only be used in

bituminous mixtures if the RCA originated from a concrete mix which was produced and placed

in accordance with Section 346. RCA shall be asbestos free.

The Contractor’s (Producer’s) crushing operation shall produce an aggregate meeting the

applicable gradation requirements. The physical property requirements of 901-1.3 for soundness

shall not apply and the maximum loss as determined by the Los Angeles Abrasion (FM 1-T096)

is changed to 50.

The sources of reclaimed portland cement concrete will be treated as a mine and subject

to the requirements of Section 6 and Section 105.

901-6Exceptions, Additions and Restrictions

Pertinent specification modifications, based on material usage, will be found in other

Sections of the specifications. 982FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents FINE AGGREGATE

902-1General

902-1.1Composition: Fine aggregate shall consist of natural silica sand, screenings,

local materials, or subject to approval, other inert materials with similar characteristics, or combination thereof, having hard, strong, durable particles, conforming to the specific requirements of this Section. Approval of construction aggregate sources shall be in accordance with 6 -2.3.

902-1.2Deleterious Substances: All fine aggregate shall be reasonably free of lumps of

clay, soft or flaky particles, salt, alkali, organic matter, lo am or other extraneous substances. The weight of deleterious substances shall not exceed the following percentages: Shale ................................ ................................ .................. 1.0 Coal and lignite ................................ ................................ .1.0 Cinders and clinkers ................................ .......................... 0.5 Clay Lumps ................................ ................................ .......1.0

902-2Silica Sand

902-2.1Composition: Silica sand shall be compose d only of naturally occurring hard,

strong, durable, uncoated grains of quartz, reasonably graded from coarse to fine, meeting the following requirements, in percent total weight.

Table 902-1 Sieve Opening Size Percent Retained Percent Passing No. 4 0 to 5% 95 to 100 % No. 8 0 to 15% 85 to 100 % No. 16 3 to 35% 65 to 97% No. 30 30 to 75% 25 to 70% No. 50 65 to 95% 5 to 35% No. 100 93 to 100 % 0 to 7% No. 200 minimum 96 % maximum 4 %

Silica sand from any one source, having a variation in Fineness Modulus greater than 0.20 either way from the Fineness Modulus of target gradations established by the producer, may be rejected.

902-2.2Organic Impurities: Silica sand shall be subject to the colorimetric test for

organic impurities. If the col or produced is darker than the standard solution, the aggregate shall be rejected unless it can be shown by appropriate tests that the impurities causing the color are not of a type that would be detrimental to portland cement concrete. Such tests shall be in accordance with AASHTO T 21 and AASHTO T 71. When tested for the effect of organic impurities on strength of mortar, the strength ratio at seven and 28 days, calculated in accordance with Section 11 of AASHTO T 71, shall not be less than 95%. 983 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents