902-1 General.
902-1.1 Composition: Fine aggregate shall consist of natural silica sand, screenings,
local materials, or subject to approval, other inert materials with similar characteristics, or combination thereof, having hard, strong, durable particles, conforming to the specific requirements of this Section. Approval of construction aggregate sources shall be in accordance with 6 -2.3.
902-1.2 Deleterious Substances: All fine aggregate shall be reasonably free of lumps of
clay, soft or flaky particles, salt, alkali, organic matter, lo am or other extraneous substances. The weight of deleterious substances shall not exceed the following percentages: Shale ................................ ................................ .................. 1.0 Coal and lignite ................................ ................................ .1.0 Cinders and clinkers ................................ .......................... 0.5 Clay Lumps ................................ ................................ .......1.0
902-2 Silica Sand.
902-2.1 Composition: Silica sand shall be compose d only of naturally occurring hard,
strong, durable, uncoated grains of quartz, reasonably graded from coarse to fine, meeting the following requirements, in percent total weight. Table 902-1 Sieve Opening Size Percent Retained Percent Passing No. 4 0 to 5% 95 to 100 % No. 8 0 to 15% 85 to 100 % No. 16 3 to 35% 65 to 97% No. 30 30 to 75% 25 to 70% No. 50 65 to 95% 5 to 35% No. 100 93 to 100 % 0 to 7% No. 200 minimum 96 % maximum 4 % Silica sand from any one source, having a variation in Fineness Modulus greater than 0.20 either way from the Fineness Modulus of target gradations established by the producer, may be rejected.
902-2.2 Organic Impurities: Silica sand shall be subject to the colorimetric test for
organic impurities. If the col or produced is darker than the standard solution, the aggregate shall be rejected unless it can be shown by appropriate tests that the impurities causing the color are not of a type that would be detrimental to portland cement concrete. Such tests shall be in accordance with AASHTO T 21 and AASHTO T 71. When tested for the effect of organic impurities on strength of mortar, the strength ratio at seven and 28 days, calculated in accordance with Section 11 of AASHTO T 71, shall not be less than 95%. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
902-3 Sands for Miscellaneous Uses.
902-3.1 Anchor Bolts and Pipe Joints: Sand for setting anchor bolts, pipe joints or other
similar uses shall meet the quality requirements of 902 -2, except that gradation requirements are waived.
902-3.2 Brick Masonry: Sand for brick masonry shall meet the quality requirements of
902-2, except for gradation requirements. All the materials shall pass the No. 8 sieve, and be well graded from coarse to fine.
902-3.3 Sand-Cement Riprap: Sand for sand -cement riprap shall me et the quality
requirements of 902 -2, except for gradation requirements. The material shall meet the following gradation limits: Table 902-2 Sieve Size Percent Passing No. 4 minimum 97% No. 100 maximum 20% No. 200 maximum 5%
902-4 Filter Material for Underdrains.
Silica sand for use as filter material for Types I through IV underdrains shall meet the requirements of 902 -2, except that the requirements of 902 -1.2 and 902 -2.2 shall not apply. The aggregate shall be reasonably free of organi c matter and other deleterious materials. The gradation requirements of 902 -2.1 shall apply except no more than 2% shall pass the No. 200 sieve. Filter material for Type V underdrain shall meet the above requirements except that there shall be no more tha n 1% of silt, clay and organic matter, that the aggregate shall have a Uniformity Coefficient of 1.5 or greater, and that 10% diameter shall be No. 70 to 35 sieve. The Uniformity Coefficient shall be determined by the ratio D60 divided by D10, where D60 an d D10 refer to the particle diameter corresponding to 60 % and 10% of the material which is finer by dry weight.
902-5 Screenings.
902-5.1 Composition: Screenings shall be composed of hard, durable particles, either
naturally occurring, such as gravel scre enings, or resulting from the crushing or processing of the parent rock, to include natural rock, slags, expanded clays or shales (lightweight aggregates), or other approved inert materials with similar characteristics. Aggregates classified as screening shall conform to the following gradation requirements: Table 902-3 Sieve Size Percent Passing 3/8 in. 100% No.4 75 to 100%
902-5.2 Specific Requirements:
902-5.2 1 Screenings from Department Approved Sources of Coarse
Aggregate: Processed screenings from fully approved sources of coarse aggregate are subject to FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents gradation. Should coarse aggregate source approval status change, or unsatisfactory in -service history develop, additional control requirements may be implemented. Screenings for use in hot bituminous mixture may consist of screenings from the processing of reclaimed portland cement concrete pavement to produce coarse aggregate.
902-5.2 2 Screenings from Other Sources: Screenings, from sources other than
Department Approved Sources of Coarse Aggregate, must meet the following additional general requirements: Modified Los Angeles Abrasion: 95% statistical probability of meeting maximum loss of 23%. Specific Gravity* Absorption* Soundness* Sulfur* Phosphate* Extraneous Substances* *Specific specification requirements based on material usage found in appropriate Bituminous or Portland Cement Sections. Based on specific material characteristics, processing techniques and in - service history on Depart ment projects, specific source requirements may be assigned.
902-5.2 3 Screenings for Use in Portland Cement Concrete: Screenings
produced from either the Miami Oolite, Miami Ft. Thompson, or Loxahatchee Ft. Thompson Formations may be substituted for sil ica sand for use in concretes, except for concrete pavements, approach slabs, bridge decks and precast superstructure segments. (However, screenings will be permitted in the concrete when the bridge deck or approach slab is to be covered with an asphalt co ncrete surface course.) These screenings must meet the gradation requirements of AASHTO M 6, Section 6.1, as well as the maximum percent passing the No. 200 sieve, Fineness Modulus, and Organic requirements of 902 -2 Silica Sand. In addition, the saturat ed, surface dry specific gravity shall be at least 2.48.
902-6 Local Materials.
Local materials shall be composed of hard, strong, durable particles, either naturally occurring, such as natural sands, or resulting from the crushing or processing of parent rock, to include natural sand and rock, slags, expanded clays or shales (lightweight aggregate), or other approved inert materials with similar characteristics. Aggregates classified as local material shall conform to the following gradation requirements : Table 902-4 Sieve Size Percent Passing 3/8 in. 100% No. 10 85 to 100% No. 200 maximum 15% FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents In addition to meeting the requirements of 902 -1.2, the material shall not contain excessive quantities of other deleterious substances, such as roots, cans, debris, etc. If clay size material is present, it shall not exceed 7%, as determined by AASHTO T 88, and it shall be of a type which will not produce clay balls when used. The aggregate must be suitable for designated use, as determined by lab oratory tests. If the deposit consists of stratified layers of varying characteristics and gradation, the producer shall employ such means as necessary to secure a uniform material. Local materials will not be required to be produced under the requirement s of 6-2.3, provided they can meet the above requirements.
902-7 Lightweight Fine Aggregate for Internal Curing .
Fine lightweight aggregate suitable for internal curing shall meet the requirements of ASTM C1761.
902-8 Exceptions, Additions and Restriction s.
Other specification modifications, based on material usage may be found in the appropriate sections of the Specifications. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents FLEXIBLE -PAVEMENT MATERIALS (INCLUDING MATERIALS FOR STABILIZING) SECTION 911 BASE AND STABILIZED BASE MATERIAL S
911-1 Description.
This Section governs materials to be used in the construction of base and subgrade stabilization including limerock, shell, shell -rock, cemented coquina shell , and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).
911-2 Materials.
911-2.1 General:
911-2.1 1 Approval of Material: Approval of mineral aggregate sources shall be
in accordance with 6 -2.3.
911-2.1 2 Deleterious Substances: Materials shall not contain deleterious
substances that would result in: prevention of the bituminous prime coat from adhering to the base course; a detriment to the finishing, strength, or performance of the base ; or a surface which is susceptible to distortion under construction traffic . Such substances include, but are not limited to: cherty or other extremely hard pieces, lumps, balls or pockets of sand or clay size material, organic matter, loose sand, loose, free shells, corals or skeletal remain of other marine invertebrates retained on the No. 4 sieve, or water sensitive clay minerals.
911-2.2 Limerock Composition: Limerock material shall consist of unconsolidated or
partly consolidated limestone of marine origi n.
911-2.3 Shell Material: Composition: Shell materials shall consist of naturally
occurring deposits formed essentially of broken mollusk shell, corals and the skeletal remains of other marine invertebrates. Live or steamed shell, or man -made deposits as a by-product of the shellfish industry will not be permitted.
911-2.3 1 Bank Run Shell: Shell materials meeting the requirements of this
Section which are presently found as “dry land” deposits.
911-2.3 2 Dredged Shell: Shell materials meeting the req uirements of this
Section which are dredged from ocean, bay or lake deposits.
911-2.4 Shell-Rock Material Composition: Shell-rock materials shall consist of
naturally occurring heterogeneous deposits of limestone with interbedded layers or lenses of loose and cemented shell, to include cemented sands (calcitic sandstone). This material shall be mined and processed in a manner that will result in a reasonably homogenous finished product.
911-2.5 Cemented Coquina Shell Material Composition: Cemented coquina shell
materials to be used as cemented coquina base or stabilized base, shall be defined as naturally occurring deposits formed essentially of broken mollusk shell, corals and the skeletal rema ins of other marine invertebrates, which are presently found as “dry land” deposits and which have been cemented together by carbonates or other natural cementing agents.
911-2.6 Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Composition: RCA shall consist of
concrete material derived from the crushing of hard portland cement concrete. In addition to the deleterious materials noted in 911 -2.1.2, RCA shall be asbestos free. The following limits shall not be exceeded: FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents