INSTALLATION OF POST -INSTALLED ANCHOR SYSTEMS AND DOWELS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS IN CONCRETE ELEMENTS
416-1 Description.
Prepare and install post -installed anchor systems and dowels in hardened concrete as indicated in the Plans, as directed by the Engineer, and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and this Section. Post-installed anchors and dowels in this Se ction are intended for use in structural applications where designated in the Plans.
416-2 Materials.
416-2.1 Adhesive Bonded Anchors and Dowels: Use adhesive bonding material
systems which meet the requirements of Section 937 and are included on the Approved Product List (APL). Use anchors and dowels installed in positions ranging from vertically downward to horizontal.
416-2.1 1 Type HV Adhesives: Use Type HV adhesive bonding materials for all
installations other than constructing doweled pile splices. Do not use Type HV adhesives as a substitute for Type HSHV adhesives.
416-2.1 2 Type HSHV Adhesives: Use higher strength Type HSHV adhesive
bonding materials for installation of traffic railing reinforcement and anchor bolts into existing concrete bridg e decks and approach slabs. Type HSHV adhesives may be used as a substitute for Type HV adhesives provided the length and diameter of the anchor bolt and drilled hole remain as designed for the Type HV adhesive.
416-2.1 3 Storage of Materials: Store mate rials delivered to the job site in the
original unopened containers within an appropriate facility capable of maintaining storage conditions consistent with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
416-3 Equipment.
Install adhesive -bonded anchor systems with e quipment conforming to the manufacturer’s recommendation for the type of system installed.
416-4 Preparing of Concrete Members.
416-4.1 Adhesive -Bonded Anchors and Dowels: Ensure that concrete members
receiving adhesive -bonded anchors or dowels are struct urally sound and free of cracks in the vicinity of the anchor or dowel to be installed. Unless other equipment is recommended by the adhesive manufacturer, drill holes to the diameter required by the manufacturer, but as a minimum, not less than 105% of th e diameter including deformations, nor more than 150% of the nominal diameter of the steel bar anchor or dowel, using a rotary hammer drill and bit. Use a metal detector specifically designed for locating steel in concrete to avoid conflicts with existin g steel reinforcement whenever placement tolerances and edge clearances permit. Perform core drilling through existing steel reinforcement only when approved by the Engineer. Dry the drilled holes completely prior to cleaning and installing the anchors or dowels. Clean and prepare drilled holes in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, but as a minimum, use oil free compressed air to remove loose particles from drilling, brush inside surface to free loose particles trapped in pores, then use compressed air FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents again to remove the remaining loose particles. Use a non -metallic bristle brush and avoid over - brushing to p revent polishing the inside surface of the drilled hole.
416-5 Installation Methods.
416-5.1 Adhesive -Bonded Anchors and Dowels: Remove all debris, oils, and any other
deleterious material from the anchors and dowels to avoid contamination of the adhesive bonding material. Install anchors or dowels in accordance with the details shown in the Plans and the manufacturer’s instructions , with particular attention to requirements and limitations due to anchor position, dampness, ambient temperature, and curing. Use adequate quantities of the adhesive bonding material to fill the drilled hole to within 1/4 inch of the concrete surface me asured after placement of the steel bar or anchor. For horizontal and downwardly inclined installations, provide temporary supports to maintain the anchors or dowels in the center of the drilled holes until the adhesive bonding material has cured.
416-6 Field Testing of Post -Installed Anchor Systems and Dowels.
416-6.1 General: Provide an independent testing agency to perform field testing of post-
installed anchors or dowels under the direction of a Professional Engineer registered in the State of Florida. Submit test reports for each LOT signed and sealed by the Professional Engineer . Perform restrained static tension tests to prevent damage to the surrounding concrete. A restrained test is defined as a test conducted in accordance with ASTM E488 except th at the test equipment support clearance requirements of ASTM E488 do not apply. The opening in the reaction base shall be approximately equal to the drilled hole diameter for the anchor to preclude concrete or masonry failure, but allow bond failure for th e adhesive -bonded anchors and dowels. Displacement measurement for field testing is not required. Divide the post -installed anchors or dowels into LOTs for testing and acceptance. Each LOT must contain a maximum of 100 anchors or dowels, of the same type , manufacturer, diameter, embedment length and adhesive bonding material system (if applicable) installed on the same day. Randomly select four of the anchors or dowels in each LOT for testing, except if there are three or less in the LOT, in which case, t est all anchors or dowels, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. If three consecutive LOTs have no failing tests, sample the next three LOTs at a 2% rate, rounded up to the nearest whole number, and if these LOTs have no failing tests, sample at a rat e of 1%, rounded up to the nearest whole number, for the remaining LOTs unless there is a failure ; however, regardless of LOT size, sample at least one anchor or dowel per LOT. For every failed field test, perform two additional field tests on adjacent unt ested anchors or dowels within the LOT. Continue additional field tests until no more test failures occur, or all anchors or dowels within the LOT are tested. For the next LOT after a failed LOT, randomly select four of the anchors or dowels in each LOT fo r testing, except if there are three or less in the LOT , test all anchors or dowels unless otherwise directed by the Engineer then conform to the sampling rate procedure above including rate reductions as appropriate for subsequent LOTs.
416-6.1 1 Adhesi ve-Bonded Anchors: Field test installed anchors and dowels for
applications connecting traffic railing s to bridge decks, approach slabs and concrete pavement using Type HSHV adhesives. The Engineer may also require field testing of installed anchors and dowels for other applications. Any field testing of installed anchors which is required by the Engineer and not quantified in the Contract Documents shall be paid for by the Department unless a failure occurs during the field testing. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Test individual anch ors and dowels by proof loading in tension to 85% of the specified bond strength in accordance with Section 937 based on the nominal anchor or dowel diameter and embedment depth, but not more than 90% of the yield strength of the anchor or dowel, unless ot herwise shown in the Contract Documents.
416-6.2 Removal & Replacement of Failed Test Specimens: Remove all anchors and
dowels that fail the field test, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and without damage to the surrounding concrete. F or adhesive -bonded anchors, redrill holes to remove adhesive bonding material residue and clean in accordance with 416 -4. Reinstall new anchors and dowels in accordance with 416 -5. Do not reuse the failed anchors and dowels unless approved by the Engineer. Assign reinstalled anchors into new LOTs only containing reinstalled anchors or dowels of the same diameter, embedment length and adhesive bonding material system, and field test in accordance with 416 -6.
416-7 Acceptance.
The Engineer will base acceptance of post -installed anchor systems on determining that the material requirements of Section 937, the installation and testing requirements of this Section and the placement requirements of the Plans have been met.
416-8 Basis of Payment.
The work specified in this Section will not be paid for directly, but will be considered as incidental work. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 425 INLETS, MANHOLES, AND JUNCTION BOXES
425-1 Description.
Construct inlets, manholes, and junction boxes from reinforced concrete as shown in the Standard Plans and the Plans. Furnish and install the necessary metal frames and gratings. Construct yard drains from concrete meeting the requirements of Section 347. Adjust structures shown in the Plans to be adjusted or requiring adjustment for the satisfactory completion of the work. For precast structures, meet the requirements in 449 -1.
425-2 Composition and Proportioning.
425-2.1 Concrete: For inlets, manholes, and junction boxes, use Class II or IV concrete,
as designated in the Plans and Standard Plans and as specified in S ection 346. For concrete aprons and yard drains , use concrete as specified in Section 347.
425-2.2 Mortar: For brick masonry, make the mortar by mixing one-part cement to three
parts sand. Miami Oolitic rock screenings may be substituted for the sand, pro vided the screenings meet the requirements of 902 except for gradation requirements. Use materials passing the No. 8 sieve that are well graded from coarse to fine. Submit documentation , from a Department approved mine or a Department approved concrete pla nt, confirming the sand or sand substitute meets the requirements of 902 -3.2. Preblended m asonry cement mortar may be used in lieu of the above -specified mortar. Deliver the product in original and unopened packages properly identified by brand name of manufacturer, net weight of package, and type. Store the material in full compliance with the manufacturer’s recommendations . Material must be used within manufacturer’s recommended shelf life.
425-3 Materials.
425-3.1 General: Meet the following requirements:
Sand (for mortar) ................................ ................. Section 902 Portland Cement ................................ .................. Section 921 Water ................................ ................................ ...Section 923 Reinforcing Steel ................................ Sections 931 and 415 Liner Repair Systems ................................ ..........Section 948 Brick and Concrete Masonry Units ..................... Section 949 Castings fo r Frames and Gratings ....................... Section 962 Masonry Cement, Type M or S........................... ASTM C91 Preblended Dry Masonry Cement Mortar, Type M or S ....... ................................ ................................ ......... ASTM C1714
425-3.2 Gratings, Covers, and Frames: Use gratings and frames fabricated from
structural steel or cast iron as designat ed in the appropriate Standard Plans Index . When “Alt. G” grates are specified in the Plans, provide structural steel grates that are galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A123 and hardware galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A153. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents