353-1 Description.
Replace the existing defective area of concrete pavement with portland cement concrete free of any uncontrolled cracks. Repair the damaged area of adjacent slabs, caused by slab removal at no cost to the Department. When using the maturity method, s ubmit a strength - maturity relationship curve as determined by FM 3-C 1074 for opening to traffic during design mix verification.
353-2 Materials.
Meet the following requ irements: Portland Cement Concrete* ................................ Section 346 Curing Materials ................................ ................. Section 925 Epoxy Compounds ................................ ..............Section 926 Dowel Bar Assembly** ................................ ......Section 931 Post-Installed Anchor Systems for Structural Applications in Concrete Elements ..................... Section 937 Accelerating Admixtures .......... ASTM C494, Type C and E *For concrete pavement slab replacement, the use of supplementary cementitious materials is optional. **Concrete pavement containing only dowel bars will be considered non - reinforced concrete.
353-3 Composition of Concrete.
353-3.1 Mixture Proportions: Designate the actual proportions to be used to produce a
concrete with a minimum 28 day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. Prior to producing concrete, submit the design mix for approval on a form acceptable to the Department. Provide a mix design that will produce a concrete with a minimum compressive strength of 1,600 psi, designated for opening to traffic, at the time period specified in the Contract Documents. Perform the plastic property tests in accordance wit h Section 346 prior to the addition of the accelerator. Use mixes approved by the Department and obtain concrete from a plant that is currently on the Department’s Production Facility listing. Producers seeking inclusion on the list shall meet the requirem ents of Section 105. Make necessary adjustment to the concrete mix -water to account for the amount of water in the accelerating admixture solution.
353-3.2 Delivery Certification: Submit a delivery ticket in accordance with Section 346.
353-3.3 Demonstration Slab: Prior to batching production concrete, demonstrate the
ability to furnish replacement slabs by constructing a demonstration slab at the project site . Demonstrate production techniques for slab removal, dowel installation, concre te placement, finishing, slab curing, sample preparation and curing, and proper timing of joint sawing. Demonstrate the ability to achieve the required compressive strengths. Demonstrate proficiency to the Engineer the ability to determine when the concret e has achieved a compressive strength of 1,600 psi by testing concrete cylinders or by using the maturity -strength curve . Use cylinders to verify the concrete compressive strength at 28 days. Schedule construction of the demonstration slab at the time specified in the Contract Documents. If the Engineer determines FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents that elements of the demonstration slab fail to meet requirements of the Contract Documents, propose adjustments to the construction processes and/or materials for the Engineer’s approval. The demonstration slab may be used in the final work with the approval of the Engineer. No slab replacements will be constructed until the demonstration slab is approved. The Engineer may require additional demonstration slabs until a demonstration slab conform s to the Contract Documents.
353-4 Batching and Mixing Concrete.
Obtain concrete that meets the requirements of Section 346 with the following additional requirements: Add all the concrete ingredients, excluding the accelerator to the truck mixer at the plant. Add the accelerator to the load at the job site and record the amount on the delivery ticket. Mix the concrete for 30 additional revolutions at mixing speed after the accelerator is added to the mixer. Incorporate the accelerator into the concrete design mix in accordance with the recommendations of the admixture manufactur er. Do not exceed the manufacturer’s written recommendations for the dosage rate of the accelerating admixture.
353-5 Test Requirements.
353-5.1 General: Perform concrete sampli ng and testing in accordance with Section 346,
with the addition of density measurement testing is required. Perform the plastic property tests prior to the addition of the accelerator. Concrete strength determination can be done using test cylinders or by using the maturity method. If test cylinders are used, prepare after the addition of accelerator.
353-5.2 Verification of Maturity Curve Data: Develop a new maturity curve if any of
the plastic properties or the density results exceed the tolerances specified in Table 353-1, for the initial sampling . Table 353 -1 Slump and Density Tolerances Prior to Accelerator Addition Slump Tolerance ± 1.5 inches Density Tolerance ± 3.0 lb/ft3 Use either the maturity method in FM 3-C1074 or concrete cylinder testing to determine if the concrete has achieved 1,600 psi and can be opened to traffic. Use the maturity value or concrete cylinder test results to verify the strength of the last slab o f each day ’s placement. Additional maturity meters or concrete cylinder testing may be used to open other locations to traffic prior to the last slab of each day, as needed, provided each location has achieved the minimum strength.
353-5.3 Cylinder Fabrication and Testing: If cylinders will be used for opening to
traffic strength determination, f abricate three test cylinders for opening to traffic strength and three cylinders for 28 day strength after all materials, including the accelerato r, are added. If the maturity method will be used for opening to traffic strength, fabricate three test cylinders for maturity curve correlation testing and three for 28 day strength. The compressive strength cylinders and maturity curve correlation test ing will be performed at the beginning of each production day, when the mix desig n is changed to another FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents mix design, at the discretion of the Engineer for each remaining placement week, when a new maturity curve is required, or until terminated by the Engi neer.
353-6 Concrete Slab Acceptance and Testing .
Reject any Concrete not meeting the plastic property requirements of Section 346. Acceptance will be based on achieving a 1,600 psi compressive strength prior to opening the slab to traffic, and a 28 day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. Determine opening to traffic strength using the m aturity method or concrete cylinder testing, and determine 28 day strength using concrete cylinder testing. Perform Quality Control (QC) tests for temperature , slump, and density, and prepare compressive strength cylinders once per LOT. A LOT is defined as one day’s production . The Engineer will evaluate the particular circumstances in each instance where a str ength deficiency occurs. Strength deficiencies will be addressed in accordance with Section 346. Lost quality control cylinder s and payment reduction s for low strength concrete will be addressed in accordance with Section 346. Controlled cracks are crack s designed to occur at specific locations based on the pavement design. All other cracks in the pavement are uncontrolled cracks. Repair uncontrolled cracked slabs, which occur during the life of the contract, by removing and replacing the pavement across the full width of all affected lanes or shoulders and to the nearest transverse joint in each direction. Investigate and implement immediate effective solutions to eliminate further cracks, in consultation with, and subject to the approval of, the Engineer .
353-7 Placing, Striking Off, Consolidating and Finishing Concrete.
The requirements of Section 350 are applicable to this Section. Perform straightedging while the concrete is still in plastic state after floating is completed and the excess water remo ved. Furnish and operate a 10 foot straightedge meeting the requirements of Section 350. Hold the straightedge in successive positions parallel to the road centerline, in contact with the surface, testing until the replacement slab is straight edged from one side to the other. Advance along the road in successive stages of not more than one -half the length of the straightedge. Fill any depressions immediately with freshly mixed concrete, consolidate, strike -off, and refinish. Cut down and refinish any high areas. Continue straightedge testing and surface correction until the entire surface conforms to the required grade and cross slope. Ensure that transverse slope deviations of the finished pavement do not exceed 1/8 inch with the straightedge laid in a dir ection perpendicular to the centerline. When Portland cement concrete pavement abuts bridge approaches or pavement not under this Contract, ensure that the longitudinal slope deviations of the finished pavement do not exceed 1/8 inch in 10 foot length. Produce a uniform, gritty textured final finish longitudinally along the pavement by dragging a broom or seamless strip of damp burlap, having at least 3 feet in contact with the pavement. If the Engineer identifies a surface irregularity determined to be ob jectionable, straightedge with a 10 foot long straightedge and address all deficiencies in excess of 1/8 inch by grinding in accordance Section 352. When required in the Contract Documents, produce a pavement surface that is true to grade and uniform in a ppearance with a longitudinal line type texture by grinding in accordance with Section 352. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
353-8 Curing.
Cure the slab as specified in Section 350, except for time and temperature restrictions. Use a Type I (with dye) or Type ID (clear with dye) curing compound and apply within 1/2 hour after completing the finishing operations. After the curing compound has been applied, cover the surface and exposed edges with two layers of white burlap -polyethylene curing blanket conforming to Section 925 or insulating blankets approved by the Engineer. Continue curing the slab until the concrete achieves the required 1,600 psi compressive strength.
353-9 Joints.
353-9.1 General: Construct transverse joints as specified in Section 350 and as shown in
the Standard Plans , except that dowels bars are installed per this Section . Tie bars will not be placed along the longitudinal joints unless shown in the Contract Documents. Apply a b ond breaker to all vertical faces of the adjacent slabs. Submit the proposed bond breaker and manufacturer’s technical data to the Engineer for approval. Clean and seal joints in accordance with Section 350.
353-9.2 Dowel Bars: Provide dowel bars in acc ordance with the details shown in the
Contract Documents.
353-9.2 1 Dowel Bars at Transverse Joint Between two Replacement Slabs:
Follow the requirements of 350 -12 when providing dowel bars at a transverse joint between two freshly placed replacement sla bs.
353-9.2 2 Dowel Bars at Transverse Joints Between Existing and
Replacement Slabs: Follow the requirements of Section 350, except drill holes and install dowel bars into the sawed face or end of the existing slab. Develop load transfer between existin g and freshly placed replacement slab. The dowels shall be free to move inside the replacement slab and epoxy -bonded into the existing slab.
353-9.2 3 Dowel Bar Installation: Install dowel bars in accordance with
Section 416 except as modified herein. Position each dowel such that its final deviation from parallel to the surface of the pavement and parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the pavement does not exceed 1 /2 inch. Position each dowel such that it s final deviation from centered on the joint does not exceed 2 inches. Position each dowel such that at no point in its length does it deviate from the surface of the pavement as shown in the Plans in excess of 1 inch. Confirm the position of dowel bars by means acceptable to the Engineer, which may include non -destructive testing methods . Use epoxy compounds in accordance with Section 937. Dispense the epoxy from a cartridge or from metered equipment that indicates the amount of each component material being dispensed. Inject epoxy into the hol e after cleaning and prior to dowel insertion. Start injection at the back of the hole to force the epoxy to move forward during dowel insertion. Twist the dowel a minimum of one full turn during the insertion to ensure that the epoxy surrounds the dowel. The injection process and viscosity of the epoxy shall be adequate to ensure that the space between the surface of the dowel and the inside of the hole is filled with epoxy. Do not allow the epoxy to escape from the front of the hole after inserting the dowel in the hole. Use a 1/8 inch thick nylon or plastic grout retention disk to hold epoxy in the hole during dowel insertion. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
353-10 Protection and Opening to Traffic.
353-10.1 General: The requirements of Section 350 apply to this Section. Keep the
placed slabs closed to traffic until the 1,600 psi compressive strength requirement is achieved. Submit documentation to the Engineer indicating that the required strength was achieved prior to opening to traffic . If documentation is not provided, the concrete will not be accepted. The Engineer may allow opening to traffic should the maturity equipment fail to provide a reading. Opening to traffic due to equipment failure does not constitute acceptance of the concrete . Protect the pavement from all traffic, including construction vehicles, until the required strength has been obtained. The protective measures shall be arranged so as not to interfere with traffic lanes being utilized for required maintenance of traffic.
353-10.2 Maturity Method Testing: Use a maturity curve to estimate the strength of the
concrete for opening to traffic for each day of production. Embed temperature senso rs at mid- depth in the slab, at 6 inches from the leading edge of the transverse joint and at 6 inches from the longitudinal joint or at locations designated by the Engineer . Develop a strength -maturity relationship curve using the Arrhenius maturity function with an activation energy of 33,500 J/mol as outlined in FM 3-C1074, in a laboratory with personnel qualified to perform the method. Compressive strength tests, as specified in FM 3-C1074, will be performed to produc e a six point curve with points be fore and after the anticipated time for opening to traffic. Submit the mix design supporting data and the maturity curve to the Engineer for his approval . Any changes of a material source or proportion in the concrete mixture will require a new maturity curve.
353-11 Method of Measurement.
The pay quantity for concrete pavement slab replacement, calculated using field - measured horizontal dimensions and thickness of the removed slab, will be the volume, in cubic yards, of calculated concrete volume placed and accepted. The pay quantity for cleaning and sealing joints will be in accordance with Section 350.
353-12 Basis of Payment.
Price and payment for concrete pavement slab replacement, will be full compensation for all work specified in this Section an d shall include demonstration slab construction, all joint construction, including tie bars and dowels, furnishing of test specimens, and all necessary incidentals. Price and payment for cleaning and sealing joints will be made in accordance with Section 350. Payment will be made under: Item No. 353 - 70- Concrete Pavement Slab Replacement - per cubic yard. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 355 VALUE ADDED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
355-1 Description.
Construct Value Added Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (Concrete Pavement), subject to a five year warranty period after final acceptance of the Contract in accordance with
5-11 This Section applies only to new pavements, including added lanes.
Submit each mix design to the Engineer at least 14 days prior to any paving work. Perform all the associated work specified in this Section including continued responsibility for performing all remedial work associated with pavement distresses exceeding threshold values determined in accordance with this Section and as to which notice was provided to the Contractor. The work specified in this Section will not be paid for directly, but will be considered as incidental to other Contract items.
355-2 Materials and C onstruction Requirements.
Meet the requirements of the following: Portland Cement Concrete ................................ ..Section 346 Cement Concrete Pavement ................................ Section 350 Grinding Concrete Pavement .............................. Section 352
355-3 Statewide Disputes Review Board.
The Statewide Disputes Review Board in effect for this Contract will resolve any and all disputes that may arise involving administration and enforcement of this Specification. The Contractor and the Department acknowledge that use of the Statewide Disputes Review Board is required, and the determinations of the Statewide Disputes Review Board for disputes arising out of this Specification will be binding on both the Contractor and the Department, with no right of appeal by either party. Meet the requirements of 8 -3.
355-4 Pavement Evaluatio n and Remedial Work.
355-4.1 General: The Department’s Pavement Condition Survey Program along with
observations by the Engineer will be used as the basis for determining the extent and the magnitude of the pavement distresses occurring on the project. In the event the level of distress exceeds any of the threshold values defined below, remedial work as described in 355 -5 by the Contractor will be required. The Department will monitor the pavement for distresses and may require remedial action at any tim e. The Department may conduct a Pavement Condition Survey of the value added pavement following the final acceptance of the project, and at intermediate times throughout the warranty period with findings provided when considered by the Department to be the obligation of the Contractor. The final survey, if determined by the Engineer to be necessary, will be conducted before the end of the warranty period with results provided to the Contractor for those conditions exceeding contract threshold values requ iring remedial action that the Department believes to be an obligation of the Contractor. The Department will be responsible for all costs associated with the surveys. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents