948-1Polyvinyl -Chloride (PVC) Pipe, or Acrylonitrile -Butadiene -Styrene (ABS) Plastics
Pipe.
948-1.1For Bridge Drains: PVC pipe shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM D1785, for Type I, Grade 1, Schedule 80 PVC pipe with a minimum polymer cell classification of 12454 per ASTM D1784 and a minimum of 1.5% by weight of titanium dioxide for UV protection.
948-1.2Pressure Pipe: Pressure pipe for direct burial under pavement shall conform to
the requirements of ASTM D1785, for Type I, Grade I, Schedule 40, for sizes up to and including 2 -1/2 inches, and Schedule 80 for sizes up to 4 inches. Pressure pipe 4 inches in diameter and larger shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C900-75, DR18, and ASTM D1785, Type I, Grade I or other types as may be specifically called for in the Plans or Special Provisions.
948-1.3Pipe Marking: All PVC pipe shall be marked as required by Ar ticle 8 of
ASTM D1785, and acceptance of the pipe may be based on this data.
948-1.4Nonpressure Pipe: PVC pipe and ABS pipe intended for direct -burial or
concrete encasement, shall meet the following requirements:
perforations.
The manufacturer of the PVC or ABS pipe shall submit to the Engineer the mill analysis covering chemical and physical test results.
948-1.5Underdrain: PVC pipe for use as underdrain shall conform to the requirements
of ASTM F758 or ASTM F949. Also, PVC underdrain manufactured from PVC pipe meeting ASTM D3034, perforated in accordance with the perforation requirements given in AASHTO M 36 or AASHTO M 196 will be permitted.
948-1.6Edgedrain: PVC pipe for use as edgedrain shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM F758, ASTM F949 or ASTM D3034 pipe shall be perforated in accordance with the perforation requirements given in AASHTO M 36 or AASHTO M 196. Additional perforations will be re quired as indicated in Standard Plans, Index 446-001 for pipes designated under ASTM F758 and ASTM D3034. PVC pipe intended for direct burial in asphalt shall meet the following requirements:
for PVC (90ºC electrical conduit pipe) NEMA ECP-40 and NEMA ECP-80. Underwriter Laboratory Specifications referenced under NEMA specifications for electrical conductivity are not required.
permanent deformation.
948-1.7PVC Pipe (12 Inches to 48 Inches): PVC pipe for side drain, cross drain, storm
drain and other specified applications shall conform to AASHTO M 278 for smooth wall PVC pipe or ASTM F949 and AASHTO M 304 for PVC ribbed pipe with plant certification from the 1070 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents National Transportation Product E valuation Program (NTPEP) . Resin shall contain a minimum of 1.5% by weight of titanium dioxide for UV protection. Post-consumer and post -industrial recycled resins are not allowed. Mitered end sections are not to be constructed of PVC . PVC pipe shall be installed within two years from the date of manufacture. Obtain pipe from a production facility that is listed on the Department’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion shall meet the requirements of 948-1.7.1 Material A cceptance: Prior to use, submit to the Engineer a material certification from the manufacturer confirming that the requirements of this Section are met. The certification shall conform to the requirements of Section 6. Project sampling shall be performed in accordance with 430 -9.
948-2Corrugated Polyethylene Tubing and Pipe
948-2.1General: For underdrain, corrugated polyethylene tubing and fittings shall meet
the requirements of AASHTO M 252. For edgedrain, corrugated polyethylene tubing and fittings shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 252, except as modified in 948 -2.2. For storm drain side drain, french drain and cross drain corrugated polyethylene pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 294 and 948 -2.3. The tubing or pipe shall n ot be left exposed to sunlight for periods exceeding the manufacturer’s recommendation.
948-2.2Edgedrain (4 Inches to 10 Inches): The requirements for edgedrain as specified
in AASHTO M 252 are modified as follows:
have a minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi at 5% deflection.
948-2.3Corrugated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe (12 Inches to
60 Inches): 948-2.3.1 General: Class I (50-year design service life) corrugated HDPE pipe used for side drain, storm and cross drain or french drain shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 294(V) with plant certification from the NTPEP. Corrugations shall be annular. Pipe resin shall conform to ASTM D3350 with a minimum cell classi fication 435400C and between 2% to 4% carbon black. Post-consumer and post -industrial recycled resins are not allowed. Mitered end sections are not to be constructed of polyethylene. Obtain pipe from a production facility that is listed on the Departme nt’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion shall meet the requirements of Section 105. 948-2.3.2 Additional Requirements for Class II (100-Year Design Service Life), Type S HDPE Pipe: Class II HDPE pipe shall meet the requirements in T able 948-1 in addition to those in 948 -2.3. Perforations will not be allowed. Manufacturers may only use ground Class II HDPE pipe for reworked plastic.
1071 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 948-1 Stress Crack Resistance of Pipes Pipe Location Test Method Test Conditions Requirement Pipe Liner FM 5-572, Procedure A 10% Igepal solution at 122°F and 600 psi applied stress, 5 replicates Average failure time of the pipe liner shall be ≥18.0 hours, no single value shall be less than 13.0 hours. Pipe Corrugation(1), (molded plaque) ASTM F2136 10% Igepal solution at 122°F and 600 psi applied stress, 5 replicates Average failure time shall be ≥24.0 hours, no single value shall be less than 17.0 hours. Junction FM 5-572, Procedure B and FM 5-573 Full Test(2)(3) Test at 3 temperature/stress combinations: 176°F at 650 psi 176°F at 450 psi 158°F at 650 psi; 5 replicates at each test condition Determine failure time at 500 psi at 73.4°F ≥ 100 years (95% lower confidence) using 15 failure time values(4) The tests for each condition can be terminated at duration equal to or greater than the following criteria: 110.0 hr at 176°F 650 psi 430.0 hr at 176°F 450 psi 500.0 hr at 158°F 650 psi Single Test(5): Test temperature 176°F and applied stress of 650 psi.; 5 replicates The average failure time must be equal to or greater than 110.0 hr Longitudinal Profiles(6) FM 5-572, Procedure C, and FM 5-573 Full Test(2)(3): Test at 3 temperature/stress combinations: 176°F at 650 psi 176°F at 450 psi 158°F at 650 psi; 5 replicates at each test condition Determine failure time at 500psi at 73.4°F ≥ 100 years (95% lower confidence) using 15 failure time values(4). The tests for each condition can be terminated at duration equal to or greater than the following criteria: 110.0 hr at 176°F 650 psi 430.0 hr at 176°F 450 psi 500.0 hr at 158°F 650 psi Single Test(5): Test temperature 176°F and applied stress of 650 psi.; 5 replicates The average failure time must be equal to or greater than 110.0 hr (no value shall be less than 55.0 hours)
1072 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 948-1 Stress Crack Resistance of Pipes Oxidation Resistance of Pipes Pipe Location Test Method Test Conditions Requirement Liner and/or Crown(7) OIT Test (ASTM D3895) 2 replicates (to determine initial OIT value) on the as manufactured (not incubated) pipe. 25.0 minutes, minimum Liner and/or Crown(7) Incubation test FM 5-574 and OIT test (ASTM D3895) Three samples for incubation of 265 days at 176°F(8) and applied stre ss of 250 psi. One OIT test per each sample Average of 3.0 minutes(9) (no values shall be less than 2.0 minutes) Liner and/or Crown(7) MI test (ASTM D1238 at 190oC/2.16Kg) 2 replicates on the as manufactured (not incubated) pipe. < 0.4 g/10 minutes Liner and/or Crown(7) Incubation test FM 5-574 and MI test (ASTM D1238 at 190°C/2.16Kg ) 2 replicates on the three aged sampled after incubation of 265 days at 176°F(8) and applied stress of 250 psi MI Retained Value(9)(10) shall be greater than 80% and less than 120%. Note: FM = Florida Method of Test.
and approved in writing.
and manufacturing process. Full test must be p erformed on maximum and minimum pipe diameters within a manufacturing process.
Single point tests may not be used on maximum and minimum pipe sizes within a manufacturing process except by approval of the Engineer. Single point tests may be used for quality assurance testing purposes.
testing device, and in the same day.
manufactured pipe sample.
948-2.3.3 Material Acceptance: Meet the requirements of 948 -1.7.1. 948-2.3.4 Laboratory Accreditation: Manufacturers seeking evaluation of a product in accordance with D epartmental procedures must submit test reports conducted by a laboratory qualified by the Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute -Laboratory Accreditation Program (GAI -LAP) or qualified by ISO 17025 accreditation agency using personnel with actual experience running the test methods for Class II HDPE pipe . Submit the test reports to the State Materials Office.
948-2.4Steel Reinforced Polyethylene Ribbed Pipe:
948-2.4.1 General: Steel reinforced polyethylene ribbed pipe used for side drain, storm and cross drain, or french drain shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 335 with plant certification from the NTPEP and the testing requirements for stress crack and oxidation 1073 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents resistance in Table 948-1. Pipe resin shall conform to ASTM D3350 with a minimum cell classification 435400C and between 2% to 4% carbon black. Post-consumer and post -industrial recycled resins are not allowed. Mitered end sections are not to be constructed of steel reinforced polyethylene ribbed pipe. Obtain pipe from a production facili ty that is listed on the Department’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion shall meet the requirements of Section 105. 948-2.4.2 Material Acceptance: Meet the requirements of 948-1.7.1.
948-2.4.3 Laboratory Accreditation: Meet the requirements of 948-2.3.4 except
use personnel with actual experience running the test methods for steel reinforced polyethylene
ribbed pipe.
948-2.5Steel Reinforced Polyethylene Corrugated Pipe:
948-2.5.1 General: Class I (50-year design service life) steel reinforced
polyethylene corrugated pipe used for side drain, storm and cross drain must meet the
requirements of AASHTO MP 42 with plant certification from the National Transportation
Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP), provided such certification for this category of pipe is
available. Pipe resin must conform to ASTM D3350 with a minimum cell classification of
334452C or E and between 2% to 4% carbon black. Thermosetting polyurethane materials used
for pipe joints must be polyester-based and meet the requirements of Table 948-2. Post-consumer
and post-industrial recycled resins are not allowed. Perforations are not allowed. Mitered end
sections are not to be constructed of steel reinforced polyethylene corrugated pipe.
Obtain pipe from a production facility that is listed on the Department’s
Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion to the listing shall meet the
requirements of Section 105. 1074FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents
Table 948-2
Polyurethane Component Requirements
Test Methods Test Conditions Requirement
ASTM D2240
Durometer Hardness
1-inch Thick Specimens
Initial ≥60
After 6 Months Exposure
to Each Condition*
No more than 10%
reduction from measured
initial value
ASTM D695
Compressive Properties
0.1 inch per minute Load Rate
Initial ≥200 psi
After 6 Months Exposure
to Each Condition*
No more than 10%
reduction from measured
initial value
ASTM D1623
Yield Tensile Strength
Type B Specimens
0.1 inch per minute Load Rate
Initial ≥300 psi
After 6 Months Exposure
to Each Condition*
No more than 30%
reduction from measured
initial value
*Exposure Conditions:
Solution pH Resistivity (Ohm-
cm), Minimum
Chloride Content
(ppm), Maximum
Temperatures (°C)
5.5 1,000 300 60, 80, 90
7 1,000 300 60, 80, 90
12 1,000 300 60, 80, 90
948-2.5.2 Project Material Acceptance: Prior to use, submit to the Engineer a
material certification from the manufacturer confirming that the requirements of this Section are
met. The certification shall conform to the requirements of Section 6.
948-2.5.3 Laboratory Accreditation: Manufacturers seeking evaluation of a
product in accordance with Departmental procedures must submit test reports conducted by a
laboratory qualified by the Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute-Laboratory Accreditation
Program (GAI-LAP) or qualified by ISO 17025 accreditation agency using personnel with actual
experience performing the test methods for steel reinforced polyethylene pipe. Submit the test
reports to the State Materials Office.
948-3Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer Pipe
948-3.1For Bridge Drains: Fiberglass pipe shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM D3262, ASTM D2996 or ASTM D2310, for Type I, Grade 2, Class E, using polyvinyl
ester as the only resin. The minimum hoop stress designation shall be A. The resin shall contain
UV stabilizers or a two-part 100% solids polyurethane coating.
948-4Ductile Iron Pipe
948-4.1For Bridge Drains: Ductile iron pipe shall conform to the requirements of
AWWA C151.
948-5Hot Dip Galvanized Steel Pipe
948-5.1For Bridge Drains: Hot dip galvanized steel pipe shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM A53. 1075FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents
948-6Flexible Transition Couplings and Pipe
948-6.1For Bridge Drains: Flexible transition couplers and pipe shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM C1173.
948-7Profile Wall Polypropylene (PP) Pipe (12 Inches to 60 Inches)
948-7.1Class I PP: Class I (50-year design service life) PP pipe used for side drain,
cross drain, storm drain, and french drain shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 330 with
plant certification from the NTPEP. Corrugations shall be annular. Polypropylene compound
shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F2881. Post-consumer and post-industrial recycled
resins are not allowed. Mitered end sections are not to be constructed of polypropylene.
Obtain pipe from a production facility that is listed on the Department’s Production
Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion shall meet the requirements of Section 105.
948-7.2Additional Requirements for Class II (100-Year Design Service Life) PP
Pipe: Meet the requirements in Table 948-3 in addition to those in 948-7.1. Manufacturers may
only use ground Class II PP for reworked plastic. 1076FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents
Table 948-3
Stress Crack Resistance
Pipe Location Test Method Test Conditions Requirement
Pipe Liner FM 5-572,
Procedure A
10% Igepal solution at 50°C
and 600 psi applied stress,
5 replicates
Average failure time of the
pipe liner shall be
≥100 hours, no single value
shall be less than
71 hours. (1)
Oxidation Resistance
Pipe Location Test Method Test Conditions Requirement
Pipe Liner
and/or Crown (2)
OIT Test
(ASTM D3895)
2 replicates (to determine
initial OIT value) on the as
manufactured (not
incubated) pipe.
25.0 minutes, minimum
Pipe Liner
and/or Crown (2)
Incubation test
FM 5-574 and OIT
test (ASTM D3895)
Three samples for incubation
of 264 days at 85°C (3) . One
OIT test per each sample
Average of 3.0 minutes (4)
(no values shall be less than
2.0 minutes)
Pipe Liner
and/or Crown (2)
MI test
(ASTM D1238 at
230 o C/2.16Kg)
2 replicates on the as
manufactured (not
incubated) pipe.
< 1.5 g/10 minutes
Pipe Liner
and/or Crown (2)
Incubation test
FM 5-574 and MI
test
(ASTM D1238
at 230°C/2.16Kg)
2 replicates on the three aged
sampled after incubation of
264 days at 85°C (3)
MI Retained Value (4)(5)(6)
shall be greater than 80%
and less than 120%.
Note: FM = Florida Method of Test.
Samples can be removed if test time exceeds 100 hours without failure.
testing device, and in the same day.
two MI tests on the same pipe sample. If insufficient material is available, a repeat of one test is acceptable.
manufactured pipe sample.
948-7.3Material Acceptance: Meet the requirements of 948-1.7.1
948-7.4Laboratory Accreditation: Meet the requirements of 948-2.3.4 except
use personnel with actual experience running the test methods for profile wall polypropylene
pipe.
948-8Filter Fabric Sock for Use with Underdrain
For Type I underdrain specified in Standard Plans, Index 440-001, filter sock shall be an
approved strong rough porous, polyester or other approved knitted fabric which completely
covers and is secured to the perforated plastic tubing underdrain in such a way as to prevent
infiltration of trench backfill material. 1077FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents
The knitted fabric sock shall be a continuous one-piece material that fits over the tubing
like a sleeve. It shall be knitted of continuous 150 denier yarn and shall be free from any
chemical treatment or coating that might significantly reduce porosity and permeability.
The knitted fabric sock shall comply with the following physical properties:
Table 948-4
Weight, applied (oz/sq. yd.) 3.5 min ASTM D3887
Grab tensile strength (lbs.) 50 min.* ASTM D5034
Equivalent opening size (EOS No.) 25 min.** Corps of Engineers
CW-02215-77
Burst strength (psi) 100 min.** ASTM D3887
*Tested wet.
**Manufacturer’s certification to meet test requirement.
The knitted fabric sock shall be applied to the tubing in the shop so as to maintain a
uniform applied weight. The tubing with knitted fabric sock shall be delivered to the job site in
such manner as to facilitate handling and incorporation into the work without damage. The
knitted fabric sock shall be stored in UV resistant bags until just prior to installation. Torn or
punctured knitted fabric sock shall not be used.
948-9Repair Systems for Rehabilitation of Pipe and Other Drainage Structures
948-9.1General: Repair systems shall have at least the minimum stiffness required for
the intended application in accordance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
948-9.2Folded Liner: Folded liner shall be manufactured in an out of form state, usually
collapsed circumferentially, and folded on the long axis. After installation in a host structure, the
liner is formed by means of heat and pressure to fit the host structure. When installed, folded
liner shall extend from one structure to the next in one continuous length with no intermediate
joints.
948-9.2.1 Polyethylene: Folded polyethylene liner shall meet the requirements of
ASTM 2718 or ASTM F714 with a minimum cell classification of 335420 and between 2% to
4% carbon black.
948-9.2.2 PVC: Folded PVC liner shall meet the requirements of ASTM F1504
(meet all the requirements for cell classification 12334 or 13223) or ASTM F1871 (meet all the
requirements for cell classification 12111).
948-9.2.3 Cured-In-Place: Folded resin impregnated flexible tubing shall meet
the requirements of ASTM F1216 and ASTM D5813.
948-9.3Prefabricated (Slip) Pipe Liner: When used in slip lining applications,
prefabricated liner shall be round, flexible or semi-rigid liner, manufactured in lengths that may
be joined in a manhole or access pit before insertion in a host pipe.
948-9.3.1 Polyethylene:
ASTM F714 or AASHTO M 326 and shall have a minimum cell classification of 345464 and
between 2% to 4% carbon black.
AASHTO M 294 and shall have a minimum cell classification of 435400 and between 2% to 4%
carbon black. 1078FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents
AASHTO MP 20-13, ASTM F2562 or ASTM F2435 and shall have a minimum cell
classification of 334452 and between 2% to 4% carbon black.
948-9.3.2 PVC:
and shall have a minimum cell classification of 12454.
ASTM F949, or AASHTO M 304 and shall have a minimum cell classification of 12454.
948-9-3.3 Fiberglass: Prefabricated fiberglass pipe liner shall meet the
requirements of ASTM D3262.
948-9.4Spiral-Wound Liner: Spiral-wound liner shall consist of coils of profile strips
or one piece profile strips that are wound directly into a host pipe helically
948-9.4.1 Polyethylene: Polyethylene spiral-wound liner shall meet the
requirements of ASTM F1697 or ASTM F1735, except the resin shall conform to ASTM D3350
with a minimum cell classification of 335420 and between 2% to 4% carbon black.
948-9.4.2 PVC: PVC spiral-wound liner shall meet the requirements of
ASTM F1697 or ASTM F1735 and shall have a minimum cell classification of 12454.
948-9.4.3 Steel Reinforced: Steel reinforced spiral-wound liner shall meet the
requirements of ASTM F1697 or ASTM F1735, except the resin shall conform to ASTM D3350
with a minimum cell classification of 335420 and between 2% to 4% carbon black. The steel
reinforcement shall be fully encapsulated to prevent exposure to corrosive elements.
948-9.5Segmental Panel Liner: Segmental panel liner consists of custom fit flat or
curved panels that are formed to the inside wall of a host structure.
948-9.5.1 Polyethylene: Polyethylene segmental panel liner shall meet the
requirements of ASTM F1735, except the resin shall conform to ASTM D3350 with a minimum
cell classification of 345464 and between 2% to 4% carbon black.
948-9.5.2 PVC: PVC segmental panel liner shall meet the requirements of
ASTM F1735 and shall have a minimum cell classification of 12454.
948-9.6Point Repair Systems: Point repair systems may be used to repair and
rehabilitate an isolated portion of an existing structure and may consist of any materials covered
by this specification. Materials that shall be used as primary components of point repair
apparatus are:
ASTM A167, or ASTM A240
948-9.7Spray Applied Repair Systems: Spray applied repair systems consist of liquid,
slurry, foam or gel that is sprayed over the interior surface or injected into specific locations of
an existing structure or pipe to rehabilitate it, with or without fiber reinforcement. Spray applied
repair system installers shall submit to the Department proof of experience for on-site
supervision and previously completed contracts including the following:
1079FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents
Materials that may be used for spray applied lining are:
requirements of ASTM F2414.
resin material requirements of ASTM F1216.
including: annular backfill, low density cellular concrete, shotcrete, gunite, centrifugally cast,
and pre-packaged grout.
the manufacturer. 1080FY 2023-24Return to Table of Contents MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS FOR MANHOLES, INLETS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
949-1Clay Brick and Shale Brick
This brick shall meet the requirements of ASTM C62, Grade MW or ASTM C32, Grade MM.
949-2Concrete Brick
Concrete brick shall meet the requirements of ASTM C55.
949-3Concrete Masonry Units
Concrete masonry units for use in manholes, inlets and similar structures shall meet the requirements of ASTM C139.
949-4Precast Grade Adjustment Rings
Precast grade adjustmen t rings shall meet the requirements of ASTM C478.
949-5Composite Rubber Adjustment Rings
Composite rubber adjustment rings shall meet the following minimum material requirements:
Table 949-1 Physical Properties Requirements Test Method Density, lb./ft 3 65 ± 5% ASTM D3574-05, Test A Durometer Hardness, Molded Surfaces , Shore A 75A ± 10 ASTM D2240-05 Tensile Strength, psi 145 (minimum) ASTM D412 -06 Ultimate Elongation % 15 ± 5 ASTM D412-06 Compression Deformation %, Initial 6 ± 2 ASTM D575-91(01) Compression Deformation %, Final 6 ± 2 ASTM D575-91(01) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 10x10-5 ± 5x10-5 ASTM E831-05
949-6Acceptance
Submit to the Engineer a certification from the manufacturer stating that the bricks, concrete mas onry units, precast grade adjustment rings or composite rubber adjustment rings meet the requirements of this Section. Acceptance of materials will be in accordance with Section 6.
1081 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Get an email when 948 changes
Florida revises spec sections through supplementals and new editions. We check this one every week and email you the day it changes. Free, no account.