443-1 Description.
Construct french drains , utilizing one of the authorized types of pipe, with coarse aggregate, or ballast rock when specified, and filter fabric.
443-2 Materials.
443-2.1 Pipe: Unless a particular type is specified in the Plans, pipe furnished may be
any of the following types:
1.Concrete Pipe (Bell & Spigot): Slotted or perforated concrete pipe may be used. Meet the requirements of Section 449 for concrete pipe. Do not use g askets. Fully insert the spigot in the bell, and bring home. Conform to Standard Plans, Index 443-001 for slotted pipe. Use perforated pipe having perforations equally located 360 degrees around the pipe. Use pipe having not less than 30 round perforations , 3/8 inch each, per square foot of inside pipe surface. Extend perforations to within 6 inches of the bell or spigot area. The Engineer will permit other perforations not less than 5/16 inch nor more than 3/8 inch in the least dimension if they provide an opening area not less than 3.31 in2/ft2 of pipe surface.
2.Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Culvert Perforated Pipe: Meet the requirements of Section 945. Use perforated pipe having perforations equally located 360 degrees around the pipe. Locate perforations either on the inside crests or on the neutral axis of all corrugations except that perforations are not required within 4 inches of each end of each length of pipe or in a corrugation where seams are located. Provide pipe having not less than 30 round perforations, 3/8 inch each, per square foot of pipe surface. The Engineer will permit other perforations not less than 5/16 inch nor more than 3/8 inch in the least dimension if they provide an opening area not less than 3.31 in2/ft2 of pipe surface.
3.Corrugated Steel Perforated Pipe: Meet the requirements of Section 943. Meet the perforation requirements as specified in (2) above.
4.Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Perforated Pipe: Meet the requirements of Section 943. Meet the perforation require ments as specified in (2) above. Place the perforations prior to the bituminous coating. The Engineer will accept the minimum opening of not less than 3.31 in2/ft2 of pipe if 50% of the opening area is maintained after coating.
5.Corrugated High -Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Perforated Pipe: Meet the requirements of Section 948. Meet the perforation requirements as specified in (2) above.
6.Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Perforated Pipe: Meet the requirements of Section 948. Meet the perforation requirements as specified in (2) above.
7.Corrugated Polypropylene Perforated Pipe: Meet the requirements of Section 948. Meet the perforation requirements as specified in (2) above.
443-2.2 Coarse Aggregate: Meet the requirements of 901 -1.4 for No. 4 stone.
443-2.3 Select Fill: Use select fill meeting the requirements of Section 911.
443-3 Excavating Trench.
Excavate the trench in accordance with Section 125 unless specific trench excavation procedures are described in the Plans. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Carefully excavate the trench to such depths as required to permit the filter fabric, coarse aggregate and the pipe to be placed in accordance with the details shown in the Plans.
443-4 Laying Pipe.
Lay all pipe conforming with the lines and grades specified in the Plans and in accordance with these Specifications. Unless otherwise specified in the Plans, set the pipe with a 36 inch minimum cover and a maximum cover of 66 inches.
443-5 Placing Coarse Aggregate and Backfilling.
After placing the pipe and without disturbing the pipe, care fully place the coarse aggregate around the pipe to a depth shown in the Plans. Fold the filter fabric over the coarse aggregate. Backfill and compact as described below.
443-5.1 French Drains Under Pavement: Fill the area above the coarse aggregate with
select fill material meeting the requirements of this Section. Place and compact the select fill according to the requirements for pipe as specified in Section 125. The Department will allow use of additional coarse aggregate over the top of the pipe inste ad of select fill material. In this case, the filter fabric shall be extended to wrap the additional course aggregate. The top of the coarse aggregate shall not be higher than the bottom of the base, unless shown in the Plans. The Department will not pay a dditional costs associated with substituting coarse aggregate for select fill.
443-5.2 French Drains not Under Pavement: Fill and compact the area above the
coarse aggregate according to the requirements for pipe in Section 125, unless specific procedures are described in the Plans as specified in Section 125.
443-6 Method of Measurement.
The quantity of french drains to be paid for under this Section will be the length in feet, measured in place, completed and accepted as specified on Standard Plans, Index 443-001 for french drains.
443-7 Basis of Payment.
The quantities determined as provided above will be paid for at the Contract unit price per foot for french drains. Such prices and payments will be full compensation for all the work specified in this Section and will include all materials and all excavat ion, and will also include sheeting or shoring, if required, the disposal of surplus material, pavement restoration, backfilling and tamping, but will not include payment for items paid for elsewhere in the specifications. Payment shall be made under: Item No. 443 - 70- French Drains - per foot. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 446 EDGEDRAIN (DRAINCRETE)
446-1 Description.
Construct edgedrain ( draincrete), and edgedrain outlet pipe as shown in the Plans and Standard Plans, Index 446-001. Use any one of the types of pipe listed in 446 -2, unless a particular type is specifically required within the Contract Documents. Use only perforated pipe, and do not use open joints.
446-2 Materials.
Meet the following requirements: Portland Cement Concrete – Class NS* .............Section 347 Coarse Aggregate ................................ ................ Section 901 Portland Cement ................................ .................. Section 921 Water ................................ ................................ ...Section 923 Polyvinyl -Chloride Pipe ................................ ......Section 948 Polyethylene Pipe ................................ ................ Section 948 Filter Fabric** ................................ ..................... Section 985 *For draincrete, the concrete requirements of Section 347 are modified as follows: Use Type I or II portland cement (no supplementary cementitious materials permitted). Composition: Grade of coarse aggregate (stone) .... #57, #67 or #89 Maximum Water/Cement ratio ........................... 0.38 Minimum cement factor ...... 385 lb/yd3 of Draincrete Maximum Slump Range ................... Not Applicable Fine Aggregate ................................ .................. None Admixtures ................................ ........................ None Do not use materials which contain hardened lumps, crusts, or frozen matter, or are contaminated with dissimilar material. **Use products listed on the Department’s Approved Products List (APL).
446-3 Control of Quality.
446-3.1 Concrete Design Mix: Submit the proposed design mix prior to production, on
the Concrete Mix Design form, for the Engineer’s approval. Use only draincrete design mixes having prior approval of the Engineer. Do not change the design mix component materials except as per 446 -3.2. The Department will verify the proposed mix design and may witness the trial batching. Meet the unit weight requirements as determined in accordance with FM 5-530, and the drain rate in accordance with FM 5-570. Also, provide one of the following with the design mix submittal:
1.Evidence from three sets of production data, either from Department acceptance tests or independently verifiable commercial mixes, that draincrete produced in accordance with the proposed design mix meets the requirements of this Section. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 491–492 of 1,299.