650501.04 and crossdrains installed at depths greater than those shown in the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards will be increased 20 percent for each 1-foot increment of increased depth. No adjustment in the contract unit price will be made for an increment of depth of less than 6 inches. The contract unit price shall include removing and replacing pavement in kind when underdrains or crossdrains are to be installed under pavement that is not constructed under the Contract. Prefabricated geocomposite edge drains will be measured in linear feet, complete-in-place, and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. This price shall include furnishing and installing edge drain including connections. Outlet pipe for underdrain, crossdrain, and PGPE systems will be measured in linear feet, complete-in- place, and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. These prices shall include furnishing and installing underdrain and outlet pipe (including couplings, fittings, and plugs), geotextile drainage fabric, aggregate materials, splice kits, inspection ports (if designated), and outlet markers (if used). These prices shall also include excavating or trenching, leveling or filling depressions, backfilling, compaction, disposing of surplus and unsuitable materials, and video inspection. Payment will be made under: ———————————————————————Pay Item Pay Unit———————————————————————Underdrain (Standard) Linear foot Crossdrain (Standard) Linear foot PGPE (Standard) Linear foot Outlet pipe Linear foot——————————————————————— SECTION 502—INCIDENTAL CONCRETE ITEMS
502.01 Description
This work shall consist of constructing concrete curbs and paved ditches and hydraulic cement concrete gutters, combination curbs and gutters, paved flumes, bridge drainage aprons and chutes, concrete median barriers, median strips, sign islands, and directional island curbs in accordance with these specifications and in conformity to the lines and grades shown on the plans or as established by the Engineer.
502.02 Materials
a.Hydraulic cement concrete shall conform to Section 217. The design of the mixture may be modified, with the Engineer’ s approval, to accommodate the placement equipment to be used.
b.Asphalt concrete shall conform to Section 211.
c.Preformed joint filler shall conform to Section 212. Material shall be approximately 1/2 inch in thickness and shall have a width and depth equal to those of the incidental structure.
d.Curing materials shall conform to Section 220. 651502.03
e.Reinforcing steel shall conform to Section 223, Grade 40 or 60.
f.Rubble stone shall conform to Section 205.
g.Grout shall conform to Section 218.
h.Foundation course shall be aggregate No. 68 conforming to Section 203.
i.Dry filler shall consist of aggregate conforming to Section 202 or 203, as applicable.
j.Seed shall conform to Section 244.
k.Topsoil shall conform to Section 244.
502.03 Procedures
The Contractor shall construct the foundation for the proposed item to the required elevation. Unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced as directed by the Engineer. The subgrade shall be thoroughly compacted and shaped to provide a uniformly smooth bearing surface. The foundation for hydraulic cement concrete items shall conform to the specified density of the course and shall be moist when concrete is placed. Immediately following finishing operations, hydraulic cement concrete shall be cured and protected in accordance with Section 316.04.
a.Fixed Forms Requirements: Fixed forms shall be straight, warp free, and of such construction that the Engineer will not experience any interference or obstruction with his inspection of grade and alignment. Forms shall be constructed to extend the entire depth of the item and shall be braced and secured so that no deflection from alignment or grade will occur during concrete placement. Radial forms shall be sufficiently flexible or otherwise designed to provide a smooth, uniform, curved surface of the required radius. Face forms shall be removed as soon as concrete has attained sufficient set for the curb to stand without slumping. The exposed surface shall then be smoothed by the use of a suitable finishing tool. The Contractor shall provide transverse joints for crack control for fixed forms at the following locations:
1.at approximately 20-foot intervals
2.at the gutter where the curb and gutter tie to the gutter apron of drop inlets
3.when the time elapsing between consecutive concrete placements exceeds 45 minutes
4.where no section shall be less than 6 feet in length. Crack control joints may be formed by using one of the following methods:
a.removable 1/8-inch-thick templates
b.scoring or sawing for a depth of not less than 3/4 inch when using curb machine 652502.03
c.approved “leave-in” type insert
d.may be formed or created using other Department approved methods which will successfully induce and control the location and shape of the transverse cracks. The joint at the gutter where the curb and gutter ties to the apron gutter of the drop inlet shall be formed by scoring or sawing. The Contractor shall form expansion joints at intervals of approximately 100 feet, at all radii points at concrete entrances and curb returns, and at locations no less than 6 feet and no more than 10 feet from drop inlets. Hydraulic cement concrete shall be sufficiently consolidated to produce a uniform, closed smooth surface. Edges shall be rounded to a 1/4-inch radius. Exposed surfaces, except concrete median barrier immediately adjacent to the roadway, shall be given a light broom finish. Concrete median barrier shall be given a Class 1 finish in accordance with Section 404.07(a). Paved ditches and paved flumes shall be given a coarse or roughened texture. Other exposed surfaces shall be given a rough wood float finish. Mortar used in the correction of surface irregularities shall conform to Section 218.
b.Slipform Requirements: The Engineer will allow the Contractor to slipform incidental concrete items provided the following conditions are met. Approval by the Engineer to allow the Contractor the option of slipforming concrete items is permissive only, and in no way relieves the Contractor from his responsibility to comply with the contract requirements and conditions. Slipform equipment shall produce a product equal to or better than that produced by fixed form construction. Equipment for slipforming operations shall be designed or engineered to form the type of construction design for which its use is intended. Where equipment has been modified to such an extent that its use is questionable, the Contractor may be required at his expense to demon - strate to the Engineer’ s satisfaction that the equipment can consistently produce the desired type of construction. The slipform equipment shall be self-propelled and shall be equipped to receive, consolidate, form, extrude, and finish the freshly placed concrete in such a manner that a minimum of hand finishing is required to produce a dense, consolidated, homogenous end product. Slipform equipment shall be controlled to line and grade by automatic sensing, guidance, and control devices such that the machine automatically senses and follows taut guidelines or other stable reference, performing any necessary corrective action to ensure the correct grade and alignment are achieved. The Contractor shall ensure the slipform operation is planned to result in the full cross section and grade of the desired design at the beginning and end of the placement. Slipform equipment shall operate with a continuous forward movement. The Contractor shall plan and stage the work to eliminate the need for the slipform machine to be stopped during placement operations. If for any reason it is absolutely necessary to stop the forward progress of the machine, operation of the vibrating and tamping elements shall be stopped immediately. If the results of the slipform operation are unsatisfactory, the Engineer will not permit the continued use of the equipment. Concrete for use in slipform operations may be manufactured with a slump as low as zero. The top of the slump range shall conform to the requirements for the class of concrete specified on the plans or special provisions in accordance with Section 217. The concrete shall have properties that consistently maintain workability and the cross section, line, and grade of the proposed design or 653502.03 product. Concrete shall be finished to a light broom finish. If water is held back to maintain the desired slump, it may be added in increments provided the maximum water per cubic yard has not been exceeded and a minimum of 30 revolutions at mixing speed is used for complete mixing. Where reinforcing steel is incorporated into the proposed design, it shall be uncoated steel conform - ing to Section 223. Reinforcing steel shall be tied at 100 percent of the bar intersections and shall be sufficiently strengthened with braces, additional reinforcement, or chairs to make the reinforcement cage rigid so as to prevent any movement during concrete placement. The Engineer will suspend the work if the reinforcing steel exhibits any movement during concrete placement using slipforming methods, until the reinforcing steel has been sufficiently tied and stabilized to the Engineer’ s satis - faction. The reinforcing steel shall be continuous from fixed object to fixed object. All reinforcing steel shall have the appropriate amount of concrete cover for the particular design with a tolerance of – 0 or + ½ inch. In no case shall the amount of cover be less than 1 ½ inches. Placing reinforcing steel in freshly placed concrete is not permitted. Extrusions shall be of the full cross section of the designed item and multiple placements will be allowed based on the permissible construction joints as noted in the plans or standard drawings. Where weep holes are part of the proposed median barrier design, the Contractor shall use 6-inch- diameter underdrain pipe in lieu of weep holes. The Contractor shall install underdrain pipe con - forming to Section 232 at the grade at the bottom of the footing and shall terminate the underdrain pipe in catch basins or drop inlets. Where naturally occurring vertical contraction cracking occurs and where there exists a grade separation on each side of the barrier, the Contractor shall install a waterproofing membrane conforming to Section 213, spanning 1 ½ feet on each side of the contraction crack at the back surface of the higher grade side of the barrier to prevent water from passing through the barrier. The Contractor shall install expansion joint material 1 ½-inch thick adjacent to each fixed object. Expansion material shall be placed against each fixed object prior to placement of the slipformed concrete. The Engineer will not require the construction of contraction joints with slipformed operations provided the reinforcing steel is continuous from fixed object to fixed object.
c.Individual Item Requirements:
1.Hydraulic Cement Concrete Curbs, Gutters, Combination Curbs and Gutters, Paved Ditches, and Paved Flumes: The Contractor shall modify adjacent curbs of standard entrance gutter and standard connection for streets to provide a mountable shape corresponding to the standard mountable shape where standard mountable curb or combination curb and gutter with mountable curb is specified on the plans. The Contractor shall install the curb simultaneously with or immediately after placement of the slab where integral curb is specified. The time period between slab and curb placement shall be not more than 45 minutes except as specified hereinafter. The surface area of the slab on which the curb is to be placed shall be roughened, and the concrete shall be placed so as to form and ensure a bond between the slab and curb. If authorized by the Engineer the Contractor may construct the integral curb by embedding 7 inch long, 5/8 inch diameter steel dowels, in the slab at 1-foot intervals. Dowels shall be located and placed so as to extend at least 2 inches into the curb. While the slab is still plastic, it shall be rough - ened to a depth of approximately ½ inch below the screeded surface for the full width of the curb. 654502.03 The face and top of curbs (curbs only and the curb portions of curb and gutter) shall mirror the alignment and profile grade of the corresponding roadway as established in the plans and shall not deviate more than 3/8 inch between any two points 10 feet apart measured along the tangent or radial portion of the roadway. Vertical alignment shall be uniform and true to line and grade as to ensure complete drainage of the roadway. Any curb, gutter, or combination curb and gutter, except those on structures, may be placed by the slipform method provided the finished product is true to line, cross section, and grade and the resultant concrete is dense and has the required surface texture. The concrete shall be of such quality and consistency that it will maintain the desired shape or cross section of the design without support. Where concrete curb or curb and gutter is placed over existing pavement, it shall be anchored to the existing pavement either by placing steel dowels and reinforcing steel or by using a Department approved adhesive designed and manufactured for such use. Steel dowels shall be firmly mortared with 1:1 Portland cement and sand mortar in holes drilled in the pavement. If the Contractor uses an adhesive, the surface of the pavement shall be thoroughly cleaned according to the adhesive manufacturer’ s recommendations before the adhesive is applied. Adhesive shall be EP-4 epoxy resin, a two-component system conforming to Section 243. The surface area of the pavement shall be cleaned by either blast cleaning or wire brushing so that the prepared surface is free of dust, loose material, oil, or any other material that may prove deleterious to bonding. The grade for the top of the extruded curb shall be indicated by an offset guideline set by the Contractor from survey information supplied by the Department or generated by the Contractor’ s survey information. The forming tube portion of the extrusion machine shall be readily adjustable vertically to accommodate, when necessary, a variable height of curb conforming to the predetermined curb grade line. A grade line gage or pointer shall be attached to the machine to monitor the elevation of the curb being placed against the established grade line so as to make corrective adjustments as necessary during placement. In lieu of a grade line gage or pointer, the extrusion machine may be operated on rails or forms set to produce the predetermined finished grade line for the curbing. The Contractor shall ensure that concrete be continuously fed to the slipforming machine at a uniform rate. The machine shall be operated under sufficient uniform restraint of forward motion so as to produce a well-compacted homogenous mass of concrete free from surface pits larger than ¼ inch in diameter and requiring no further finishing other than light brushing with a broom. The Engineer will not permit finishing with a brush application of grout. Expansion joints shall be constructed as specified for fixed formed curbing or shall be constructed by sawing through the curb section to its full depth. The width of the cut shall be such to allow the insertion of the joint filler with a snug fit. If sawing is performed before the concrete has hardened, the adjacent portions of the curb shall be supported firmly with close fitting shields. The operations of sawing and inserting the joint filler shall be completed before the start of concrete curing procedures. If sawing is performed after the concrete has hardened, the joint filler shall be mortared in place with heavy trowel pressure. After sawing is performed, all exposed portions of the curb in the vicinity of the joint shall be covered with another application of curing compound. At the conclusion of the curing period, the filler in each sawn joint shall be checked for tightness of fit. Any loose filler shall be mortared in place again and cured. 655502.03 Within 3 to 7 days after concrete placement, the Contractor shall carefully backfill curb, gutter, and combination curb and gutter to the required elevation with approved material. Backfill material shall be compacted with curbs and gutters remaining plumb, in their correct alignment and true to grade.
2.Asphalt Concrete Curbs and Paved Ditches: The Contractor shall install curb on a clean dry surface. The Contractor shall apply a tack coat of asphalt to the surface to receive the asphalt concrete curb at a rate between 0.05 and 0.15 gallon per square yard of surface area immediately prior to placement of the asphalt mixture. Asphalt tack coat shall be prevented from spreading outside the area to be occupied by the curb. Asphalt concrete curb shall be placed by a self-propelled automatic curb machine or a paver having curbing attachments to form a satisfactorily compacted curb of a uniform texture, shape, and density. The Engineer may permit construction of curbs by other means when short sections or sections with short radii are required. The resulting curbs shall conform in all respects to curbs produced by a curb machine to be considered acceptable. Sealing or painting shall be performed only on curbs that are clean, dry, and cooled to ambient temperature. Asphalt concrete paved ditches shall be placed and compacted so as to provide a ditch having a smooth, uniform, and dense texture of the required alignment and grade.
3.Grouted Rubble Gutter: The Contractor shall spread aggregate for the foundation course on the subgrade to a depth of at least 4 inches. Gutter stones shall be bedded in the foundation course perpendicular to the finished surface, flat side up, in straight rows, with the longest dimension perpendicular to the centerline of the gutter. Joints shall be broken in a satisfactory manner, and the width of interstices in the dry gutter shall be not more than 1 inch. Stones shall be rammed until the surface is firm and conforms to the finished grade and cross section. Joints shall then be filled with dry filler to within 4 inches of the top of stones, and the surface shall be rammed to ensure proper compaction of filler. After irregularities have been corrected, cement grout shall be poured and broomed into joints and over stones. Additional grout shall be applied and brooming shall be continued until finished grout remains flush with the top of stones.
4.Concrete Median Barriers: Concrete median barriers shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements specified herein and in Sections 512, 404, and 410 as applicable. Concrete median barriers shall be constructed within an allowable tolerance of ½ inch for overall depth and overall width, ¼ inch for the width of the upper portion of the barrier, and ¼ inch per 10 feet for horizontal alignment. The Contractor shall backfill concrete median barriers for roadways to the required elevation with approved material after the specified curing time has elapsed. Where crushed glass is used as porous backfill an 18-inch by 18-inch swatch of drainage fabric conforming to Section 245.03(c) shall be used to cover the #4 mesh at each weep hole opening exposed directly to crushed glass, or as approved by the Engineer. Crushed glass shall be capped with concrete in accordance with the details shown on the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards, or a minimum 656502.03 of 6 inches of approved soil or aggregate material. Crushed glass shall not be used as porous backfill directly beneath paved surfaces for barrier applications. Material shall be thoroughly tamped in layers not more than 6 inches in depth before compaction. Delineators shall be installed on median barriers in accordance with Section 702.03.
d.Saw Cut Hydraulic Cement Concrete Items: This work shall consist of the Contractor saw cutting hydraulic cement concrete curb, sidewalk, and entrances to the length and depth as shown on the plans and as directed by the Engineer.
502.04 Measurement and Payment
Standard concrete curbs, radial curbs, standard combination curb and gutter, radial combination curb and gutter, and asphalt concrete curbs will be measured in linear feet along the face of the curb and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the type and standard specified. The price shall include modifying curbs or curb and gutters to transition with standard entrance gutters, standard street connection pavement, and standard median strips. Where the curb or curb and gutter is adjacent to drop inlets, the contract unit price for the drop inlets shall include that part of the curb or curb and gutter within the limits of the structure. Where there is no other excavation within the limits of the curb, gutter, combination curb and gutter, or median barrier other than that necessary for its construction, the contract unit price shall include excavating, backfilling, compacting, and disposing of surplus and unsuitable material. Where excavation is necessary for the roadway, the part of excavation within the limits of the curb, gutter, combination curb and gutter, or median barrier section will be paid for as regular excavation in accordance with Section 303.06. Standard, radial, entrance, and grouted rubble gutters; paved ditches; paved flumes; street connec - tion pavement; and bridge drainage aprons and chutes will be measured in square yards of surface area and will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for the type and\or Standard specified. The price for grouted rubble gutter shall include rubble stone, grout, foundation course, and filler. When pipe drain ditch liner is substituted for standard paved ditch at the Contractor’ s option, payment will be made at the contract unit price for the standard paved ditch specified on the plans. When pipe drain ditch liner is specified on the plans, payment will be made at the contract unit price per linear foot, complete- in-place. The cost of excavation below the finished grade or below the slope surface of cut or fill sections that is necessary for installing and backfilling paved ditches and flumes shall be included in the contract unit price for the paved ditch or flume. Undercut excavation below the neat lines of paved ditches in cut sections, including replacement backfill for undercut excavation and excavation above the upper lateral limits of paved ditches and paved flumes that are outside the normal plan earthwork limits, will be measured and paid for in accordance with Section 303.06 as applicable. Cattle guards will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. Energy dissipators will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. Median barriers will be measured in linear feet along the centerline of barriers and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for the Standard specified. Unless otherwise specified, this price shall include furnishing and placing delineators, aggregate, excavation, backfill, weep hole covering material, concrete cap, dowels, and joint sealer. 657502.04 Curb-cut ramps will not be measured for separate payment but will be measured in the units specified for the construction of their components. Median strips will be measured in square yards or linear feet for the type specified and will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard or linear foot. Sign islands will be measured in units of each or square yards exclusive of posts and signs and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each or per square yard. Directional island curbs will be measured in linear feet along the face of the curb and will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. Embankment material between curb lines will be measured and paid for in accordance with Section
303.06 except as follows.
When there is no excavation or construction other than that necessary for constructing median strips, sign islands, or directional island curbs, the contract unit price shall include excavating, removing existing pavement, disposing of surplus and unsuitable material, backfilling, and compacting. When excavation or demolition of pavement is necessary for the adjoining roadway, that portion within the limits of the median strip, sign island, or directional island curb will be paid for as regular excavation or demolition of pavement as appropriate in accordance with Sections 303.06 and 508.03, respectively. These prices shall include furnishing and applying topsoil and seed to stabilize the area. Ditch flume connector will be measured in units of each and will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. This price shall include excavation when required, dowels, welded wire fabric, reinforcing steel, anchor lugs, curtain walls, and concrete. Saw cut hydraulic cement concrete items will be measured in linear feet and paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot to the depth specified. This price will be considered full compensation for saw cutting to the depth specified and protection of adjacent surfaces. Payment will be made under: —————————————————————————————————————Pay Item Pay Unit—————————————————————————————————————Curb (Type and standard) Linear foot Combination curb and gutter (Type and standard) Linear foot Gutter (Type and standard) Square yard Paved ditch (Standard) Square yard Pipe drain ditch liner (Standard) Linear foot Paved flume (Standard) Square yard Energy dissipator (Standard) Each Entrance gutter (Standard) Square yard Street connection pavement (Standard) Square yard Median barrier (Standard) Linear foot Bridge drainage apron and chute (Standard) Square yard Median strip (Standard width) Square yard or Linear foot Sign island (Standard) Each or Square yard Directional island curb (Standard) Linear foot Cattle guard (Standard) Each Ditch flume connector (Standard) Each Saw cut hydraulic cement concrete items (Depth) Linear foot————————————————————————————————————— 658503.01 SECTION 503—CONTRACTOR BOUNDARY SURVEYING
503.01 Description
This work shall consist of the Contractor providing boundary surveying and right of way monumentation performed in accordance with Section 517, the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards, the VDOT Survey Manual, and this specification for property affected by this Contract. The Contractor shall ensure this work is performed by or under the direct responsibility, control and personal supervision of a Land Surveyor holding a valid license to practice surveying in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Boundary surveying will be performed by the Department when not specified in the Contract to be provided by the Contractor.
503.02 Materials
Right of way monuments shall conform to Section 219.
503.03 Procedures
a.Boundary surveying shall include final locating of existing right of way monuments and boundary lines, final boundary stakeout, setting hub and tack for installing RM-1 right of way monuments, setting RM-2 right of way monuments and setting approved alternate monuments as detailed in this specification. Boundary surveying shall only apply to location, stakeout, and monumentation for property affected by this Contract. For the purpose of this specification “setting” shall include all surveying procedures necessary up to installing the actual right of way monument.
b.Right of way monuments: Final right of way monumentation shall be provided by the Contractor in accordance with this specification and the following:
1.RM-1: The Contractor shall furnish and install RM-1 right of way monuments in accordance with the Standard Drawings.
2.RM-2: The Contractor shall furnish and install RM-2 right of way monuments and locator posts, in accordance with the Standard Drawings. The Department will furnish the required caps which the Contractor shall install.
3.Alternate monumentation: If the Contractor determines that RM-1 or RM-2 monuments are unsuitable for marking the right of way at various locations the Contractor shall request an alternative form of permanent monumentation from the Engineer. If the Engineer approves the request, the Contractor shall furnish and install such. If the Engineer determines RM-1 or RM-2 monuments are sufficient or specifies a different alternative form, the Contractor shall furnish and install the monument specified by the Engineer. The Contractor shall indicate this alternative monument usage on the final as-built plan in accordance with the Department Survey Manual.
4.Monument excavation and backfill: Monument excavation shall be kept to the minimum for installation so as minimize the disturbance of in-situ material and compaction and backfill efforts. Backfill shall be thoroughly compacted in a manner that will not displace the monument.
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 678–685 of 1,065.