185tor’ s placement procedures, surface appearance of the mix, compaction patterns of the Contractor’ s roller(s), and correlation of the nuclear density device.
b.Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA): At the start of production of a mix not previously used on a state roadway, the Contractor shall place 100 to 300 tons or up to one day’ s production as directed by the Engineer at an approved site, which may be the project site, so the Engineer can examine the process control of the mixing plant, the Contractor’ s placement procedures, surface appearance of the mix, compaction patterns of the Contractor’ s roller(s), and correlation of the nuclear density device. The material shall be placed at the specified application rate. The Engineer will determine the disposition of material that was not successfully produced and/or placed due to negligence in planning, production, or placement by the Contractor. SECTION 212—JOINT MATERIALS
212.01 Description
These specifications cover resilient products made from various materials that are designed to accommo - date the movement of rigid structures, such as component parts of hydraulic cement concrete, and seal the joint from intrusion of water or incompressibles.
212.02 Detail Requirements
a.Hot-poured joint sealer shall be heated in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.
1.Asphalt sealer shall conform to ASTM D6690, Type II.
2.Elastomeric joint sealer shall conform to ASTM D3406 and shall only be used for longitudinal joints.
b.Silicone sealants shall be furnished in a one- or two-part formulation. The sealant shall be compatible with the surface to which it is applied. Acid-cure sealants are not acceptable for use on hydraulic cement concrete. Bond breakers shall be chemically inert and resistant to petroleum products, solvents, and primers. Silicone sealants are identified in the following manner:
1.Class A: A low-modulus non-sag silicone for use in sealing horizontal and vertical joints in hydraulic concrete pavements and structures. Tooling is required.
2.Class B: A very-low-modulus self-leveling silicone used to seal horizontal joints in hydraulic cement concrete pavements and structures. Tooling is not normally required.
3.Class C: An ultra-low-modulus self-leveling silicone used to seal horizontal joints in hydraulic cement concrete pavements and structures. It can also be used to seal the joints between hydraulic cement concrete pavement and asphaltic concrete shoulders. Tooling is not normally required.212.02 186 4. Class D: An ultra-low-modulus self-leveling rapid-curing two-part silicone used to seal expan- sion joints on bridge decks. It can also be used to seal joints subject to dynamic movements where rapid curing is necessary. Tooling is not normally required. Silicone sealants shall conform to the following physical requirements: Sealant Class Properties Test Method A B C D Tensile stress at 150% strain ASTM C1135 45 40 15 25 (max. psi) (Note 1) Durometer hardness, Shore ASTM D2240 “A” “00” “00” “00” (0° and 77° ± 3°F) (Note 1) 10-25 40-80 20-80 40-80 Bond to concrete mortar VTM-90 50 40 35 35 (min. psi) (Notes 1 and 3) Tack-free time (skin-over) VTM-90 (Note 4) 180 180 180 30 (max. min) (Note 2) Extrusion rate (min. g/min) VTM-90 75 90 100 200 Non-volatile (min. %) VTM-90 90 90 90 90 specific gravity ASTM D792 1.1-1.5 1.1-1.5 1.1-1.5 1.2-1.5 (Method A) Shelf life (from date of shipment) 6 mo 6 mo 6 mo 6 mo Movement capability and VTM-90 No adhesive or cohesive failure adhesion (Note 1) after 10 cycles at 0°F Ozone and UV resistance (Note 1) ASTM No chalking, cracking, or bond C-793-75 loss after 5,000 hr Note 1: The cure time for these specimens shall be 21 days for Class A and 28 days for Classes B and C. Specimens shall be cured at 77° ± 3°F and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. Note 2: At conditions of 77° ± 3°F and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. Note 3: Class C silicone shall also attain its bond strength requirement to asphalt concrete. Note 4: In cases of dispute, ASTM D2377 shall be used as a referee test. The exposure period in Section 7, Procedure, shall be the tack-free time requirement of this specification. Bond breakers: shall not stain or adhere to the sealant. Bond breakers shall be either a backer rod or tape identified and used in accordance with the following:
1.Backer Rods: Type L: A closed-cell expanded polyethylene foam backer rod. This backer rod may only be used with Class A silicone and is suitable for roadway and structure joints. Type M: A closed-cell polyolefin foam backer rod that has a closed-cell skin over an open-cell core. This backer rod may be used with all three types of sealants and is suitable for use in roadway and structure joints. Backer rods shall conform to the following requirements:212.02 187 Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Density ASTM D1622 Min. 2.0 lb/ft3 Tensile strength ASTM D1623 Min. 25 psi Water absorption ASTM C509 Max. 0.5% by volume
2.Bond Breaking Tape Type N shall be made from extruded polyethylene and shall have a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side. Bond breaking tape may be used with all three types of sealants but is suitable for structure joints only. Bond breaking tape shall be not less than 0.005-inch thick. The manufacturer of the joint sealant shall furnish certified test results on each lot of sealant furnished to a project. The certified test results shall include all test results except the bond to concrete mortar and shore durometer hardness at 0 degrees F . The Engineer will only approve for use those silicone sealants that appear on the latest Approved Products list published by the Department’ s Materials Division. The Department will not approve silicone sealants meeting the material requirements of this specification submitted for initial approval for general use until field evaluations are completed. The material shall be installed in roadway or bridge joints and must go through two winters without failure before being approved. After such evaluation and approval, the material will be placed on the Department’ s Approved Products list. The Department will reject any sealant or bond breaker that fails to perform adequately in actual use even though a sealant or bond breaker has been previously evaluated and approved.
c.Preformed expansion joint filler shall conform to AASHTO M213.
d.Expanded rubber joint filler shall conform to ASTM D1056. Unless otherwise specified, Grades 2A3, 2A4, or 2A5 shall be furnished.
e.Preformed neoprene (polychloroprene) seals shall conform to ASTM D1056, Grade 2B3. (Modifi- cation requires that material be manufactured from neoprene.)
f.PVC and PE joint fillers shall conform to ASTM D1667. Grades VE-43 BL to VE-45 BL shall be furnished. The manufacturer shall recommend adhesives for use with this material.
g.Sponge rubber joint filler shall conform to AASHTO M153, Type I. When used in conjunction with bridge bearings, the load required to compress the test specimen to 50 percent of its thickness before the test shall be not more than 100 pounds per square inch.
h.Gaskets for pipe and box culvert sections shall conform to the following: Rubber gaskets for ductile iron pipe and fittings shall conform to AWWA C111. Rubber gaskets for concrete and metal pipe shall conform to ASTM C443. Rubber gaskets for plastic pipe shall conform to ASTM F 477. Flexible cellular sponge or expanded rubber gaskets for metal pipe shall conform to ASTM D1056. Gaskets for box culvert sections shall conform to ASTM C1677. All gaskets shall conform to the ozone cracking resistance described in Section 237.02 of the Specifications.212.02 188(i) Preformed flexible joint sealants for concrete pipe, manholes and box culvert sections for use in storm sewers or culverts not intended to operate under pressure or subject to infiltration or exfiltra - tion limits shall conform to ASTM C990.
j.Preformed elastomeric joint sealer shall be a vulcanized elastomeric compound in which noncrystal- lizing neoprene is used as the sole polymer. Sealer shall be resilient and resistant to heat, oil, and ozone. The seal shall conform to the following as evidenced by samples cut from the finished product: Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Tensile strength ASTM D412 2,000 psi min. Elongation at break ASTM D412 250% min. Hardness (durometer, Shore A) ASTM D2240 55 ± 5 Tensile strength (change) After Oven aging ASTM D412 –30% max. (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Elongation (change) After Oven aging ASTM D412 –40% max. at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Hardness (points change) After Oven aging ASTM D2240 +10% max. (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 Ozone resistance (20% strain, 100 pphm in ASTM D1149 No cracks air, 300 hr at 104°F) (wipe with solvent to remove surface contamination) High-temperature recovery (72 hr at VTM-3 85% (no web 212°F under 50% deflection) adhesion or cracks) Low-temperature recovery (72 hr at VTM-3 87% 14°F under 50% deflection) Low-temperature recovery (22 hr at VTM-3 82% –20°F under 50% deflection) When tested at a temperature of 70 ± 5 degrees F , the seal shall also conform to the following: Use Deflection Based on Nominal Width (%) Pressure (psi) Pavement 20 Min. 3 50 Max. 15 Structure 20 Min. 4 50 Max. 40 After aging at 212 degrees F for 70 hours at 50 percent deflection, the seal shall conform to the following: Use Deflection Based on Nominal Width (%) Pressure (psi) Pavement 20 Min. 1.0 50 Max. 15 Structure 20 Min. 1.5 50 Max. 40212.02 189Lubricant adhesive shall be a one-component polyurethane compound with an aromatic hydro- carbon solvent and shall conform to the physical properties of ASTM D4070. Lubricant for pavement seals shall conform to ASTM D2835.
k.Elastomeric Expansion Dam and Tooth Expansion Joint: The elastomeric sheet gland material shall be virgin ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or virgin polychloroprene. The elasto - meric material shall have the following physical properties: Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Tensile strength ASTM D412 1,500 psi min. Elongation at break ASTM D412 175% min. Low-temperature brittleness ASTM D746 Not brittle at –40°F Oil deterioration (no requirement for EPDM ASTM D471 120% max. material), volume increase after 70-hr immersion in ASTM Oil No. 3 at 212°F Ozone resistance: exposure to 100 pphm ozone ASTM D1149 No cracks in air for 70 hr at 100°F under 20% strain Hardness, Durometer A ASTM D2240 50-60 The elastomeric strip seal gland material shall be preformed, non-reinforced, polychloroprene and shall have the properties listed in Table II-16D.
1.Steel portion of expansion dam shall conform to ASTM A709, Grade 36.
2.Deformed reinforcing steel bars shall conform to ASTM A615, Grade 60.
3.Lubricant adhesive shall be a one-part moisture-curing polyurethane compound conforming ASTM D4070.
4.Fabric reinforcement shall be nonwicking woven polyester material.
5.Bolts, nuts, and washers shall conform to ASTM A276, Type 304 Stainless Steel.
6.Flathead screws shall conform to ASTM F 738, Type 304 Stainless Steel.
7.Stud anchors shall conform to Section 226.02(d).
8.Special configurations such as doglegs, tees, and crosses in the elastomeric strip seal gland shall be shop fabricated in a mold under heat and pressure.212.02 190 TABLE II-16D Required Properties Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Tensile strength ASTM D412 2,000 psi min. Elongation at break ASTM D412 250% min. Hardness, Durometer A, points ASTM D2240 60 ± 5 (Modified)1,2 Tensile strength, loss after Oven aging, ASTM D412 20% max. 70 hr at 212°F IAW ASTM D573 Elongation, loss after Oven aging, 70 hr ASTM D412 20% max. at 212°F IAW ASTM D573 Hardness, Durometer A, points After Oven ASTM D2240 0 to +10 aging (70 hr at 212°F) IAW ASTM D573 (Modified)1,2 Oil swell, ASTM Oil No. 3, 70 hr at ASTM D471 45% max. 212°F (100°C), weight change Ozone resistance, 20% strain, 300 ASTM D1149 No cracks pphm in air, 70 hr at 104°F (40°C) (Modified)3 Low-temperature stiffening, 7 days at 14°F ASTM D2240 0 to +15 (10°C), hardness, Durometer A, points change (Modified)1,2 Compression set, 70 hr at 212°F (100°C) ASTM D395 40% max. (Modified)1 1The term modified relates to the specimen preparation. The use of the strip seal as the specimen source requires that more plies than specified in either modified test procedure be used. Such specimen modification shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and producer or supplier prior to testing. 2The hardness test shall be performed with the durometer in a durometer stand as specified in ASTM D2240. 3Test in accordance with ASTM D518, Procedure A. Ozone concentration is expressed in pphm.
l.Pressure relief joint material shall conform to ASTM D3204.
m.Waterstops shall conform to the following:
1.Metal: Sheet copper shall conform to Section 230.
2.Nonmetallic Waterstops: Nonmetallic waterstops shall be manufactured from neoprene or PVC. Manufacturer’ s shop splices shall be fully vulcanized.
a.Neoprene waterstops shall be manufactured from a vulcanized elastomeric compound containing neoprene as the sole elastomer and shall conform to the following: Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Tensile strength ASTM D412 Min. 2,000 psi Elongation at break ASTM D412 Min. 300% Ozone resistance (20% strain, ASTM D1149 (except No cracks 100 hr at 100 ± 2°F) (except 100 ± 20 pphm) Oil swell (ASTM No. 3 Oil, 70 ASTM D471 Max. 80% hr at 212°F , volume change)212.02 191 After accelerated aging in accordance with ASTM D573 for 70 hours at 212 degrees F , the elastomer shall not show a change in tensile strength of more than 15 percent or a change in the elongation at break of more than 40 percent.
b.PVC waterstops shall be manufactured from PVC conforming to the U.S. Corps of Engineers Specification CRD-C 572 and shall conform to the ozone resistance as required for neoprene waterstops. The manufacturer shall furnish a certificate verifying compli - ance with the performance requirements specified under paragraph 6 of CRD-C 572 with the test sample supplied.
n.Traffic loop sealant material shall be an epoxy-resin system, a polyester system, or rubberized asphalt designed specifically to conform to the physical properties for sealing traffic loop pavement cuts. The system shall bond to either hydraulic cement concrete or asphalt concrete, be unaffected by environmental conditions, and have a dielectric strength sufficient to allow the traffic loop to operate as intended. The viscosity of the mixture shall be such that the mixture is easily pourable into the saw slot and sufficiently flowable to encase the electrical wiring.
1.The epoxy-resin system shall be a two-component material conforming to the following based on the epoxy without sand, except for the cure time requirement: Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Pot life at 77 °F ASTM C881, Para. 11.2 Min. 12 min Initial cure time at 77°F Max. 60 min Hardness, Shore D ASTM D2240 25-65 Elongation ASTM D638 Min. 50% Water absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.5% 3% NaCl absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.5% ASTM No. 3 Oil absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.1% Gasoline absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 1.0% The sand used in the epoxy-resin system shall conform to the following grading requirements: Sieve No . % Passing 16 100 30 95 ± 5 100 Max. 10 200 Max. 3
2.The polyester system shall be a two-component material conforming to the following: Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Pot life at 77°F ASTM C881, Para. 11.2 Min. 12 min Initial cure time at 77°F Max. 45 min Hardness, Shore D ASTM D2240 25-65 Elongation ASTM D638 Min. 15% Water absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.2% 3% NaCl absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.2% ASTM No. 3 Oil absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.02% Gasoline absorption (24 hr) ASTM D570 Max. 0.8%212.02 192 3. Rubberized asphalt (two-component) shall conform to the following: Test Physical Property Procedures Requirements Pot life at 77 °F Min. 25 min Initial cure time at 77°F Max. 60 min Hardness, Shore A ASTM D2240 Max. 20 Flow at 140°F (5 hr) ASTM D1851 No flow Bond at 0°F (3 cycles) ASTM D1851 Min. 50% of original width Water absorption (72 hr) Max. 0.1% ASTM No. 3 Oil absorption (24 hr) Max. 0.1% SECTION 213—DAMP-PROOFING AND W ATERPROOFING MATERIALS
213.01 Description
These specifications cover materials, generally asphalt based, that are intended to prevent or delay the passage of water, usually through a section of hydraulic cement concrete.
213.02 Detail Requirements
a.Asphalt shall conform to ASTM D312 Type II and shall be free of asbestos. Primer shall conform to AASHTO M140, Types SS-1h, QS-1H, or AASHTO M208, Types CSS-1h, CQS-1h.
b.Fabric shall conform to AASHTO M288. When cotton fabric is used, it shall be saturated with asphalt. Glass fiber shall conform to ASTM D1668.
c.Joint sealers for horizontal joints shall be a viscosity grade, AC-40 asphalt cement, conforming to Section 210. Sealers for vertical joints shall have fiber added, 20 percent by weight. The manufactur - er shall provide a factory mixed vertical joint sealer to ensure a uniform mixture.
d.Membrane shall conform to ASTM D6153. SECTION 214—HYDRAULIC CEMENT
214.01 Description
These specifications cover cements that harden when mixed with water. The various types have special characteristics to be used as denoted in other parts of these specifications and on the plans or in other Contract documents.212.02
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 213–219 of 1,065.