223SECTION 225—STEEL FORGINGS AND STEEL SHAFTING
225.01 Description
These specifications cover steel items specifically designed for a particular bridge structure and generally used where movement of a part of the structure is involved.
225.02 Detail Requirements
a.Steel forgings shall conform to ASTM A668, Class D, for use with structural carbon steel and Class F for use with high-strength low-alloy steel.
b.Steel shafting shall conform to ASTM A108, Grades 1016 through 1030. SECTION 226—STRUCTURAL STEEL
226.01 Description
These specifications cover steel structural shapes furnished to specific dimensions and associated hardware and fasteners.
226.02 Detail Requirements
a.Bridge Structural Steel shall conform to ASTM A709 for the grade specified except that stud shear connectors shall conform to (e) herein. Steel for tensile flanges and webs of plate girders, rolled beams, cover and splice plates, and any other components designated as main load-carrying com - ponents subject to tensile stress shall conform to the supplemental requirements of ASTM A709 for the Charpy V -Notch tests for Zone Two. Steel used for tubular structural members in bridges including, but not limited to, ASTM A500, A501, A847 and ASTM A1085 (HSS), whether for vehicular or pedestrian bridges, shall meet the requirements for Charpy V -notch testing for Zone 2 in accordance with ASTM A709. Welding shall conform to AWS D1.1 for cycically loaded tubular structures, except that all NDT (Non Destructive Testing) shall be in conformance with applicable Virginia Test Methods and paid for by the Contractor. Tubular steel structures shall be protected from corrosion in accordance with Section 233. Fracture-critical bridge steel members designated on the plans shall conform to the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Fracture Critical Non-Redundant Steel Bridge Members. One copy of the mill analysis for bridge steel shall be submitted to the Engineer.
b.Other Structural Steel shall conform to ASTM A36 unless otherwise specified. Piles shall conform to Section 228. One copy of the mill analysis shall accompany steel piles shipped to the project site. Three copies of the mill analysis for structural steel members shall be submitted to the Engineer.226.02 224(c) Anchor Bolts:
1.Anchor bolts for general use shall conform to AASHTO M314, Grade 36. Nuts shall conform to ASTM A563, and washers shall conform to ASTM F844. Threads shall be coarse series.
2.High-strength anchor bolts shall conform to AASHTO M314, Grade 55, with supplemental requirements of S1. Nuts and washers shall conform to ASTM A563, Grade DH and ASTM F436 respectively.
3.Galvanization of steel anchor bolts, nuts, and washers shall conform to ASTM A153.
4.Anchor bolts for railings shall conform to (c)1. herein, and shall be hot-dipped galvanized.
d.Stud Shear Connectors shall conform to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code or AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code as applicable. Stud shear connectors that conform to these requirements and that are on the Materials Division Approved Products List, No. 15, may be used without further testing.
e.Steel for Structural Supports for Light Poles and Traffic Control Devices shall be suitable for the design requirements of the Contract and shall conform to the following: Characteristic Value Min. yield strength 36,000 psi Min. tensile strength 58,000 psi Min. elongation (in 8 inches) 18% Min. elongation (in 2 inches) 20% Carbon equivalent (as determined by AWS D1.1/D1.5) Max. 0.45% Charpy V -notch values of 25 foot-pounds at 10 degrees F may be substituted for elongation re - quirements. Tubing conforming to ASTM A500, A501, A847 and A1085 shall have Charpy V -notch values of 25 foot-pounds at 10 degrees F . Steel conforming to ASTM A709, Grade 50W , and ASTM A847 shall not be used unless specified.
f.Steel for Timber Connectors shall conform to ASTM A711 or AISI No. 1015.
g.Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: Bolts shall conform to ASTM A307, except where high-strength or other special types of bolts are required. ASTM A307 bolts shall have nuts conforming to ASTM A563, and washers shall conform to ASTM F844. Lock washers shall conform to ANSI B18.21.1.
h.High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, Washers, and Direct Tension Indicators shall conform to the following respective ASTM specifications:226.02 225 High-Strength Nuts for Use with High- Washers Direct Tension Bolts Strength Bolts, Heavy Hex (Hardened) Indicators ASTM A325, Type 1 ASTM A563, Grade DH ASTM F436 ASTM F959 (galvanized) ASTM A325, Type 3 ASTM A563, Grade DH3 ASTM F436 ASTM F959 ASTM A449, Type 1 ASTM A563, Grade DH ASTM F436 ASTM F959 (galvanized) ASTM A449 Type 3 ASTM A563, Grade DH3 ASTM F436 ASTM F959 ASTM A490, Types 1 ASTM A563, Grade DH ASTM F436 ASTM F959 ASTM A194, Grade 2H ASTM A490, Type 3 ASTM A563, Grade DH3 ASTM F436 ASTM F959
1.Bolts, nuts, and washers conforming to ASTM A490 shall not be galvanized. Bolts, nuts, and washers conforming to ASTM A325, Type 1 or ASTM A449, Type 1, shall be galva - nized. High-strength bolts used with unpainted weathering steel shall conform to ASTM A325, Type 3; ASTM A449, Type 3; or, when specified, ASTM A490, Type 3. All use of high-strength bolts conforming to ASTM A449 shall be approved, in writing, by the En - gineer. ASTM A449 bolts shall conform to the rotational capacity testing requirement in ASTM A325 and these specifications.
2.The maximum hardness for bolts conforming to ASTM A325 shall be 33Rc. The maximum tensile strength for such bolts shall be 150 kips per square inch for bolts 1 inch or less in diameter and 120 kips per square inch for larger bolts.
3.High-strength fasteners (plain and coated) shall pass a rotational-capacity test as detailed in Virginia Test Method 135.
a.Bolts shall be proof-load tested in accordance with ASTM F606, Method I. Full-size bolts shall be wedge tested in accordance with ASTM F606. Nuts shall be proof-load tested in accordance with ASTM F606. Galvanized bolts shall be wedge tested after galvanizing. Galvanized nuts shall be proof-load tested in accordance with ASTM F606 only after overtapping, galvanizing, and lubricating operations are completed.
b.Galvanized bolts, nuts and washers shall be hot-dipped galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153. The Contractor may use mechanically galvanized bolts, nuts, and washers that conform to ASTM B695, Class 50 if the bolts are to be topcoated with paint. When galvanized nuts conforming to ASTM A563 are specified, the amount of over-tapping may be less than specified; however, all nuts in each lot shall be over-tapped by the same amount. Galvanized nuts shall be lubricated in accordance with ASTM A563 using a lubricant sufficiently tinted so as to be readily visible. Galvanized bolts, nuts, and washers shall have the galvanization measured for thick - ness. Measurements for bolts shall be taken on the wrench flats or top of the bolt head. Measurements for nuts shall be taken on the wrench flats. When galvanized washers are specified, hardness testing shall be performed after galvanizing. The coating shall be removed prior to testing.226.02 226 c. All bolts, nuts, and washers shall be furnished with a marking that readily identifies their manufacturer. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with an example of such marking and the manufacturer’ s certification for each bolt, nut, and washer supplied to the project. The Contractor shall ensure that two samples from each rota - tional capacity lot, each sample consisting of one bolt, nut, washer, and DTI (if used on the project), are submitted to the Department for testing, and are accompanied by all documentation. Documentation shall indicate the results of all tests and processes performed on the hardware, the name of the testing facility, address where the tests were performed and the date of testing. Test results of bolts and nuts shall also indicate the lot num - ber of the product. Bolts, nuts, and washers from different rotational-capacity lots shall not be shipped in the same container. In addition, shipping containers shall be marked with the rotational-capacity test lot number of the product supplied. SECTION 227—STEEL GRID FLOORING
227.01 Description
These specifications cover plant-fabricated steel for use as a portion of a bridge deck.
227.02 Materials
a.Steel shall conform to ASTM A709, Grade 36, except that material which is not galvanized shall have a copper content of at least 0.2 percent.
b.Concrete for filling steel grid floors shall conform to Section 217 for Class A3, maximum aggregate size No. 7.
227.03 Detail Requirements
a.Open flooring shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123.
b.Painting, when specified or permitted by the Engineer, shall be performed in accordance with Section 411 except that the Department will allow dipping to coat the flooring. SECTION 228—STEEL PILES
228.01 Description
These specifications cover steel fabricated to a shape that will act as a foundation for a structure. The Contractor shall ensure one copy of each applicable mill analysis accompanies the corresponding steel piles shipped to the project and shall supply the Engineer three additional copies of the mill analysis.226.02
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 251–253 of 1,065.