217Steel reinforcement shall conform to Section 223 and shall be placed as shown on the Standard drawings. Monuments shall be cast in one piece with smooth and uniform surfaces. Monuments shall withstand a cracking load of at least 4,000 pounds and a destruction load of 5,000 pounds when tested transversely on a 24-inch span and shall have an absorption value of not more than 10 percent. Tests will be performed in accordance with AASHTO T177.
b.Metal Monuments: Material for steel pins shall conform to Section 223. Material for locator posts shall conform to Section 226 or Section 229. Steel posts or pins shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123. SECTION 220—CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS
220.01 Description
These specifications cover materials used to maintain the humidity and temperature of freshly placed concrete to ensure satisfactory hydration and proper hardening of the concrete.
220.02 Detail Requirements
Concrete curing materials shall consist of waterproof paper, polyethylene (PE) film, a combination of burlap and PE film, liquid membrane-forming compound, or water. Concrete curing materials shall be free from impurities that may be detrimental to the surface of concrete or the proper curing of concrete.
a.Waterproof paper shall conform to AASHTO M171. One side shall be composed of white, light- reflecting paper.
b.PE film shall conform to AASHTO M171 except that its nominal thickness shall be 3.0 mils. The thickness at any point shall be at least 2.5 mils.
c.Burlap and PE film may be used in combination. They shall be bonded securely so that they cannot be easily separated in a dry or saturated condition. White PE film shall conform to the reflectance requirements of AASHTO M171. Burlap shall conform to AASHTO M182, Class 3. The combination product shall have a total weight of 11 ounces per square yard with 11 threads of burlap per inch.
d.Liquid membrane-forming compounds shall be used on concrete masonry except bridge substructure elements. Fugitive dye compounds shall be used on bridge substructure elements. The Contractor shall protect concrete surfaces or remove liquid membrane-forming compound from concrete surfaces to which a bonding compound, joint sealer, or waterproofing material is to be applied. Liquid membrane-forming compounds will be tested in accordance with VTM-2 and shall conform to the following:220.02 218 1. Liquid membrane-forming compounds shall contain an easily dispersed opaque, white, finely ground pigment or a fugitive dye. They shall not react with the components of concrete and shall not contain oils, waxes, or other materials that would prevent bonding of traffic paints or applied pavement markings. The resulting film shall be continuous, uniform, and free from pinholes, bubbles, or blisters and shall not darken the hardened concrete. The dye shall have sufficient color to be distinctly visible for at least 30 minutes after application and designed to disappear within 7 days.
2.The membrane shall not peel. It shall be designed to disappear by gradual disintegration from exposure to the elements over a period of at least 30 days but not more than 1 year. Within 60 days after application, the membrane shall be capable of being readily removed by means of steel wire brushes or another abrasive that will not damage the concrete surface.
3.When applied by pressure spray to a troweled, vertical, damp concrete surface at the rate specified, material shall adhere to the surface in a continuous, tenacious film without running off or sagging appreciably.
4.Shipping containers shall identify the trade name of the material and a lot or batch number except for small, locally repackaged containers bearing the Department’ s seal.
5.The average moisture loss at 24 hours shall be not more than 0.20 kilograms per square meter of exposed surface. At 72 hours, it shall be not more than 0.30 kilograms per square meter.
6.When applied to the test specimen, white pigmented material shall have a daylight reflectance of at least 60 percent of that of magnesium oxide.
e.Water used for curing concrete shall be clean, clear, and free from oil and other deleterious substances and shall have a pH of at least 4.5. SECTION 221—GUARDRAIL
221.01 Description
These specifications cover material requirements for components of guardrail systems.
221.02 Detail Requirements
Guardrail shall consist of rail or cable elements and fastenings fabricated to develop continuous beam or cable strength when installed. Guardrail materials conforming to AASHTO M180 and M30 specifi - cation requirements shall be supplied by manufacturers included on the Department’ s Approved List 12. Manufacturers of guardrail materials shall participate and be in compliance with the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program Evaluation of Highway Guardrail Manufacturers.
a.Steel beam shall conform to AASHTO M180, Class A, Type 1. Where guardrail is to be constructed on curves that have a radius of 150 feet or less, rail elements shall be shop curved to the proper radius, with the roadside of the rail either concave or convex as required.
b.Wire rope (cable) shall conform to AASHTO M30, Type I, Class A.220.02
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 245–245 of 1,065.