218 1. Liquid membrane-forming compounds shall contain an easily dispersed opaque, white, finely ground pigment or a fugitive dye. They shall not react with the components of concrete and shall not contain oils, waxes, or other materials that would prevent bonding of traffic paints or applied pavement markings. The resulting film shall be continuous, uniform, and free from pinholes, bubbles, or blisters and shall not darken the hardened concrete. The dye shall have sufficient color to be distinctly visible for at least 30 minutes after application and designed to disappear within 7 days.
2.The membrane shall not peel. It shall be designed to disappear by gradual disintegration from exposure to the elements over a period of at least 30 days but not more than 1 year. Within 60 days after application, the membrane shall be capable of being readily removed by means of steel wire brushes or another abrasive that will not damage the concrete surface.
3.When applied by pressure spray to a troweled, vertical, damp concrete surface at the rate specified, material shall adhere to the surface in a continuous, tenacious film without running off or sagging appreciably.
4.Shipping containers shall identify the trade name of the material and a lot or batch number except for small, locally repackaged containers bearing the Department’ s seal.
5.The average moisture loss at 24 hours shall be not more than 0.20 kilograms per square meter of exposed surface. At 72 hours, it shall be not more than 0.30 kilograms per square meter.
6.When applied to the test specimen, white pigmented material shall have a daylight reflectance of at least 60 percent of that of magnesium oxide.
e.Water used for curing concrete shall be clean, clear, and free from oil and other deleterious substances and shall have a pH of at least 4.5. SECTION 221—GUARDRAIL
221.01 Description
These specifications cover material requirements for components of guardrail systems.
221.02 Detail Requirements
Guardrail shall consist of rail or cable elements and fastenings fabricated to develop continuous beam or cable strength when installed. Guardrail materials conforming to AASHTO M180 and M30 specifi - cation requirements shall be supplied by manufacturers included on the Department’ s Approved List 12. Manufacturers of guardrail materials shall participate and be in compliance with the AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Program Evaluation of Highway Guardrail Manufacturers.
a.Steel beam shall conform to AASHTO M180, Class A, Type 1. Where guardrail is to be constructed on curves that have a radius of 150 feet or less, rail elements shall be shop curved to the proper radius, with the roadside of the rail either concave or convex as required.
b.Wire rope (cable) shall conform to AASHTO M30, Type I, Class A.220.02 219(c) Brackets, turnbuckles, compensating assemblies, and attachment hardware shall be of sufficient design and section to develop the full strength of the cable guardrail and shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153. The spring compensating device shall have a spring constant of 450 ± 50 pounds and shall permit a travel of 6 ± 1 inches.
d.Concrete for precast reinforced concrete posts shall conform to Section 217 for Class A3, except that Type I cement and a smaller size of aggregate may be used.
e.Steel posts shall be galvanized in accordance with AASHTO M111.
1.Structural rolled shapes shall conform to ASTM A709, Grade 36.
2.Sheet steel for fabricated shapes shall conform to ASTM A1011, Grade 36.
3.Weld-fabricated shapes shall conform to ASTM A769.
f.Wood posts shall conform to Section 236 and shall be pressure treated.
g.Anchor bolts shall conform to Section 226.02(c) for high-strength bolts.
h.Offset blocks shall conform to either of the following:
1.Shall be pressure treated wood conforming to Section 236; or
2.Shall be made of plastic or rubber and contain a minimum of 40 percent recycled post- consumer and post-industry waste. Block attachment shall be in accordance with the details and dimensions of the Standard Drawings for wooden posts, Standard GR-2, 2A W-Beam guardrail. The size tolerance in the direction of the bolt hole shall not be more than 1/4 inch. The blocks shall present a neat appearance and have planed surfaces. The manufacturer of the recycled blocks shall provide independent test results showing that the material complies with the velocity, acceleration, and post-impact trajectory requirements of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 or Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). The manufacturer shall certify that the material components of the completed blocks are weather resistant and manufactured to prevent ultra-violet (UV) degradation. The manufactur - er shall also certify that the material components of the completed blocks are resistant to the subterranean termites during its theoretical lifetime when tested according to ASTM D3345. The theoretical lifetime is considered to be at least 20 years. Any block that varies from the materials herein or from the dimensions and tolerances in the Road and Bridge Standards shall be submitted for approval.221.02 220SECTION 222—MASONRY UNITS
222.01 Description
These specifications cover masonry units manufactured of regular or lightweight concrete or brick made from clay or shale in a plant specifically designed for such a purpose.
222.02 Detail Requirements
a.Wall Units:
1.Hollow load-bearing units shall conform to ASTM C90, Grade N-I.
2.Hollow non-load bearing units shall conform to ASTM C129, Type I.
3.Solid load-bearing units shall conform to ASTM C145, Grade N-I.
4.Building bricks shall conform to either:
a.ASTM C62 Grade SW , or
b.ASTM C55, except that the average compressive strength of 5 bricks shall be a minimum 3000 psi and no individual brick shall be less than 2500 psi.
b.Catch Basins and Manholes:
1.Masonry blocks shall conform to ASTM C139.
2.Bricks shall conform to either:
a.ASTM C32, Grade MS, or
b.ASTM C55, except that the average compressive strength of 5 bricks shall be a minimum 3000 psi and no individual brick shall be less than 2500 psi.
c.Sewer Bricks shall conform to ASTM C32, Grade SM. SECTION 223—STEEL REINFORCEMENT
223.01 Description
These specifications cover steel items designed to give added flexural strength to hydraulic cement concrete or to control and reduce cracking in such applications.
223.02 Detail Requirements
a.Reinforcement:
1.Deformed bars shall conform to ASTM A615, Grade 40 or 60. Longitudinal bars for continuous reinforced hydraulic cement concrete pavement shall be Grade 60.222.01
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 246–247 of 1,065.