6-320 SECTIO N 675 – TRAFFI C SIGNS 675.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of constructing, furnishing, and installing sign post foundations, sign posts, traffic signs, removing existing signs, setting salvaged sign posts, and resetting signs. 675.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsection s: Bar Reinforcement ................................ ................................ ................................ .....713.01 Sign Posts ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 750.01 Extruded Aluminum Panels ................................ ................................ ....................... 750.02 Flat Sheet Aluminum ................................ ................................ ................................ .750.03 Retroreflective Sheeting ................................ ................................ ............................. 750.0 4 Assembly Hardware ................................ ................................ ................................ ...750.05 Concrete shall conform to the requirements of Section 541 for Concrete, Class B. 675.0 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . Foundation components, sign posts and traffic signs shall always be handled to prevent damage . Damaged foundations, sign posts, or traffic signs will be rejected . Signs shall be installed with adequate sight distance in accordance with the MUTCD . 675.0 4 FOUNDATIONS . Foundations, of the size and type specified, shall be constructed at the locations shown on the Plans . The Contractor shall excavate to depths and dimensions as required and shall construct the foundation in accordance with the Contract . Stub posts or steel pipe, whichever applies, shall be placed in position, plumbed, leveled, and braced prior to the const ruction of the foundation, and projection above final grade shall be as shown in the Contract . Care shall be taken during construction of foundations to ensure that minimum shimming between the post and foundation is required. Forms and braces shall not be removed and posts shall not be mounted on foundations until the concrete has cured in accordance with the requirements of Section 541 . It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all foundations, stub posts, and steel pipes are oriented suc h that when posts are mounted to the foundation the applicable sign post faces will be in the same plane, as required by the Contract . Foundations shall be backfilled with material approved by the Engineer and compacted in layers of not more than 6 inches by use of a mechanical tamper. 675.0 5 SLIP BASES . Slip bases shall be installed on sign posts at the locations shown on the Plans. Slip bases shall be compatible with the type and size of sign post on which they are to be installed. Slip bases shall meet the requirements of NCHRP Report 350 or MASH . The Contractor shall provide the type of slip base and the corresponding FHWA eligibility letter to the Engineer for approval prior to installation. 6-321 675.0 6 SIGN POSTS . Sign posts, of the size and type specified, shall be installed at the locations shown on the Plans . Sign posts shall be installed on foundations, in anchors, or directly in the ground as specified in the Contract . Sign posts shall be erected plumb and level and shall remain plumb and leve l after the installation of the traffic sign , bracing or the sign itself will not be used to maintain sign posts plumb and level . When installed on foundations, minimum shimming will be allowed between a foundation and sign post at the discretion of the En gineer. When two or more sign posts are required for a single -sign installation, they shall be oriented such that the sign post faces which the signs will be attached to, will be in the same plane, the plane shall be as required by the Contract . The tops of all po sts in a single -sign installation shall be the same elevation and shall not extend above the sign. For posts that do not require foundations and are set into a dug hole, holes shall be backfilled with material approved by the Engineer and compacted in laye rs of not more than 6 inches by use of a mechanical tamper. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract all required modifications to posts shall be incidental to other Traffic Sign items. 675.0 7 TRAFFI C SIGNS . Traffic signs, of the design specified, shall be installed at the locations and on the post types as shown on the Plans.
a.General Requirements . All traffic signs shall conform to the requirements of the Contract and the MUTCD . All new signs installed, excluding double -sided signs, shall include a decal on the back of the sign with the following information, in 1 -inch numbers and text, and as shown in this example: Ownership: (Town or VTrans) Date Fabricated: (MM/YY) Route : (US ##, VT ##, or TH ##) Decals shall remain intact and legible during the life of the sign, at least 15 years. Ownership shall refer to the entity owning the sign. Generally, signs on state highway s and U.S. routes, as well as stop signs and legal load signs on town highways at the intersection with a state or US route, belong to VTrans. All other signs on Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 town highways belong to the town . 6-322 The d ate fabricated shall be the month and year of sign fabrication in MM/YY date format. The r oute shall be the designation of the route the sign i s located on. Note that in the case of stop and legal load signs at the intersection of a town highway and a state highway, the owner will be VTrans and the route will be US ## or VT ##.
b.Sign Substrate . Unless otherwise specified on the Plans, signs with an area of 20 square feet or less shall be fabricated from flat sheet aluminum, and signs with an area greater than 20 square feet shall be fabricated from extruded aluminum panels. The surfaces of sign substrate shall be flat and free of buckles, warps, dents, burrs, open cracks, open splits, open joints, or other defects. All edges shall be true and smooth with no tears, cracks, burrs, or other defects.
1.Flat Sheet Aluminum . Fabrication of the flat aluminum sheets, including cutting to size, shall be completed prior to degreasing, etching or treating, and application of the retroreflective sheeting. Flat sheet aluminum may be sheared, blanked, sawed, or milled. No flame cutting will be permitted. Fie ld drilling or punching of holes will be allowed as needed.
2.Extruded Aluminum Panels . Extruded aluminum panels shall be of the butting type, 12 inches wide and of the lengths shown on the Plans. The moment of inertia of a panel shall not be less than 0.765 in .4 and the panel shall be designed to carry a wind load of 30 psf. All signs fabricated from extruded aluminum panels shall have e xtruded aluminum molding on the two vertical sides. The color shall be the same as the parent sign. Fabrication, including punching or drilling holes and cutting to length, shall be completed prior to metal degreasing, treating, and application of the background material . Flame cutting will not be permitted . The panels shall be fabricated for horizontal mounting . Each panel shall extend the full width of a sign and shall be bolted at least every 24 inches to each adjacent panel.
c.Retroreflective Sheeting . All sheeting shall be retroreflective. Retroreflective sheeting shall be of the color and type shown in the Contract or in accordance with the MUTCD , whichever applies. The face of a sign shall be completely covered by the retroreflective sheeting when used as a background . All panels of a multi -panel sign shall be of uniform background color and brilliance during both day and night. 6-323 Sign substrate shall be prepared and retroreflective sheeting applied in accordance with the retroreflective sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations for the respec tive sign substrate. Retroreflective sheeting components shall be sourced from the same manufacturer and shall be designed or approved to work as a system.
d.Mounting . Signs shall be mounted as tightly to the posts, frame, or the horizontal supporting members as shown on the Plans. For permanent installations of flat sheet aluminum signs to frames or posts, a nylon -insert locking nut and two washers shall be used. One washer shall be installed under the head of the bolt against the sign sheeting face and the second washer shall be installed under the nut. The minimum outside diameter of the washers shall be no less than the diameter of the bolt head. For all sign types, if bolts are used for mounting, the installed bolt shall be at least flush with the nut . Horizontal and vertical supporting members required to hold together the separate extruded aluminum panels forming a multi -panel sign and to attach the sign to the posts, shall be either standard steel or aluminum structural shapes meeting the same req uirements as for sign posts in accordance with the Plans . After a multi -panel sign is mounted, the individual panels shall be joined together as shown on the Plans to ensure a smooth, flat sign face, free of deflection. 675.0 8 REMOVIN G SIGNS . The Contractor shall remove signs as shown on the Plans. Unless otherwise shown on the Plans, removal shall include foundations to a minimum depth of 12 inches below finished grade, and anchors, sleeves, sign posts, tr affic signs, frames, overhead supports, hardware, all other incidentals, as applicable, and filling holes and returning the area to a condition consistent with the adjacent areas. Foundations shall not be removed when signs are to be set or reset on them. Except for where signs that are to be removed are also to be salvaged or reset, sign faces shall be defaced, including decal, so as not to be reused . Defacing shall be done using paint or to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Unless otherwise shown on the Plans, all material removed shall become the property of the Contractor. Signs shown on the Plans that are to be removed and salvaged, including anchors, sleeves, sign posts, frames, traffic signs, and hardware, as applicable, shall be removed as specified herein and delivered to the locations identified in the Contract . Mounting hardware shall be in a sealed container and clearly marked with its contents. Components damaged during removal or salvaging, through the fault of the Contractor as determined by t he Engineer, shall be replaced at no cost to the Agency. Signs shown on the Plans that are to be removed and reset, including anchors, sleeves, sign posts, frames, traffic signs, and hardware, as applicable, shall be removed as specified herein and stored as necessary until they are to be reset. Components damaged during removal or storage, through the fault of the Contractor as determined by the Engineer, shall be replaced at no cost to the Agency. 6-324 675.0 9 RESETTIN G SIGNS . Signs that are to be reset, inc luding anchors, sleeves, sign posts, sign frames and mounting hardware, as applicable, shall be reset to the location shown on the Plans. The Contractor shall be responsible for transporting and stockpiling all anchors, sleeves, sign posts, sign frames and mounting hardware, as applicable, to and from the stockpiling location. The Contractor shall supply new mounting hardware, as required, to reset signs. Anchors, sleeves, sign posts, frames, and traffic signs damaged through the fault of the Contractor, as determined by the Engineer, shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Agency. 675.1 0 METHO D OF MEASUREMENT . The quantity of Traffic Sign , Flat Sheet Aluminum and Traffic Sign, Extruded Aluminum to be measured for payment will be the number of square feet of the type specified, installed in the complete and accepted work . The measured quantities of traffic signs for signs with retroreflective sheeting on both sides shall be multiplied by a factor of 1.5. The quantity of Square Tube Sign Post and Ancho r to be measured for payment will be linear feet measured from the top of the post to the bottom of the anchor, installed in the complete and accepted work . No additional measurement will be made for required sleeves, anchors or overlap of posts. The quantity of W -Shape Steel Sign Post and Tubular Steel Sign Post to be measured for payment will be the number of pounds of each type of post installed in the comp lete and accepted work , as determined by the lengths and the standard weigh t per linear foot of the specified material . No additional measurement will be made for required anchors, slip bases , or breakaway features. The quantity of Foundation for W -Shape S teel Post, Foundation for Tubular Steel Post, Soil Bearing Slip Base, Erecting Salvaged Signs, and Setting Salvaged Posts to be measured for payment will be the number of each installed in the complete and accepted work . The quantity for Sign Removal, Flat Sheet Aluminum ; Sign Removal, Extrud ed Aluminum ; and Resetting Signs to be measured for payment will be the number of each sign removed or reset in the complete and accepted work . 675.1 1 BASIS OF PAYMENT . The accepted quantity of Traffic Sign, Flat Sheet Aluminum and Traffic Sign, Extruded Aluminum will be paid for at the Contract unit price per square foot . Payment will include frames, supports, tee bars, and mounting hardware as required. The accepted quantities for S quare Tube Sign Post and Anchor will be paid for at the Contract unit price per linear foot . Anchors, sleeves, and other required hardware will not be paid for directly but will be considered incidental to the respective sign post item. 6-325 The accepted quantities for W -Shaped Steel Sign Post and Tubular Steel Sign Post will be paid for at the Contract unit price per pound . Payment will include anchors, slip bases, breakaway features, and other hardware as required. Foundation for W -Shaped Steel Post, 24 -Inch Diameter, Foundation for W -Shaped Steel Post, 30 -Inch Diameter, and Foundation for Tubular Steel Post will be paid for at the Contract unit price per each . Payment will include concrete, reinforcing steel, anchor bolts, stub posts, steel pipe , breakaway features, and other hardware as required. Soil Bearing Slip Base, Setting Salvaged Posts, Sign Removal, Flat Sheet Aluminum ; Sign Removal, Extruded Aluminum ; and Resetting Signs will be paid for at the Contract unit price per each. Removal of s ign posts and foundations will be considered incidental to the item Removing Signs, as applicable. The cost of attachment hardware, including vandal -proof hardware when required, will be considered incidental to the pay item for the particular sign being u sed. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and erecting, fabricating, transporting, handling, applying, and installing the material s specified and for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment , and incidentals necessary to complete the work . Excavation and backfill will not be paid for separately but will be considered incidental to the Contract unit price s for other items in the Contract . Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit 675.2 000 Traffic Sign, Flat Sheet Aluminum ................................ ........................... Square Foot
675.21 00 Traffic Sign, Extruded Aluminum ................................ ............................ Square Foot
675.31 00 W-Shape Steel Sign Post ................................ ................................ .......... Pound
675.33 00 Tubular Steel Sign Post ................................ ................................ ............. Pound
675.341 0 Square Tube Sign Post and Anchor ................................ .......................... Linear Foot
675.35 00 Soil Bearing Slip Base ................................ ................................ .............. Each
675.41 00 Foundation for W -Shape Steel Post, 24 Inch Diameter ............................ Each
675.42 00 Foundation for W -Shape Steel Post, 30 Inch Diameter ............................ Each
675.43 00 Foundation for Tubular Stee l Post ................................ ............................ Each
675.50 00 Sign Removal, Flat Sheet Aluminum ................................ ....................... Each
675.5100 Sign Removal, Extruded Aluminum ................................ ......................... Each
675.60 00 Resetting Signs ................................ ................................ .......................... Each
675.61 00 Setting Salvaged Posts ................................ ................................ .............. Each
6-326 SECTIO N 676 – DELINEATORS 676.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of removing or furnishing and installing reflector units or delineators consisting of new or salvaged posts, reflectors, and plaques. 676.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the fo llowing subsection s: Flat Sheet Aluminum ................................ ................................ ................................ .750.03 Retroreflective Sheeting ................................ ................................ ............................. 750.0 4 Steel Delineators ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 751.01 676.0 3 INSTALLATION . Delineator posts shall be set to the heights and at the locations shown on the Plans . They shall be set vertically facing the dir ection shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Posts set in the ground shall be driven either by hand or by mechanical devices using a suitable driving cap and shall be set in the ground to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Hand tamping will be permitted. Posts set on the roadway surface shall have the base securely fastened to the surface. Delineators to be attached to bridge rail shall be consistent with the design shown on the Plans and securely fastened to the railing as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Delineator assemblies and plaques, when required, shall be attached after the posts are set. Delineators shall consist of flat sheet aluminum substrate and completely covered by retroreflective sheeting of the color and type shown in the Contract . The replacement of delineators on existing posts that are to remain shall be as shown on the Plans or as direct ed by the Engineer. 676.0 4 METHO D OF MEASUREMENT . The quantity of Delineators with Steel Post, Removal of Existing Delineator and Post, Remove and Replace Delineator, and Delineator with Flexible Post to be measured for payment will be the number removed, installed, or replaced in the complete and accepted work . 676.0 5 BASIS OF PAYMENT . The accepted quantity of Delineators with Steel Post, Removal of Existing Delineator and Post, Remove and Replace Delineator, and Delineator with Flexible Post will be paid for at the Contract unit price for each. Payment will be full compensation for removing or furnishing, fabricating, transporting, handling, and installing the material s specified, including plaques when required, and for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment , and incidentals necessary to complete the work .
Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 1094–1099 of 1,380.