5-02Bituminous Surface Treatment

5-02.1 Description

This Work shall consist of constructing a single or multiple course bituminous surface treatment (BST) in accordance with these Specifications and in conformity with the lines and cross-sections shown in the Plans or as designated by the Engineer.

5-02.1(1) New Construction

This method of treatment requires two applications of emulsified asphalt and three applications of aggregate. The first application of emulsified asphalt is applied to an untreated Roadway that is followed with an application of aggregate. The second application of emulsified asphalt is followed with two additional applications of aggregate.

5-02.1(2) Seal Coats

This method requires the placing of one application of emulsified asphalt and one or more sizes of aggregate as specified to an existing pavement to seal and rejuvenate the surface and to produce a uniform Roadway surface with acceptable nonskid characteristics.

5-02.1(3) Pavement Sealers – Fog Seal

This method of treatment requires an application of emulsified asphalt over an existing or newly constructed pavement as specified.

5-02.2 Materials

Materials shall meet the requirements of the following sections: Cationic Emulsified Asphalt 9-02.1(6) Aggregates for Bituminous Surface Treatment 9-03.4 Each source of aggregate for bituminous surface treatment shall be evaluated separately for acceptance in accordance with Section 3-04 .

5-02.3 Construction Requirements

5-02.3(1) Equipment

The equipment used by the Contractor shall be subject to approval by the Engineer before its use. The distributor shall be capable of uniformly applying emulsified asphalt at the required application temperature and rate. A temperature measuring device shall be capable of reporting the temperature of emulsified asphalt in the tank. A tachometer shall be required to accurately control the application of emulsified asphalt. Distributors shall be equipped with an adjustable spray bar with pressure pump and gauge. The power for operating the pressure pump shall be supplied by a power unit which will provide a uniform spray from each of the nozzles across the spray bar and extensions. The distributor truck shall have a volume control gauge. All reading devices and gauges shall be easily accessible by Inspectors from the ground. Rollers for seal coats shall be self-propelled pneumatic tired rollers. Rollers for new construction shall be a combination of self-propelled pneumatic tired rollers and smooth- wheeled rollers. Each roller shall not weigh less than 12 tons and shall be capable of providing constant contact pressure. Operation of the roller shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Aggregate spreading equipment shall be self-propelled, supported on at least four pneumatic tires, with an approved device for accurately metering and distributing the aggregate uniformly over the Roadway surface. Spreading equipment shall be so equipped that the operator has positive width control. This control shall allow the operator to adjust the spreading width of aggregates in 6-inch increments without stopping the machine. Page 5-12 M 41-10

5-02 Bituminous Surface TreatmentBrooms shall be motorized and capable of controlling vertical pressure.

Other equipment necessary to satisfactorily perform the Work as specified herein or as designated by the Engineer shall be subject to approval by the Engineer before its use in the Work. Additional units shall be used in the Work when, in the opinion of the Engineer, it is considered necessary in order to fulfill the requirements of these Specifications, or to complete the Work within the time specified.

5-02.3(2) Preparation of Roadway Surface

5-02.3(2)A New Construction

The existing Roadway surface shall be shaped to a uniform grade and cross-section as shown in the Plans, or as designated by the Engineer. The Roadway shall be dampened, bladed and rolled until the entire Roadway surface shows a uniform grading and conforms to the line, grade, and cross-section shown in the Plans, or as staked. During the operation of blading and rolling, water shall be applied, if necessary, in the amount and at the locations designated by the Engineer. The entire surface shall be rolled with a smooth-wheeled or pneumatic-tired roller, or both, as designated by the Engineer, except that the final rolling shall be accomplished with a smooth-wheeled roller as specified in Section 5-02.3(1) . Rolling shall continue until the entire Roadway presents a firm, damp and unyielding surface. Immediately before the first application of emulsified asphalt, the Roadway surface shall be in the following condition: firm and unyielding, damp, free from irregularities and material segregation, and true to line, grade, and cross-section. No traffic will be allowed on the prepared surface until the first application of emulsified asphalt and aggregate has been completed.

5-02.3(2)B Seal Coats

The existing bituminous surface shall be swept with a power broom until it is free from dirt or other foreign matter. Hand push brooms shall be used to clean omissions of the power broom. In addition to power and hand brooms, the use of other equipment may be necessary to thoroughly clean the Roadway prior to the application of emulsified asphalt. Berms created by the removal of dirt or other foreign matter shall be evenly distributed over the fore slope. Repair of existing pavement shall be done in accordance with Section 5-04 . The HMA in repaired areas shall be fog sealed. HMA repaired areas may require a second fog seal depending on surface texture as required by the Engineer. The pavement surface shall be dry prior to fog sealing.

5-02.3(2)C Pavement Sealing – Fog Seal

Where shown in the Plans or directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall apply a fog seal. Before application of the fog seal, all surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of dust, soil, pavement grindings, and other foreign matter. The existing pavement surface shall be dry.

5-02.3(2)D Soil Residual Herbicide

Where shown in the Plans, soil residual herbicide shall be applied in accordance with Section 5-04 . Application of the BST shall begin within 24 hours after application of the herbicide. M 41-10 Page 5-13 Bituminous Surface Treatment 5-025-02.3(2)E Crack Sealing Crack sealing shall be in accordance with Section 5-03 .

5-02.3(3) Application of Emulsified Asphalt and Aggregate

Upon the properly prepared Roadway surface, emulsified asphalt of the grade specified in the Special Provisions shall be uniformly applied with distributors and specified aggregates spread at the following rates: Application Rate Undiluted Emulsified Asphalt (gal. per sq. yd.) Applied Aggregate SizeAggregate Application Rate (lbs. per sq. yd.) New Construction First Application 0.35-0.65½ inch - No. 4 or ¾ inch - ½ inch25-45 Second Application 0.35-0.60 ½ inch - No. 4 25-40 Choke Stone N/A No. 4 - 0 4-6 Seal Coats ⅝ inch – No. 4 Choke Stone0.40-0.65⅝ inch - No. 4 No. 4 - 025-45 4-6 ½ inch – No. 4 Choke Stone0.35-0.55½ inch - No. 4 No. 4 - 020-35 4-6 ⅜ inch – No. 4 0.35-0.55 ⅜ inch - No. 4 20-30 Choke Stone N/A No. 4 - 0 4-6 The Engineer will determine the application rates. The second application of emulsified asphalt shall be applied the next day, or as approved by the Engineer. Longitudinal joints will be allowed at only the centerline of the Roadway, the center of the driving lanes, or the edge of the driving lanes. To ensure uniform distribution of emulsified asphalt and that the distributor is correctly calibrated, the Contractor shall provide a minimum 1,000-foot test strip when beginning a BST section. To avoid gaps and ridges at transverse junctions of separate applications of emulsified asphalt and aggregate, the Contractor shall spread sufficient building paper over the treated surface to ensure that the distributor will be spraying uniformly when the untreated surface is reached. If ordered by the Engineer, the joints shall be cut back to a neat edge prior to placing the building paper. Should ridges, overlaps, or gaps occur at transverse joints, the Contractor shall repair the defects to the satisfaction of the Engineer. In lieu of repair the Engineer may elect to accept the completed joints and will deduct from monies due or that may become due the Contractor, the sum of $200 for each joint where the deviations described above are found. Should longitudinal joints occur outside the centerline of the Roadway, the center of the driving lanes, or the edge of the driving lanes, the Contractor shall repair the defects to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All costs involved in making the corrections to defects described above shall be borne by the Contractor and no payment will be made for this Work. Omissions (skips) by the distributor or tire marks on the uncovered emulsified asphalt shall be immediately covered by hand patching with the same grade of emulsified asphalt and aggregate used on the project. Page 5-14 M 41-10

5-02 Bituminous Surface TreatmentThe area covered by any one spread of emulsified asphalt shall be no more than can be

covered with aggregate within 1 minute from the time of application upon any part of the spread. If field conditions warrant, this time may be increased as designated by the Engineer. Unless otherwise designated by the Engineer, emulsified asphalt shall be spread toward the source of aggregate to avoid injury to the freshly treated surface. Before application to the Roadway, emulsified asphalt shall be heated to the following temperatures or that recommended by the manufacturer: Type and Grade of Emulsified AsphaltDistributor Temperature Min. °F Max. °F New Construction and Seal Coats CRS-1, CRS-2, CRS-2P 125 195 CMS-2, CMS-2S, CMS-2h 125 185 Fog Seal CSS-1, CSS-1h 70 140 Before application of the fog seal, all surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of dust, soil, pavement grindings, and other foreign matter. The fog seal emulsified asphalt shall be CSS-1 or CSS-1h diluted with water at a rate of one part water to one part emulsified asphalt unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. The fog seal shall be uniformly applied to the pavement at a diluted rate of 0.10 – 0.18 gal/sy. The finished application shall be free of streaks and bare spots. Fog sealing shall be applied no sooner than 3 days, but no later than 14 days after new construction or seal coat. If required, newly placed aggregates shall be swept prior to the fog seal application. Rebrooming for fog seal applications shall be paid under “Additional Brooming”, per hour as specified in Section 5-02.5 .

5-02.3(4) Vacant

5-02.3(5) Application of Aggregates

All aggregate stockpiles shall be watered down to provide aggregates that are uniformly damp at the time of placement on the Roadway. After the emulsified asphalt has been spread evenly over the Roadway surface, aggregates of the type specified shall be evenly applied to the Roadway surface by spreader equipment. The aggregate shall be spread in one operation in such a manner that an 8-inch strip of emulsified asphalt is left exposed along the longitudinal joint to form a lap for the succeeding applications of emulsified asphalt. If necessary, thin or bare spots in the spread of aggregate shall be corrected immediately by re-spreading with the chip spreader or by hand spreading the aggregate. A minimum of three pneumatic tired rollers providing a minimum of two complete coverages to the Roadway immediately behind the spreading equipment for the coarse aggregate shall be required. The maximum rate of roller travel shall be limited to 8 mph. The Contractor shall apply choke stone to the Roadway with additional spreading equipment immediately following the initial rolling of the coarse aggregate unless otherwise specified in the Contract documents or specified by the Engineer. Excess aggregate shall be removed from the Roadway. A minimum of one pass with a pneumatic roller shall be made across the entire width of the applied choke stone. M 41-10 Page 5-15 Bituminous Surface Treatment 5-02The operation of trucks hauling aggregate from the stockpile shall be so regulated that no damage, as determined by the Engineer, will result to the Highway or the freshly applied asphalt surface. The completed surface shall be allowed to cure and then broomed as soon as practical. If brooming causes rock to be turned or if the Engineer determines that additional cure is needed, the Contractor shall broom the Roadway when directed by the Engineer. If, after completion of the initial brooming, the Engineer determines the need to remobilize for additional brooming, the Contractor shall rebroom the areas designated by the Engineer. The Contractor shall apply water for dust control during brooming operations when safety or environmental concerns arise, or as otherwise determined by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be held responsible for protecting all surface waters, riparian habitats, or other sensitive areas that may be encroached upon by brooming operations. Materials such as dirt, foreign material, or aggregates removed from these areas shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be disposed of in accordance with Section 2-03.3(7) . The Contractor shall use a pickup broom in all curbed areas, on all bridges, within city limits, within sensitive areas, and where shown in the Plans both before the application of emulsified asphalt and during the final brooming operation. When the pickup broom does not satisfactorily pickup the aggregate, manual methods shall be used. Materials collected by the pick up broom shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be disposed of in accordance with Section 2-03.3(7) . Aggregates accumulated in intersections and driveways due to brooming operations shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be disposed of in accordance with Section 2-03.3(7) . The Contractor shall notify the Engineer when the brooming for each section is considered complete. The Engineer will indicate acceptance or inform the Contractor of deficiencies within 24 hours of notification.

5-02.3(6) Additional Emulsified Asphalt and Aggregate

If the application of emulsified asphalt or aggregate, or both, is insufficient or excessive for the required results, the Engineer may require the Contractor to make an additional application of one or both materials in accordance with these Specifications, or at the direction of the Engineer. Additional emulsified asphalt or aggregate used will be paid for at the unit Contract prices for the materials used.

5-02.3(7) Patching and Correction of Defects

Omissions by the distributor or damage to the treated surfaces shall be immediately covered by hand patching with emulsified asphalt in adequate quantities. Holes which develop in the surface shall be patched in the same manner as specified in Section

5-02.3(2)A All costs incurred by the Contractor, in coating omissions and patching, shall

be included in the unit Contract prices for the materials used. Defects such as raveling, lack of uniformity, or other imperfections caused by faulty Work shall be corrected and new Work shall not be started until such defects have been remedied. All improper work and defective materials resulting from overheating, improper handling or application, shall be removed from the Roadway by the Contractor and be replaced with approved materials at no expense to the Contracting Agency. If the Engineer determines a fog seal is necessary at any time during the life of the Contract, the Contractor shall apply a fog seal. The CSS-1 or CSS-1h emulsified asphalt may be diluted with water at a rate of one part water to one part emulsified asphalt unless otherwise specified by the Engineer. Page 5-16 M 41-10

5-02 Bituminous Surface Treatment5-02.3(8) Progress of Work

The Contractor shall organize the Work so that no longitudinal joints shall remain open overnight.

5-02.3(9) Protection of Structures

The Contractor shall be responsible for protecting monument covers, sewer lids, manhole covers, water valve covers, drainage grates, inlets, railroad tracks, bridge handrails and expansion joints, guardrails, curbs, road signs, guide posts, or other facilities from the application of emulsified asphalt and aggregates. This protective effort is to include uncovering these items the same working day that the completed BST or seal coat construction has passed the protected locations. If needed, drainage inlets shall be cleaned out immediately after final brooming is completed. All costs incurred by the Contractor in necessary protective measures shall be included in the unit Contract prices for the various Bid items of Work involved.

5-02.3(10) Unfavorable Weather

Emulsified asphalt shall not be applied to a wet Roadway. Subject to the determination of the Engineer, emulsified asphalt shall not be applied during rainfall, sand or dust storms, or before imminent storms that might damage the construction. The Engineer will have the discretion as to whether the surface and materials are dry enough to proceed with construction. The application of emulsified asphalt to the Roadway shall be restricted to the following conditions:

5-02.3(11) Temporary Pavement Markings

During bituminous surface treatment paving operations, temporary pavement markings shall be maintained throughout the project. Temporary pavement markings shall be installed on the Roadway that was paved that day. Temporary pavement markings shall be in accordance with Section 8-23 .

5-02.4 Measurement

Processing and finishing will be measured by the mile to the nearest 0.01 mile along the main line Roadway. All related supplemental Roadways and irregular shaped areas will be incidental. Emulsified asphalt of the grade or grades specified will be measured by the ton in accordance with Section 1-09 . Asphalt for fog seal will be measured by the ton, before dilution, in accordance with Section 1-09 . Aggregate from stockpile for BST will be measured by the cubic yard in trucks at the point of delivery on the Roadway. M 41-10 Page 5-17 Bituminous Surface Treatment 5-02Furnishing and placing crushed aggregate will be measured by the cubic yard in trucks at the point of delivery on the Roadway, or by the ton in accordance with Section 1-09 .1. Furnishing and placing crushed aggregate will be measured by the square yard placed on the roadway using the method described in Section 1-09.1, square yard. Additional brooming will be measured by the hour. Water will be measured in accordance with Section 2-07 .

5-02.5 Payment

Payment will be made for each of the following Bid items that are included in the Proposal: “Processing and Finishing”, per mile. The unit Contract price per mile for “Processing and Finishing” shall be full pay for all costs to perform the specified Work including blading, scarifying, processing, leveling, finishing, and the manipulation of aggregates as required. In the event the Proposal does not include a Bid item for “Processing and Finishing” then all costs for processing and finishing shall be included in other related items of Work. “Emulsified Asphalt (_______)”, per ton. The unit Contract price per ton for “Emulsified Asphalt (_______) shall be full pay for all costs to perform the specified Work including furnishing, heating, hauling, and spreading the emulsified asphalt on the Roadway. “Asphalt for Fog Seal”, per ton. The unit Contract price per ton for “Asphalt for Fog Seal” shall be full pay for all costs to perform the specified Work for fog seal. “Agg. from Stockpile for BST”, per cubic yard. The unit Contract price per cubic yard for “Aggregate from Stockpile for BST” shall be full pay for all costs to perform the specified Work including loading, transporting, and placing the material in the finished Work. “Furnishing and Placing Crushed (_______)”, per cubic yard. “Furnishing and Placing Crushed (_______)”, per ton. The unit Contract price per cubic yard or per ton for “Furnishing and Placing Crushed (_______) shall be full pay for all costs to perform the specified Work including furnishing, transporting, and placing the material in the finished Work. “Furnishing and Placing Crushed (_______)”, per square yard. The unit Contract price per square yard for “Furnishing and Placing Crushed (_______) shall be full pay to perform the Work as specified. “Additional Brooming”, per hour. The unit Contract price per hour for “Additional Brooming” shall be full pay for all costs to perform the specified Work including rebrooming the Roadway. “Water”, per M gal. Payment for “Water” shall be in accordance with Section 2-07.5 . If the Proposal does not include a Bid item for water, the Contractor shall dampen stockpiled or furnished aggregate as required, and the cost thereof shall be included in other related items of the Work. Incidental Work required to complete the bituminous surface treatment that is not specifically mentioned as included with the Bid items above shall be performed by the Contractor and shall be included in the unit Contract prices of the various related Bid items.