612.03 Construction Requirements.
SECTION 611 MORTAR FOR MASONRY
611.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of furnishing mortar made in accordance with these specificat ions, for the various classes and kinds of masonry when its use is required.
611.02 Materials.
Materials shall conform to the provisions of Division 800, Materials. Specific reference is made to the following: Masonry Cement Article 815.06 Sand Article 802.03 Water Article 807.01 Hydrated Lime Section 805
611.03 Construction Requirements.
The mortar shall be composed of one part of cement and two parts of sand by volume, on basis of dry sand, and sufficient water to make a mortar of such consistency that it can be easily handled and spread with a trowel. If directed, hydrated lime, not to exceed 15 percent of cement by weight {mass}, shall be added, except that if masonry cement is used hydrated lime will not be required. Mortar shall be mixed only in quantities required for immediate use. Unless an approved mortar mixing machine is used, the sand and cement shall be mixed dry in a watertight box until the mixture assumes a uniform color, after which water shall be added as the mixing continues until the mortar attains the proper consistency. Mortar which is not used within 45 minutes after water has been added shall be wasted. Retempering of mortar will not be permitted.
611.04 Method of Measurement.
No measurement will be made for mortar for m asonry.
611.05 Basis of Payment.
Payment for mortar for masonry shall be included in unit prices of pay items for various kinds of masonry, and no direct payment will be made for mortar. RUBBLE MASONRY
612.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of furnishing and constructing Rubble Masonry consisting of approved stones laid in mortar as a means of constructing structures or parts of structures in accordance with these specifications to the lines and dimensio ns shown on the plans or designated. Rubble Masonry as herein specified shall include the Types commonly known as Coursed Rubble, Uncoursed Rubble, and Rustic Rubble.
612.02 Materials.
Materials shall conform to the provisions of Division 800, Materials. S pecific reference is made to Type I and Type III, Masonry Stone, Subarticles 812.01(a) and (c), respectively. Mortar shall meet the requirements of Section 611, Mortar for Masonry.
612.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Shaping Stone .
1.Coursed and Uncours ed Masonry Stone . The stones shall be roughly squared on joints, beds and faces. All shaping or dressing of stone shall be done before the stone is laid and no dressing or hammering which will loosen the stone will be permitted after it is placed.
2.Rusti c Masonry Stone . Only shaping required will be that to eliminate sharp points and projections.
612.04 Measurement.
b.Weather Limitations . Stone masonry shall not be constructed in freezing weather or when fresh mortar may be subject to freezing.
c.Laying Details .
1.The masonry shall be laid to line and in courses roughly leveled. The bottom or foundation courses shall be composed of large, selected stones, and all courses shall be laid with bearing beds roughly parallel to the natural bed of the material. The stone a nd the layers shall decrease in thickness from bottom to top of wall. Stones of each color shall be uniformly distributed in exposed surfaces so that walls do not present a patched appearance. Selected stone, roughly squared and pitched to line, shall be u sed at all angles and ends of walls. Headers shall be evenly distributed and preferably arranged to interlock. Each stone shall be cleaned and saturated with water and shall be damp while being set, and the bed which is to receive it shall be cleaned and w ell moistened. All stones shall be well bedded in freshly made mortar. The mortar joints shall be full and the stones carefully settled in place before the mortar has set. No spalls will be permitted in the beds. Joints and beds shall have an average thickness of not more than 1 inch {25 mm}. The minimum thickness of mortar between stones shall be at least 1/2 inch {13 mm}. Whenever possible the face joints shall be properly pointed before the mortar becomes set. Joints which cannot be so pointed shall be p repared for pointing by raking them out to a depth of 1.5 inches {38 mm} before the mortar has set. The face surfaces of stones shall not be smeared with the mortar forced out of the joints or that used in pointing. The vertical joints in each course of co ursed masonry shall break joints with those in adjoining courses at least 6 inches {150 mm}. In case any stone is moved or the joint broken, the stone shall be removed, the mortar cleaned from bed and joints, and the stone reset in fresh mortar. Weepholes shall be constructed where indicated on the plans or designated. Immediately after laying and while the mortar is fresh, all face stones shall be cleaned of all mortar, and mortar stains and kept clean and free from mortar stains.
2.In Coursed and Uncours ed Rubble Masonry, headers shall hold in the heart of the wall the same or larger size than shown in the face. They shall extend not less than 12 inches {305 mm} into the core or backing and in walls 12 inches {610 mm} or less in thickness shall extend ent irely through the wall. They shall occupy not less than 1/5 of the face of the wall.
3.In Rustic Rubble Masonry, stone shall be laid without regard to courses or patterns, have close joints and reasonably smooth faces and, if not coped, reasonably true li nes on top of structure.
d.Copings, Bridge Seats, and Backwalls . Copings, bridge seats and backwalls shall be of the materials and size shown on the plans and when not otherwise specified shall be Minor Structure Concrete which shall conform to the requi rements for Section 620. Concrete copings shall be made in sections extending the full width of the wall, not less than 8 inches {200 mm} in thickness and from 5 to 10 feet {1.5 to 3 m} long. The sections may be cast in place or precast and set in place in full mortar beds.
e.Pointing . Pointing shall not be done in freezing weather or when the stone contains frost. Joints not pointed at the time the stone is laid shall be wet with clean water and filled with mortar. The mortar shall be well driven into th e joints and finished with an approved pointing tool. The wall shall be kept moist while pointing is being done and in hot dry weather the pointed masonry shall be protected from the sun and kept wet for a period of at least three (3) days after the mortar has set, or be cured as provided by Subarticle 450.03(m). After the pointing is completed and the mortar set, the wall shall be satisfactorily cleaned and left in a neat and workmanlike condition.
612.04 Measurement.
Accepted Rubble Masonry will be measur ed complete in place, and the volume actually constructed within the neat lines of the work shown on the plans or designated will be computed in cubic yards {cubic meters}.
612.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . The accepted volume of rubble mas onry measured as above described will be paid for at the respective unit prices bid per cubic yard {cubic meter} for Coursed Rubble Masonry, Uncoursed Rubble Masonry, and Rustic Rubble Masonry, complete in place, which shall be payment in full for all mate rial, equipment, tools, labor and incidentals necessary for the satisfactory completion of the work.
613.05 Basis of Payment.
b.Concrete . Concrete used in conjunction with the Rubble Masonry will be paid for as provided under Minor Structure Concrete, Section 620.
c.Payment wi ll be made under Item No .: 612-A Type Rubble Masonry - per cubic yard {cubic meter} SECTION 613 BRICK AND CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY
613.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of constructing Brick or Co ncrete Block Masonry in accordance with these specifications at the locations and to the dimensions, lines, and grades as shown on the plans or established.
613.02 Materials.
All materials shall conform to the requirements of Division 800, Materials. Speci fic reference is made to the following: Section 805 - Building Brick (Grade MW clay or shale brick unless otherwise specified on the plans or Concrete Brick and Concrete Block.) Section 611 - Mortar for Masonry.
613.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Brick Masonry . The foundation shall be constructed firm and dry. All brick shall be damp at the time of laying. Bricks shall be laid in courses in full, close, uniform joints of mortar. Adjoining courses shall break joints by one -half len gth as nearly as practicable. The courses shall be level in all places, except where otherwise directed. All exposed surfaces shall be smooth and clean and the tie joint shall not exceed 1/2 inch {13 mm} in width. Broken or chipped bricks shall not be used in the faces of the masonry. The joints shall be cleaned and pointed before the mortar sets. The exposed surfaces of the bricks shall not be smeared with mortar forced out of the joints or that used in pointing, but shall be kept clean and free from morta r stains. For straight masonry walls, at least one course in seven shall be a header course. No masonry work shall be done in freezing weather.
b.Concrete Block Masonry. When so specified on the plans and/or in the proposal, masonry walls may be construc ted of hollow concrete blocks instead of bricks. Applicable construction details shall be the same as for brick masonry.
c.Manholes, Inlets, and Catch Basins . Brick masonry for manholes, inlets, and catch basins shall conform to details shown on the plan s. Construction details shall be as specified in Subarticle 613.03(a). Where shown on the plans, the faces of these and similar structures shall be given a plaster coat. Mortar for this coat shall be of the same mix as used in laying the brick and the coat shall be not less than 1/4 of an inch {6 mm} in thickness. Before applying the plaster coat, the brick shall be thoroughly wetted and the surface allowed to dry sufficiently to insure proper bond of the plaster coat. Full mortar beds shall be provided for setting castings required by the plans. Castings shall be set carefully to the specified elevations.
613.04 Method of Measurement.
The quantity of Brick or Concrete Block Masonry will be measured in cubic yards {cubic meters} of completed and accepted mas onry, except that when the proposal specifies payment by the unit for manholes, inlets, and the like, measurement will be by the completed and accepted units.
613.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . The number of cubic yards {cubic meters} of Bri ck Masonry or Concrete Block Masonry, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices for these items, which shall
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 492–493 of 934.