747 sealer, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices, under the items of work established in the bid schedule. 705- 1 Description:
The work under this section shall consist of furnishing all materials, preparing the pavement surface and applying preformed reflectorized pavement marking tape, and preformed thermoplastic arrows, symbols, and legends to the pavement in accordance with the details shown on the project plans and the requirements of the specifications. All markings shall be reflectorized with glass beads or other retroreflective particles uniformly distributed throughout the entire cross section and bonded to the top surface of the material. All markings shall comply with the retror eflectance requirements of Subsection 705- 2.05 of the specifications. When glass beads are used to reflectorize markings, the glass bead properties shall also comply with Subsection 705- 2.06 of the specifications. Certificates of Compliance conforming to the requirements of Subsection
106.05of the specifications shall be submitted
Preformed pavement marking tape and preformed thermoplastic arrows, symbols and legends shall be limited to the following applications unless otherwise specified in the contract documents: A list of approved manufacturers and distributers of Type I, II, III, and IV preformed pavement marking materials is shown on the Department’s Approved Product List (APL). The most recent version is available on the ADOT Research Center Product Evaluation Program Website.
Type I shall be a general purpose high durability retroreflective, pliant , polymer film for preformed long line and short line striping, arrows, symbols, and legends to be used for final permanent pavement markings. Type I shall be capable of performing as specified herein when subjected to high traffic volumes and severe wear conditions such as repeated shear action from crossover or encroachment on edge and channelization lines, starting, stopping, and turning movements. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 748
Removable): Type II shall be a removable preformed retroreflective pavement marking capable of performing as temporary pavement markings for long line and short line striping, arrows, symbols, and legends for the duration of a normal construction season. It shall be a nonmetallic mixture of high quality materials and shall be capable of being removed intact or in large pieces either manually or with a recommended roll up device. Type II shall be used on finished pavement surfaces where traffic control or channelization through the construction zone is temporary requiring removal prior to final pavement markings.
Nonremovable): Type III shall be a nonremovable preformed retroreflective film on a conformable metallic backing capable of performing as temporary long line pavement markings for the duration of a normal construction season. Type III shall be used in construction zones where removal is unnecessary due to placement of future paving courses or where pavement will be removed, obliterated or abandoned at the completion of the project.
IV (Permanent): Type IV shall be a high durability, retroreflective, pliant, preformed thermoplastic product to be used for final permanent arrows, symbols, legends, and short line (transverse) stripes. Type IV shall be capable of performing as specified herein when subjected to high traffic volumes and severe wear conditions such as repeated shear action from crossover or encroachment on edge and channelization lines, starting, stopping, and turning movements. 705- 2 Materials: 705- 2.01 Preformed Pavement Markings - Type I (Permanent):
Type I preformed pavement marking material shall consist of a homogeneous, extruded, pre- fabricated white or yellow film of specified thickness and width that shall be capable of being affixed to Portland cement concrete or non- bleeding bituminous pavements per the manufacturer’s req uirements, either on the pavement surface or, when specified on the pl ans, inlaid into a cut -out groove. The preformed plastic film shall be weather resistant and through normal traffic wear shall show no appreciable fading, lifting, loss of skid resistance, or shrinkage or significant tearing, roll back, or other signs of poor adhesion throughout the useful life of the marking. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 749 When extruded, the plastic film without adhesive shall be a minimum of 0.065 inch thick. The plastic film as supplied shall be of good appearance, free of cracks and discolorations, and the edges shall be clean- cut and well defined. The plastic film shall be supplied complete with a precoated, factory -applied pressure sensitive adhesive backing with a protective release paper, or it may be furnished with separate adhesive as recommended by the manufacturer. A surface preparation primer shall also be applied if recommended by the manufacturer. Whether the adhesive is precoated or supplied separately, the adhesive shall be such as to allow the plastic film to be repositioned on the pavement surface to which it is applied before permanently fixing it in its final position with a downward pressure. All white and yellow Type I pa vement markings shall be warranted by the manufacturer to retain color and adherence to the pavement, and to retain a minimum retroreflectance of not less than 100 millicandelas/m 2/lux for a minimum of two years for symbols, legends, and transverse pavemen t markings, and five years for longitudinal pavement markings. The warranty period shall begin after all pavement markings are installed and accepted by the Department. Failure to meet the specified retroreflectance on at least 90 percent of the longitudinal pavement marking in any 1000- foot segment, or 90 percent of a legend, symbol, or transverse pavement marking shall be considered a complete failure of that marking. The warranty shall state that the manufacturer will provide new material to replace defective Type I markings at no additional cost to the Department. The warranty shall also state that the replacement material shall conform to these specifications. The contractor shall submit a copy of the manufacturer’s warranty to the Engineer along w ith the certificate of compliance required in subsection 705- 1(A) of the specifications.
The preformed plastic pavement marking material shall consist of the following components: Minimum Percent by Weight Resins and Plasticizers 20 Pigments 30 Reflective Glass Beads * 20* Note:
*Applicable only when glass beads are used to reflectorize Type I markings.
The pigments shall be selected and blended to provide a white or yellow marking film which conforms to standard highway colors, when tested according to ASTM D6628, throughout the expected life of the film. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 750
The plastic film shall be sufficiently flexible so that at a temperature of 78 to 82 degrees F an unmounted piece of material (without adhesive and paper backing), 3 by 6 inches in size, may be bent over a 1- inch mandrel until the end faces are parallel and 1 inch apart without showing any fractur e lines in the uppermost surface.
The plastic film (without adhesive or paper backing) shall have a minimum tensile strength of 40 pounds per square inch when a specimen 6 inches long by 1 inch wide is tested in accordance with the requir ements of ASTM D638. The rate of pull of the test shall be 0.25 of an inch per minute. The test shall be conducted at a temperature between 70 and 80 degrees F. The elongation shall be no greater than 75 percent.
A 6-inch long by 1- inch wide section of the plastic film (without adhesive and paper backing) shall support a dead load weight of 4 pounds for not less than five minutes at a temperature between 70 and 80 degrees F.
The plastic film shall have a maximum loss in weight of 0.25 grams in 500 revolutions when abraded according to ASTM D4060.
The surface of the material shall provide a minimum resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303. 705- 2.02 Preformed Pavement Markings - Type II (Temporary - Removable): Type II preformed pavement markings shall be a non- metallic mixture of conformable materials and pigments intended for marking applications where removability is required. The marking material shall be white or yellow ret roreflective film conforming to standard highway colors. The markings shall be precoated with a pressure sensitive adhesive capable of adhering to roadway surfaces under climatic and traffic conditions normally encountered in the construction work zone when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and without the use of heat, solvents or other additional adhesives. Newly applied markings shall be capable of being immediately exposed to traffic without pickup or distortion by vehicles. The markings shall be weather resistant and through normal traffic wear shall show no appre ciable TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 751 fading, lifting, shrinkage, tearing, loss of skid resistance, roll back or other signs of poor adhesion throughout the useful life of the marking. Temporary pavement markings shall be removable from asphalt and concrete pavement intact or in large sections by following the manufacturer's instructions. It shall be removable, either manually or with a roll -up device, at pavement temperatures above 40 degrees F without the use of heat, solvents, grinding or sand blasting. Visible adhesive residue remaining after removal of temporary pavement markings shall be easily removable without damaging or scarring the pavement surface and without the use of solvents or g rinding. When extruded, pavement marking material without adhesive shall be a minimum of 0.045 inches thick. When supplied, the material shall be of good appearance, free from cracks, and edges shall be true, straight, and unbroken. 705- 2.03 Preformed Pav ement Markings - Type III (Temporary - Nonremovable) : Type III preformed pavement markings shall be a retroreflective fi lm on a conformable metallic backing intended for marking applications where removal is not a requirement. The marking material shall be white or yellow conforming to standard highway colors. The markings shall be precoated with a pressure sensitive adhesive capable of adhering to roadway surfaces under climatic and traffic conditions normally encountered in the construction work zone when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and without the use of heat, solvents or other additional adhesives. Newly applied markings shall be capable of being immediately exposed to traffic without pickup or distortion by vehicles. The markings shall be weather resistant and through normal traffic wear shall show no appreciable fading, lifting, shrinkage, tearing, loss of skid resistance, roll back or other signs of poor adhesion throughout the useful life of the marking. 705- 2.04 Preformed Thermoplastic Pavement Markings – Type IV (Permanent):
Preformed thermoplastic pavement markings shall be a resilient white, yellow, or other color thermoplastic material, composed of an ester - modified resin in conjunction with pigments, binders and glass beads that have been factory- produced as a finished product. The markings shall be resistant to the detrimental effects of motor fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and antifreeze. Preformed thermoplastic pavement markings shall be weather resistant and, through normal traffic wear, shall show no appreciable fading, lifting, or shrinkage or significant tearing, roll back, loss of skid resistance, or other signs of poor adhesion throughout the useful life of the marking. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 752 The markings shall be capable of conforming to pavement contours, breaks and faults through the action of traffic at normal pavement temperatures. The marking shall have resealing characteristics, such that it is capable of fusing with itself or previously appl ied, worn thermoplastic pavement markings when heated with a common propane torch. The material shall not be brittle and must be sufficiently cohesive and flexible for one person to carry without danger of fracturing the material prior to application. Surface preparation primer shall also be applied if recommended by the manufacturer. The material shall be supplied at a minimum thickness of 0.090 inches (90 mils). Arrows, symbols, legends, and short lines shall be capable of being affixed to bituminous and Portland cement concrete pavements by the use of the heat of a common propane torch. Any preheating requirements shall also be met by the use of the heat of a common propane torch and as recommended by the manufacturer. Type IV preformed thermoplastic markings shall be suitable for use for one year after the date of manufacture when stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. Type IV marking materials supplied to the jobsite shall clearly display the date of manufacture, and shall be a pplied within one year of this date.
The preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material shall consist of the following components: Component Percent by Weight White Yellow Binder (Min.) 18 18 Titanium dioxide (Min.) 10 ----- Yellow Lead -Free Pigment (Min.) ----- 1.5 Reflective glass inter -mix beads 30 – 45 30 – 45
The pigments shall be selected and blended to provide a white or yellow preformed marking that conforms to standard highway colors, when tested according ASTM D6628, throughout the expected life of the preformed marking.
The preformed thermoplastic shall have flexibility at 50 degrees F such that when a specimen, measuring 6 inches long by 1 inch wide, is bent through an arc of 90 degrees at a uniform rate in 10 seconds (9 degrees per second) over a 1- inch mandrel, no cracking occurs in the test specimen. The specimen shall be conditioned prior to testing at 50 ± 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 753 degrees F for a minimum of four hours. At least two specimens tested shall meet the flexibility requirements at 50 degrees F for a passing result.
The preformed thermoplastic material shall have a minimum tensile strength of 150 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D638. The rate of pull of the test shall be 10 to 12 inches per minute. The test shall be conducted at a temperature between 70 and 80 degrees F. The elongation shall be no greater than 20 percent.
The material shall exhibit a bond strength to Portland cement concrete pavement equal to or exceeding 180 pounds per square inch when tested at 73 ± 3 degrees F in accordance with the ASTM D4796.
The plastic film shall have a maximum loss in weight of 0.25 grams in 500 revolutions when abraded according to ASTM D4060.
The surface of the material shall provide a minimum resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E303.
When tested in accordance with ASTM D256, Method A, a 1- inch by 1- inch by 6- inch sample shall not break when an impact energy of at least 1.0 joule is applied. The test specimen shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM D4960 and shall not be notched. 705- 2.05 Retrorefl ectance: All white and yellow pavement marking materials shall have the following minimum retroreflectance values when measured by the Department, using an LTL- X Delta Retrometer or similar device, within 30 days after application to the roadway surface: Table 1 Long Line Markings Retroreflectance (millicandelas/m2/lux) White 500 Yellow 300
TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 754 Table 2 Arrows, Symbols, Legends, Short Lines Retroreflectance (millicandelas/m2/lux) White 350 Yellow 200 For sections determined to be deficient in retroreflectivity, the pavement markings shall be removed in a manner approved by the Engineer, and new markings shall be re- applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. For long lines, the limits of re- application shall start from the l ocation of a passing test, across the failure area(s), to the next passing test location. The minimum length of reapplication shall be 0.4 miles. For arrows, symbols, legends and short lines, the entire defective unit shall be re- applied. 705- 2.06 Glass Bead Properties :
When glass beads are used to achieve retroreflectivity, the beads shall be manufactured from glass of a composition designed to be highly resistant to traffic wear and to the effects of weathering.
The roundness of the glass beads shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1155. A minimum of 75 percent of the beads shall be water -white true spheres free from imperfections of all types including air inclusions, film, scratches, clusters, and surface scoring.
The glass beads used with the preformed pavement marking material shall have a minimum reflective index of 1.50 when tested by a liquid immersion method (Becke Line Method or equivalent, as specified in ASTM C1648) at a temperature at 25 ± 5 degrees C.
The gradation of the glass beads shall be such that performance requirements for the preformed pavement marking material shall be met.
Heavy metal concentration in glass beads shall be as specified in the following table, when tested by an independent laboratory, approved by the Engineer, using EPA Method 3052 an d EPA Method 6010B. A TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 755 Certificate of Analysis conforming to Subsection 106.05 of the specifications shall be furnished to the Engineer prior to use. Heavy Metal Concentration Arsenic < 75 ppm Antimony < 75 ppm Lead < 100 ppm
705- 3 Construction Requirements: The contractor shall install preformed pavement markings at the locations shown on the project plans, as specified in the Special Provisions, or as directed by the Engineer. Preformed marking tape shall be applied manually or with the tape applicators approved by the tape manufacturer. All markings shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and as specified herein. Preformed pavement markings shall not be applied over other markings or old paint unless specified in the project plans, directed by the Engineer , or allowed by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer prior to application. Preformed pavement markings shall be applied to surfaces that are free of moisture and thoroughly cleaned of loose, foreign or other material that may adversely affect bonding. The contractor shall remove all dirt, dust, grease, oil or other detrimental material from the road surface. The method of cleaning the surface is subject to approval by the Engineer and shall include sweeping and the use of high- pressure air spray. Newly placed asphaltic concrete surfaces need not be cleaned unless, in the opinion of the Engineer, the surface has become contaminated to the extent that cleaning is necessary to provide proper bonding. When preformed markings are to be applied to new Portland cement concrete pavement, any curing compound present shall be removed by means of a high- pressure water jet or sandblasting, followed by sweeping and high- pressure air spray. The curing compound shall be removed at least 2 inches beyond the entire perimeter of each marking to be installed. In addition, a manufacturer approved primer -sealer shall be applied to both old and new Portland cement concrete pavement prior to application of preformed markings. The primer -sealer shall be applied at the manufacturer's recommended application rates prior to placing the preformed marking. The primer -sealer shall be allowed to set up for the manufacturer's specified cure or evaporation time, and shall be free of solvent and water when the preformed marking is applied. Preformed pavement markings shall be applied immediately after the surface has been prepared or as soon as possible after placement and completion of new pavement. When Type I, II, or III markings are used, the road surface temperature, at the time of application, shall not be less than 60 degrees F and rising and the pavement surface shall be absolutely dry. For Type III temporary markings, the weather conditions TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 756 noted above may be waived, at the Engineer's discretion, to obtain a traffic stripe prior to allowing traffic to traverse the roadway. Type II markings shall not be installed within 24 hours of any rainfall. In addition, if the possibility of rain is anticipated, as predicted by the National Weather Service, during the time required by the Engineer for installation of Type II markings, the contractor shall apply pr imer sealer prior to application of the marking, regardless of the type or age of pavement surface. Type IV markings shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations for minimum temperature. Despite the specified or recommended minimum surface temperature and surface condition, the Engineer may , at any time, require that the work cease or that the work day be reduced in the event that weather conditions, either existing or expected, are anticipated to have an adverse effect upon the preformed pavement marking . The contractor shall use butt splices only and shall not overlap the marking material. All markings shall be thoroughly tamped with approved mechanical tampers. For preformed thermoplastic pavement markings requiring heat application on asphaltic concrete surfaces, the materials shall be applied using the propane torch method recommended by the manufacturer. The contractor shall immediately correct all misalignments when so ordered by the Engineer. The misaligned portions shall be removed and reinstalled in accordance with these speci fications. All areas marked with preformed pavement markings shall be ready for traffic immediately after application. Type II or Type III temporary pavement markings shall be maintained and replaced when necessary by the contractor until they are covered with the next overlay course or are removed because they are no longer applicable. The temporary pavement markings shall be removed immediately when no longer needed for traffic control or when the temporary pavement markings will be in conf lict with the succeeding traffic pattern. This removal includes the removal of pronounced markings caused by the adhesive across lanes, transitions or tapers. Removable temporary marking material shall not be burned or ground off. Preformed pavement mar kings shall be removed by methods recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. Residual adhesive, ghosting, shadows or pavement scarring which might cause confusion during darkness or adverse weather conditions shall be removed immediatel y by the contractor when so ordered by the Engineer. When Type I permanent pavement markings for final arrows, symbols, legends, and short lines are specified, Type I or Type IV pavement markings may be used, at the option of the contractor. When the plans require Type I preformed long line or short line pavement markings to be placed in a groove, the contractor shall construct the TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 757 sawcut groove in accordance with the requirements of the special provisions. The application of preformed pavement markings shall be in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the material and these specifications. After application, the pavement markings shall be immediately ready for exposure to traffic. 705- 4 Method of Measurement: Measurement of preformed pavement marking long lines and short lines will be made by the linear foot along the center line of the pavement line and will be based on a 4- inch wide stripe. Measurement for pavement lines with a plan width greater or less than the basic 4 inches will be made by the following method: Plan Width of Striping (inches) x Linear Feet 4 (inches) Preformed pavement marking symbols, such as diamonds; single, double, or triple arrows; or freeway arrows, will be measured by each unit applied, regardless of configuration. Each pavement symbol, as shown on the plans, will be considered a unit. Preformed pavement marking legends, defined as a complete letter grouping such as "SCHOOL," "XING," "STOP," “RR,” or "ONLY", will be measured by each unit applied. Each pavement legend, as shown on the plans, will be considered a unit. Preformed pavement route- to-route freeway legends, defined as complete number and directional letter groupings, will be measured by each unit applied. Each complete route- to-route freeway legend, as shown on the plans, will be considered a unit. Removal of curing compound from new Portland cement concrete pavement and the application of primer -sealer sh all each be measured by the linear foot for striping lines regardless of width, or unit each for symbols and legends, and in accordance with the items of work established in the bid schedule. 705- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantities of preformed pavement markings, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price for the type specified in the bidding schedule, which price shall be full compensation for the item, complete in place, including necessary pavement cleaning, primer, removal of Type II temporary markings, and maintaining Types II and III temporary markings in construction work zones. No additional payment will be made for placement of Type I long line and short line pavem ent markings in sawcut grooves, the costs being TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX