1000 pressure. All valves shall be operated manually. All electric remote control valves shall also be tested electrically and meet the satisfaction of the Engineer prior to burial of wiring. In addition to the aforementioned testing, the contractor shall perform the various testing procedures listed under the various individual bid items. These tests shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer. The results of the tests shall be documented and provided to the Engineer at the completion of the testing procedure. Test document forms shall be provided by and/or approved by the Engineer. 808- 4 Method of Measurement: Water distribution systems or landscape irrigation systems will be measured either by the system for each system installed or by the unit each for each component furnished and installed, which collectively comprises the system. The applicable unit of measurement will be as designated in the bidding schedule. 808- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantities of water distribution system or landscape irrigation system, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price for the pay unit designated in the bidding schedule, which price shall be full compensation for the item, complete in place, including excavation and furnishing all labor and materials necessar y to provide a functioning water distribution system or landscape irrigation system. 809- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of furnishing and constructing a complete and functioning sewerage system, including all appurtenances, excavating, backfilling, setting of all parts of the system to the indicated lines and grades, testing the system and the disposal of excess materials, all in accordance with the details and at the locations shown on the project plans and the requirements of theses pecifications. 809- 2 Materials: 809- 2.01 Plastic Sewer Pipe: The contractor may, at its option, use either acrylonitrile- butadiene styrene (ABS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sewer pipe. All plastic sewer pipe shall be SDR 35 in the sizes indicated on the project plans. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1001 ABS pipe and fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D2751. Solvent cement conforming to the requirements of ASTM D2235, shall be used on all ABS plastic pipe joints. PVC pipe and fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D3034. Solvent cement conforming to the requirements of ASTM D2564 or elastomeric rubber ring gasket joints conforming to the requirements of ASTM D3212, shall be used on all PVC plastic pipe joints. All pipe joined with rubber ring gasket joints shall be the push- on, bell and spigot type. Each bell joint shall consist of an integral factory made formed bell complete with a single rubber gasket. 809- 2.02 Iron Pipe and Fittings: All iron pipe shall be ductile iron pipe conforming to AWWA Standar d C- 151. All fittings shall be either cast iron or ductile iron pipe fittings conforming to AWWA Standard C -110. All iron pipe shall be of the sizes and classes shown on the project plans. All iron pipe and fittings shall have an inside cement -mortar lining conforming to AWWA Standard C -104. 809- 2.03 Filter Fabric: Filter fabric shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 1014- 4 of the specifications for the fabric survivability rating shown on the project plans or specified in the Special Provisions. 809- 3 Construction Requirements: 809- 3.01 General: By the time of the preconstruction conference, the contractor shall submit a complete list of all materials and equipment that it proposes to incorporate into the work and the m anufacturer’s product sheets for each item on the list to the Engineer electr onically. In addition to the electronic submission, the Engineer may request up to three hard copies. The contractor shall have materials and equipment correctly marked on the list and manufacturer's product sheets. The list and products heets shall also show the catalog numbers, manufacturer's name, model numbers, sizes, capacity, complete specification, instructions, design data and/or drawings, to determine whether or not each piece of material or equipment is acceptable and to assure t hat all such materials and equipment, when incorporated into the work, is in accordance with the project plans and specifications. The contractor's failure to comply with these material submittal instructions will not constitute a time extension . TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1002 No material or equipment shall be ordered and work shall not begin until the material and equipment has been approved, in writing, by the Engineer. Construction of sewerage systems shall be governed by the applicable requirements of the ADEQ . All plastic and iron pipe shall be transported, handled and stored in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. PVC plastic pipe shall be protected from sunlight with an opaque covering. Workmen and inspectors shall be protected from the collapse of trench walls during the excavating for and the pl acing of pipe and septic tanks, during the placing and compacting of all bedding and backfill material and during the determination of all earth work densities. 809- 3.02 Manholes: Manholes and covers shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of Section 505 of the specifications and as shown on the project plans. 809- 3.03 Septic Tanks: Septic tanks shall be constructed in accordance with the project plans and the current guidance from the ADEQ . Septic tanks shall be water tight and constructed with ClassS concrete which has a 28- day compressive strength of at least 3,000 pounds per square inch and Grade 40 or better steel reinforcing bars. If precast septic tanks are used, a bituminous or mastic gasket shall be used to seal the joints between each precast section. The liquid depth in the septic tank shall not be less than 4 feet or greater than 6 feet. The inside length of the septic tank shall be between two and three times the inside width. The inlet and outlet of the septic tank shall consist of pipe tees which shall be sized to match the sewer line. The septic tank shall have three access openings in the tank top. One opening each shall be located over the tank inlet and outlet and the third opening shall be located in the middle of the tank. Concrete adjustment rings shall be used as required so that all three access openings are within 6 inches of the finished grade. Backfill around and over the septic tank shall be placed in lifts not greater than 12 inches and thoroughly compacted in a manner that will not place undue strain on the septic tank. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1003 809- 3.04 Plastic Sewer Pipe: The installation of solid wall plastic sewer pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2321. Trenches for plastic sewer pipe shall be excavated to a uniform grade which will not cause undue deflection of the pipe. The width of the trench at any point below the top of the pipe shall not be greater than that necessary to provide adequate room for joining the pipe and compacting the haunching and initial backfill. The trench bottom shall be firm and free of large or sharp rocks. Materials for the pipe bedding, haunching and initial backfill shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 808- 3.04 of the specifications. Materials for pipe bedding, haunching and initial backfill shall be placed in lifts of not more than 8 inches in depth before compaction, and each lift shall be compacted to at least 90 percent of maximum density as determined in accordance with the requirements of the applicable test methods of the ADOT Materials Testing Manual, as directed and approved by the Engineer. If rock is encountered during trench excavation, all rock shall be removed to provide a clearance of at least 6 inches below and on each side of the pipe and fittings. After excavation of all rock, 6 inches of pipe bedding material shall be placed in the bottom of the trench and compacted to at least 95 percent of maximum density as determined in accordance with the requirements of the applicable test methods of the ADOT Materials Testing Manual, as directed and approved by the Engineer. Other pipe bedding shall be a minimum of 4 inches in depth under the pipe and shall be installed to ensure adequate support of the pipe barrel throughout its entire length. The haunching shall be placed completely around the pipe up to the spring line of the pipe and out to the undisturbed trench walls and uniformly tamped, avoiding any lateral displ acement of the pipe. The initial backfill shall extend a minimum of 12 inches over the top of the pipe and shall be carefully and uniformly tamped. The final backfill shall be of excavated material containing no slabs or pieces of rock greater than 4 inches in maximum dimensions and shall be water settled or mechanically placed as approved by the Engineer. When completed, the final backfill shall be at the same elevation as the adjacent ground surface and shall be passable by conventional rubber tired vehicles without greater rutting than the adjacent natural ground. Proper care shall be taken to avoid contact between the pipe and compaction equipment. Compaction equipment shall not be used directly over the pipe until sufficient backfill has been placed to assure that such equipment will not damage or disturb the pipe. At least 30 inches of backfill shall cover the pipe before the trench is wheel loaded and at TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1004 least 48 inches of backfill material shall be in place before compacting with a hydrohammer.
809-3.05Iron Pipe:
Trench excavation for the iron pipe shall be no wider than is necessary for proper installation of the pipe. The trench bottom shall be true and even in order to provide support for the full length of the pipe barrel. Holes for the bells shall be provided at each joint and shall be no larger than necessary for joint assembly and assurance that the pipe barrel will lie flat on the trench bottom. If rock is encountered during trench excavation, all rock shall be removed t o provide a clearance of at least 6 inches below and on each side of the pipe. After excavation of all rock, a 6 -inch bed of soil which is free of stones, large clods or foreign matter shall be placed on the bottom of the trench, leveled and tamped. The m aterials for pipe bedding, if required, and for the haunching and initial backfill for the iron pipe shall be soil free from stones, large clods or foreign matter. The backfill shall be placed completely under the pipe haunches and up each side of the pipe and uniformly tamped. The backfill shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 8 inches in depth, and each lift shall be compacted to at least 90 percent of maximum density as determined in accordance with the requirements of the applicable test methods of t he ADOT Materials Testing Manual, as directed and approved by the Engineer. The final backfill shall be excavated material containing no slabs or pieces of rock greater than 4 inches in maximum dimension and shall be water -settled or mechanically placed a s approved by the Engineer. When completed, the final backfill shall be at the same elevation as the adjacent ground surface and shall be passable by conventional rubber -tired vehicles without greater rutting than the adjacent natural ground. 809- 3.06 Filter Fabric: The installation of the filter fabric shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 208- 3 of the specifications. 809- 3.07 Inspection and Testing: The inspection and testing of the sewer lines shall be performed following formal notice to the Engineer. The sewer lines shall be inspected, tested and accepted prior to being covered. All pipe and fittings will be carefully examined during the testing procedure. Any damaged or defective pipe or fittings that are discovered during or following testing shall be repaired or replaced with sound material and then retested until approved by the Engineer. The sewer line shall be tested by means of an exfiltr ation test. This test shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements as follows: TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1005
sewer plug shall have a suitable air vent to allow trapped air removal ;
above the flow line of the sewer line. Check the system for leaks in hoses, plugs, calibrated containers, etc., while filling through a positive shut -off valve. After filling the sewer line, allow one hour for absorption of water and refill sewer line. When the water overflows the calibrated container, close the input valve and begin the test ;
calculate the loss rate in gallons per hour ; and
0.158 gallons per inch of pipe diameter per 100 feet of pipe length per hour with 4 feet of head. 809- 4 Method of Measurement: Sewerage systems will be measured either as a single complete unit of work or by the unit of measurement shown below and listed in the bidding schedule for the specified items:
complete, or as a unit for each tank constructed;
a single unit of work, complete, including excavating, backfilling, pipe, sand bedding and testing ;
809- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantities of sewerage system, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price specified in the bidding schedule, complete in place. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1006 SECTION 810 EROSION CONTROL AND POLLUTION PREVENTION: 810- 1 Description: The work under this section shall include furnishing, installing, maintaining, removing and disposing of temporary erosion control measures such as silt fences, check dams, straw barriers, and other erosion control devices or methods as shown in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and in the Special Provisions. The work shall also include furnishing, installing, and maintaining permanent erosion control measures such as pipe inlet and outlet protection, cut and fill slope transitions, headwall and wingwall treatments, and other permanent erosion control devices or methods as shown in the SWPPP. 810- 1.01 Erosion Controls: Erosion controls, both temporary and permanent, shall be installed in accordance with phasing provisions in the approved SWPPP and coordinated with the related construction. All work specified in this subsection will be temporary for use during construction, unless designated otherwise. The contractor shall be responsible for maintaining all erosion and pollution control devices in proper functioning condition at all times. When deficiencies in the erosion control devices or other elements of work listed herein are noted by inspection or other observation, specified corrections shall be made by the contractor by the end of the day or work shift, or as directed by the Engineer. Work specified herein which is lost, destroyed, or deemed unacceptable by the Engineer as a result of the contractor's operations shall be replaced by the contractor at no additional cost to the Department. Work specified herein which is lost or destroyed as a result of natural events, such as excessive rainfall, shal l be replaced by the contractor and be paid for in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 109.04 of the specifications. In cases of serious or willful disregard for the protection of the waters of the U.S. and/or natural surroundings by the contractor, the Engineer will immediately notify the contractor of such non -compliance. If the contractor fails to remedy the situation within 24 hours after receipt of such notice, the Engineer may immediately place the erosion and/or other pollution control el ements in proper condition and deduct the cost thereof from moneys due the contractor. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1007 810- 1.02 Other -Pollutants Controls: The work shall include implementing controls to eliminate the discharge of pollutants, such as fuels, lubricants, bitumens, dust pall iatives, raw sewage, wash water, and other harmful materials; into storm and other off-site waters. The work shall include the implementation of spill prevention and material management controls and practices to prevent the release or washoff of pollutants. These controls and practices shall be specified in the SWPPP and shall include storage procedures for chemicals and construction materials, disposal and cleanup procedures, the contractor's plans for handling of potential pollutants, and other pollutio n prevention measures as required. Handling procedures for potential pollutants shall also be included in the contractor's "good housekeeping" practices, as specified in Subsection
104.09of the Special Provisions
810- 2 Materials: 810- 2.01 Silt Fence: Material requirements for silt fences, including posts, wire support fencing, and fasteners, shall be in accordance with Section 915 of the specifications. Geotextile fabric shall conform to the requirements of Subsections 1014- 1 and 1014- 8 of the specifications, except that the filter cloth shall be woven polypropylene, and the fabric Apparent Opening Size shall be between numbers 20 and 50 U.S. Standard sieve sizes, when tested in accordance with ASTM D4751. 810- 2.02 Compost Stabilization: Compost stabilization shall consist of composted organic vegetative materials stabilized with a tacking agent and used for erosion control. Compost material shall be dark brown in color with the parent material composted and no longer visible. The structure shall be a mixture of fine and medium size particles and humus crumbs. The maximum particle size shall be within the capacity of the contractor’s equipment for application to the constructed slopes. The odor shall be that of rich humus with no ammonia or anaerobic odors. Compost shall also meet the following requirements:
TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1008
Prior to furnishing on the project, compost mulch samples shall be tested for the specified microbiological and nutrient conditions, including maturity and stability, by a testing laboratory approved for testing of organic materials. Certified laboratory test results shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Tacking agent shall be a naturally occurring organic compound and be non toxic. It shall be a product typically used for binding soil and mulch in seeding or erosion control operations. Approved types shall consist of mucilage or gum by dry w eight as active ingredient obtained from guar or plantago. The tacking agent shall be labeled indicating the type and mucilage purity. The contractor shall have the tacking agent swell volume tested by an approved testing laboratory using the USP method. The standard swell volume shall be considered at 30 milliliters per gram. Material shall have a swell volume of at least 24 milliliters per gram. Certified laboratory test results shall be furnished to the Engineer for each shipment of homogenous consistency to be used on project areas or as directed by the Engineer. Tacking agent rates shall be adjusted to compensate for swell volume variation. Material tested with lesser volume shall have the tacking agent rate increased by the same percentage of decrease in swell volume from the standard 30 milliliters per gram. Material tested with greater volume may reduce tacking agent rates by the same percentage of increase in swell volume from the standard 30 milliliters per gram. Tacking agent shall be pure material without other starches, bentonite, or other compounds that would alter the swell volume test results of mucilage, or the effectiveness of the tacking. 810- 2.03 Riprap and Rock Mulch: Riprap for cut and fill transitions designated on the plans shal l be angular in shape and shall conform to the requirements of Section 913 of the specifications. Unless otherwise specified, riprap for cut and fill transitions shall conform to gradation A or B in the table below, as designated on the project plans. COMPOST MATERIAL Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Greater than 50 meq/100g Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio Less than 20:1 PH (of extract) 6 – 8.5 Organic Matter Content Greater than 25% Total Nitrogen (not added) Greater than 1% Humic Acid Greater than 5% Maturity Index Greater than 50% on Maturity Index at a 10:1 ratio Stability Less than 100 mb 02/Kg compost dry solids – hour TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1009 Sieve Size Percent Passing Gradation A Gradation B 6 inch 12 inch 90 - 100 4.24 inch 9 inch 70 - 85 3 inch 6 inch 30 - 50 2 inch 4 inch 5 - 15 1 inch 2 inch 0 - 5
Rock mulch for pipe inlet and outlet protection, headwall and wingwall treatment, and rock check dams shall be angular in shape and shall conform to the requirements of Section 803 of the specifications. Rock mulch shall be in accordance with gradation C below, unless otherwise specified. Section 803 of the specifications requirements for use of pre- emergent herbicide and for post -placement watering of rock mulch shall not apply to rock mulch applied under Section 810 of the specifications. Gradation C Rock Mulch (fractured/crushed rocks in angular shape) Sieve Size Percent Passing 3.75 inch 100 2.5 inch 50 - 75 2 inch 30 - 50 1 inch 10 - 20
810- 2.04 Sand Bags: Sand bags, when filled, shall measure approximately 24 inches long by 16 inches wide by 4 inches thick. Bags shall be manufactured from polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyamide woven fabric with the following characteristics: Unit Weight, Minimum, oz. per sq. yd. 4 Mullen Burst Strength:, Exceeding, psi 300 Ultraviolet Stability, Exceeding, % 70 Material used to fill sand bags shall be clean sand or a clean sandy soil free of silt, as approved by the Engineer. 810- 2.05 Erosion Control Blankets:
Erosion control blankets shall consist of temporary, degradable, rolled erosion- control products of short -term or extended- term duration, composed of natural fibers mechanically or structurally bound together with natural or polymer netting to form a continu ous matrix. Erosion control blankets of short -term duration shall have a minimum one- year degradation period for both the netting and fibers, and be composed of 100 percent virgin aspen excelsior wood fibers or 100 percent agricultural straw. Extended- term erosion control blankets shall TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1010 have a minimum two- year degradation period for the netting and fibers, and be composed of heavy- duty excelsior blankets, or a mix of 70 percent straw and 30 percent coconut fibers, or 100 percent coconut fibers. Heavy- duty excelsior blankets used in the extended- term category shall have a minimum weight of 0.7 pounds per square yard. All other types of blankets, whether for short -term or extended- term use, shall have a minimum weight of 0.5 pounds per square yard. Fibers for short -term erosion control blankets shall be encased top and bottom with photodegradable polypropylene or 100- percent biodegradable natural organic fiber netting, as specified on the plans. Should the plans not specify type of netting for short -term blankets, fibers shall be encased with photodegradable polypropylene. Fibers for extended- term blankets shall be encased within either a heavy duty UV - stabilized top netting (black) and bottom netting (green), or two UV - stabilized nettings (black). All netting for extended -term blankets shall be photodegradable polypropylene. Erosion control blankets shall also conform to the following requirements: Property Test Method Short -Term Duration Extend -Term Duration Minimum mass per unit area (ounces/sq. yd.) ASTM D6475 8 8* Minimum Thickness**
Minimum Tensile Strength (lbs./ft) *** ASTM D5035 75x75 100x100 Notes:
*Heavy duty blankets shall have a minimum mass per unit area of 11 ounces per square yard. **Numerical value represents total thickness of blanket, including netting. ***Numerical value represents minimum average test result in either direction. The contractor shall provide Certificates of Analysis, in accordance with Subsection 106.05 of the specifications, for all erosion control blankets. Fiber color shall be natural unless otherwise specified in the special provisions. Fibers shall be free of weed seed, and shall be locked in place to form a mat of consistent thickness. Erosion control blankets using straw shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 810- 2.05(B) of the specifications. Fibers shall remain evenly distributed over the entire area of the bl anket after being placed on the slope. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1011 Erosion control blankets shall be furnished in 4 -foot to 8 -foot wide rolls, and shall be wrapped with suitable material to protect against moisture and extensive ultraviolet exposure prior to placement. Each roll shall be labeled to provide sufficient identification for quality control purposes. Staples shall be U -shaped, 11 gauge steel wire, and shall be 1 inch wide by 6 inches long or 2 inches wide by 8 inches long.
All wheat straw shall be free from noxious weeds in compliance with the standards and procedures of the Arizona Crop Improvement Association
The contractor shall provide documentation that the product containing wheat straw was manufactured solely from straw certified as free of noxious weeds by the ACIA or NAWMA. Such certification shall be provided to the Engineer prior to delivery of the products to the project site. Products using wheat straw without such certifi cation will not be acceptable. 810- 2.06 Sediment Logs, Sediment Wattles, and Fiber Rolls:
Sediment logs, sediment wattles, and fiber rolls shall be manufactured or constructed rolls of fiber matrix, secured with netting, and used for the purpose of controlling erosion by slowing high flow water velocity and trapping silt sediments. Netting for fiber rolls and sediment wattles shall have a minimum durability of one year after installation, and shall be tightly secured at each end of the individual rolls. All wheat straw used in sediment logs, sediment wattles, and fiber rolls shall comply with the requirements of Subsection 810- 2.05(B) of the specifications. The unit weight for wattles and fiber rolls shall be 0.144 pounds per inch of diameter per linear foot. Sediment log unit weight shall be 0.167 pounds per inch of diameter per linear foot. The minimum weight per linear foot for sediment logs, wattles, and fiber rolls shall be determined by multiplying the specified diameter of the device by the appropriate unit weight, in pounds per inch of diameter per linear foot, as specified above. Netting at each end of sediment logs and wattles shall be secured with metal clips or knotted ends to assure fiber containment.
Sediment logs shall be constructed of 100 percent curled- fiber aspen wood excelsior with interlocking barbs, and with 80 percent ( ±10 percent) of the fiber at least 6 inches in length. Netting shall consist of TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1012 long -term degradable, open weave, plastic or natu ral fiber containment mesh, with a maximum 1 -inch by 1 -inch grid. Sediment logs may also be filled with compost conforming to the requirements of Subsection 810- 2.02 of the specifications. Mesh shall be photodegradable or biodegradable with a life expect ancy of 12 to 24 months. Sediment logs shall be twenty inches in diameter. Unless approved by the Engineer, sediment logs shall be 10 feet ( ±10 percent) in length.
Sediment wattles shall be manufactured rolls composed of weed- free, 100- percent agricultural wheat or rice straw, or excelsior wood fiber, encased in a tube of long -term photodegradable plastic or biodegradable natural fiber netting with a maximum 1 -inch by 1 -inch grid. Sediment wattles shall have nominal diameters of 9, 12, or 18 inches, with lengths from 7 to 25 feet, as specified on the plans. Fibers shall be evenly distributed throughout the wattle. Wattles composed of wheat straw shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 810- 2.05(B) of the specifications. Wheat straw wattles without the specified certification will not be acceptable.
Fiber rolls shall be constructed from heavyweight manufactured blankets consisting of wood excelsior, straw, or coconut fibers, or any combination of such fibers, mechanically or structurally bound together with natural or polymer netting to form a continuous matrix. Blankets used to construct fiber rolls shall be between 6.5 and 8 feet wide by approximately 50 feet long. Wood excelsior blankets shall have 80 percent of its fibers equal to or greater than 6 inches. Blankets used to construct the fiber rolls shall have photodegradable plastic or biodegradable natural netting, with a maximum 1 -inch by 1 -inch grid, on at least one side. Fiber rolls containing any amount of wheat straw shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 810 -2.05(B) of the specifications. Fiber rolls with wheat straw that are not certified as specified herein will not be acceptable. The contractor shall produce fiber rolls by rolling the blankets along their width to produce 50- foot lengths, and securing the rolls with jute twine spaced at 6.5- foot intervals along the roll for the full length and at 6 inches from each end. If shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer, the contractor shall cut the blankets before rolling to produce completed fiber roll lengths of between 14 and 50 feet. The nominal diameter of the finished rolls shall be 9, 12, or 18 inches, as specified on the plans. Overlapping of more than one blanket may be req uired to achieve larger diameters. When overlapping is required, the end of one blanket shall overlap 6 inches onto the end of the next blanket prior to rolling. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1013 810- 2.07 Sediment Control Berms: Sediment control berms shall consist of soil obtained from w ithin the project limits, or compost, or both, as called for on the plans. Compost and tacking agent used in sediment control berms shall conform to the material requirements of Subsection 810- 2.02 of the specifications. 810- 3 Construction Requirements: The contractor shall implement the SWPPP throughout the project, as specified in Subsection 104.09 of the Special Provisions. Erosion control features shall be temporary or permanent, as designated herein. Temporary erosion control features specified for removal at the end of the project shall become the property of the contractor, unless designated by the Engineer to be left for permanent use. 810- 3.01 Silt Fences: Installation and maintenance requirements for silt fences shall be accordance with Section 915 of the specifications, unless otherwise specified. 810- 3.02 Compost Stabilization: Compost stabilization shall be applied as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. 810- 3.03 Riprap and Rock Mulch: Riprap used in cut and fill transitions; and rock mulch treatments for pipe inlets and outlets, headwalls and wingwalls, and rock check dams; shall be installed in accordance with the project plans and details or as directed by the Engineer. Rock shall be installed so as to conform t o and completely cover the treatment area shown on the plans with a uniform, cohesive rock unit. The rock shall not impede flow into the treatment area and shall be feathered at the outflow. Accumulated debris shall be removed and disposed of by the contr actor after each rain storm, or as directed by the Engineer. Pipe treatments, headwall and wingwall treatments, and cut and fill transitions are permanent project features which shall remain in continuous service after installation and project completion. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1014 Rock check dams shall remain in service until the seeding work commences or until they are no longer needed, as approved by the Engineer. When use of a rock check dam is discontinued, the materials shall be removed and wasted on site in a manner that will not impede designed drainage flows, as approved by the Engineer. 810- 3.04 Sand Bags: The work shall include furnishing sand bags and sand, preparing the filled bags, and installing filled sand bags where shown on the plans or as approved by the Engineer. Sand bags in the vicinity of curbs and catch basins shall be installed to 2 inches below the height of the adjacent curb to allow drainage into the catch basin. When sediment depth behind the sand bags reaches 3 inches, the sediment shall be removed and disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal laws and permit requirements. Sand bag features shall remain in service until disturbed areas have been stabilized, as directed by the Engineer. When the use of a sand bag feature is discontinued, all materials shall be removed and become the property of the contractor. During removal, all sediment shall be disposed of, and the area restored to a finished condition as shown on the plans, or as directed by the Engineer. 810- 3.05 Erosion Control Blankets:
Erosion control blankets shall be installed in accordance with the project plans and details, or as directed by the Engineer in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For slope installations short -term duration blankets, as specified in Subsection 810- 2.05 of the specifications, shall be used for slopes from 4:1 (horizontal to vertical) to 2:1. Extended- term blankets shall be used for slopes steeper than 2:1. For channel installations erosion control blankets shall conform to the requirements for extended- term duration. The contractor shall coordinate with the blanket supplier for a qualified representative of the blanket supplier to be present at the job site at the start of installation to provide technical assistance as needed.
Erosion control blankets shall be oriented in vertical strips and anchored with 6-inch long staples in cohesive soil and 8 -inch long staples in non- cohesive soil. A 2 -to-5 inch overlap, or as required by the manufacturer, shall be required for side seams. A 6- inch overlap, shingle- style, shall TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1015 be required for blanket ends. The distribution of staples shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. A 6 -inch deep by 6-inch wide trench shall be located at the top of the slope. The erosion control blankets shall be stapled to the bottom of the trench with staples spaced 6 inches apart across the width of the blanket. The trench shall then be backfilled and compacted.
For channel installations, erosion control blankets shall be installed parallel to the flow of water. The first blanket shall be centered longitudinally in mid- channel and anchored with staples, as recommended by the manufacturer. Subsequent blankets shall follow from channel center outward. The distribution of staples shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. Successive lengths of erosion control blankets shall be overlapped a minimum of 6 inches with the upstream end on top. Staple the overlap across the end of the overlapping lengths with staples spaced 6 inches apart. A 6-inch deep by 6 -inch wide trench shall be located at the upstream and top of side slope terminations of the blankets. The erosion control blankets shall be stapled to the bottom of the trench, with staples spaced 6 inches apart across the width of the blanket. The trench shall be backfilled and compacted. 810- 3.06 Sediment Logs, Sediment Wattles, and Fiber Rolls:
Sediment logs shall be installed in channel bottoms, around catch basins, as check dams, or on slopes, as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Sediment logs shall be secured with 1 -inch by 1-inch by 46-inch hardwood stakes placed with a maximum spacing of 2 feet on center, or as shown on the plans. Each stake shall be intertwined with the netting on the downstream side of the log and driven approximately 2 feet below finished grade. Unless otherwise specified, soil shall be tamped against the upstream side of the log to assure that storm water is forced to flow through the log rat her than under it. Sediment logs installed in drainage channel bottoms shall be perpendicular to the flow of the water, and shall continue up the channel side slope 2 feet above the high water flow line. Spacing of the logs shall be as specified in the pl ans. When sediment logs are used to construct check dams, the logs placed on the ground shall be buried 4 to 6 inches deep as shown on plans. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1016 Logs placed on slopes shall be installed in a 2 inch deep by 5 inch wide anchor trench. The ends of adjacent logs shall be abutted tightly together so that water cannot undermine the logs.
Sediment wattles shall be installed on slopes as shown on the plans, and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, or as directed by the Engineer. Sediment wattles shall be secured with wooden stakes as shown on the plans. The ends of adjacent wattles shall be abutted tightly together.
Fiber rolls shall be installed on slopes as shown on the plans, and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, or as directed by the Engineer. If no spacing is shown on the plans, fiber rolls shall be placed as specified in the table below. Fiber rolls shall be installed in a 2 -inch deep by 5 -inch wide anchor trench. Fiber rolls shall be secured with wooden stakes having a 3/4- inch by 3/4- inch minimum cross- sectional dimension and 3- foot minimum length, or as shown on the plans. Each stake shall be driven through the center of the finished fiber roll, spaced a maximum of 3 feet apart, and drive n approximately 2 feet into the ground. The ends of adjacent rolls shall be abutted together. Fiber Roll Spacing Table Slope (Horizontal to Vertical) Spacing (feet) Less than 6:1 50 6:1 to 4:1 25 Greater than 4:1 and less than 2:1 17 2:1 to less than 1:1 10 1:1 and greater 5
810- 3.07 Sediment Control Berms: Sediment control berms shall be installed as shown on the plans. The berm shall be considered a temporary erosion control protection measure. As directed by the Engineer, the contractor shall remove segments of the berm within areas that have been successfully re- vegetated prior to allowing traffic operations. 810- 4 Method of Measurement: Silt Fence will be measured in accordance with Subsection 915- 5 of the specifications. Com post stabilization will be measured by the cubic yard of applied and tacked compost material. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1017 Pipe Inlet/Outlet Treatment, Headwall and Wingwall Treatment, and Rock Check Dams will be measured per cubic yard of rock mulch. Cut and Fill Transitions will be measured per cubic yard of riprap. Sand bags will be measured per each filled sand bag placed into service. Erosion control blankets will be measured by the square yard of total ground area covered. Sediment logs, sediment wattles, and fiber rolls will be measured by the linear foot. Sediment control berms will be measured by the linear foot along the center line of the berm, parallel to the ground surface. 810- 5 Basis of Payment: Silt Fence will be paid for in accordance with Subsection 915- 6 of the speci fications, except that no separate measurement and payment will be made for removal of sediment, the cost being considered a part of contract items. The accepted quantity of rock check dams, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard of rock mulch, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all excavation; preparation; and furnishing, installing, maintaining, final removal, and disposal or dispersion, including returning the area to a natural condition, as approved by the Engineer. The accepted quantity of Pipe Inlet/Outlet Treatment, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard of rock mulch, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all excavation; preparation; and furnishing, installing, and maintaining of Pipe Inlet/Outlet Treatment, as approved by the Engineer. The accepted quantity of Headwall and Wingwall Treatment, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard of rock mulch, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all excavation; preparation; and furnishing, installing, and maintaining of Headwall and Wingwall Treatment, as approved by the Engineer. The accepted quantity of Cut and Fill Transitions, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard of riprap, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all excavation; preparation; and furnishing, installing, and maintaining of Cut and Fill Transitions, as approved by the Engineer. The accepted quantities of sand bags, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per each sand bag, which price TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1018 shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all excavation; preparation; and furnishing, installing, maintaining, final removal, and disposal of temporary sand bags, including retur ning the area to a natural condition, as approved by the Engineer. No separate measurement and payment will be made for removal of sediment, the cost being considered a part of contract items. The accepted quantities of erosion control blankets, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all excavation and preparation; and furnishing, installing, and maintaining the erosion control blankets, as approved by the Engineer. Such unit bid price shall be considered full compensation for either short -term or extended- term blankets. No additional payment will be made for technical assistance provided by representatives of the blanket supplier, the cost being considered as included in the unit bid price. The accepted quantities of sediment logs, sediment wattles, and fiber rolls, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot, which price shall be f ull compensation for all labor, including excavation, preparation, and installation, and all materials, tools, stakes, equipment, and incidentals necessary for furnishing and installing the devices, complete in place, as approved by the Engineer. No additi onal payment will be made for sediment logs used as check dams, the cost being considered as included in the unit bid price paid for sediment logs. The accepted quantities of compost stabilization, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard of compost material applied and tacked, as directed by the Engineer. Such price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all materials, preparation, installation, tacking, maintenance, and removal of the compost -stabilization area. The accepted quantities of sediment control berms, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot, regardless of the type of material used. Such price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including all materials, preparation, compaction, installation, and maintenance, and removal of the sediment control berm. No additional measurement or payment will be made for temporary features subsequently designated by the Engineer as permanent, the cost being considered as included in the unit bid price. No additional measurement or payment will be made for associated earthwork, ground preparation, overlapping, stakes, silt and debris removal and disposal, or maintenance, the cost being considered as included in the unit bid price.
TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1019 SECTION 901 MOBILIZATION : 901- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of preparatory work and operations, including but not limited to, the movement of personnel, equipment, supplies and incidentals to the project site; the establishment of all offices, buildings and other facilities necessary for work on the project, and for all other work and operations that must be performed and costs incurred prior to beginning work on the various items on the project site. 901- 2 Blank : 901- 3 Blank : 901- 4 Method of Measurement: Mobilization will be measured for payment by the lump sum as a single complete unit of work. 901- 5 Basis of Payment : Payment for mobilization, measured as provided above, will be made at the contract lump sum price, which shall be full compensation for supplying and furnishing all materials, facilities and services and performing all the work involved as specified herein. Partial payments under this item will be made in accordance with the following provisions. Reference herein to the adjusted contract shall mean the original contract amount exclusive of mobilization:
be paid after the Preconstruction Conference provided that all submissions required under Subsection 108.03 of the specifications are submitted by the contractor at the Preconstruction Conference to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The amount paid for the first partial payment will be in accordance with Table 901- 1;
significant amount of equipment has been mobilized to the project site which will be used to perform portions of the contract work. The amount paid for the second partial payment will be in accordance with Table 901- 1;
be made on the first estimate following compl etion of 5 percent of the adjusted contract. Such percentage TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1020 determination will not include partial payments for material on hand. The amount paid for the third payment will be in accordance with Table 901- 1;
will be made on the first estimate following completion of 10 percent of the adjusted contract. Such percentage determi nation will not include partial payments for material on hand. The amount paid for the fourth payment will be in accordance with Table 901- 1; and
contract lump sum price for mobilization, regardless of the fact that the contractor may have, for any reason, shut down its work on the project or moved its equipment away from the project and back again. TABLE 901 -1 AMOUNT ALLOWED FOR MOBILIZATION DURING THE LIFE OF THE CONTRACT Contract Amount: $ % Of Contract Basis of Payment 0 - 5,000,000 12% * 25% of the lump sum price for mobilization or 3% of the original contract amount, whichever is less. 5,000,000 + 10% * 25% of the lump sum price for mobilization or 2.5% of the original contract amount, whichever is less. Note:
* If the price bid for mobilization exceeds this percentage, any excess will be paid to the contractor upon completion of the contract. The adjustment provisions in Section 104 of the specifications and the retention of funds provisions in Section 109 of the specifications shall not apply to the item of mobilization. When other contract items are adjusted as provided in Section 104 of the specifications, and if the costs applica ble to such items of work include mobilization costs, such mobilization costs will be considered as recovered by the contractor in the lump sum price paid for mobilization, and will be excluded from consideration in determining compensation under Section 104 of the specifications. When mobilization is not included as a contract item, full compensation for any necessary mobilization required will be considered as included in the prices paid for the various contract items involved and no additional compensati on will be made. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1021 SECTION 902 CHAIN LINK FENCE : 902- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of furnishing all materials and constructing chain link fence and gates at the locations and in accordance with the details shown on the plans. Chain link fence shall be either Type 1 or 2 and shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of these specifications. The type and height of chain link fence to be constructed wil l be shown on the project plans. Chain link fabric shall be constructed of either zinc- coated steel or aluminum -coated steel. Posts, hardware and fittings shall be either zinc- coated steel or aluminum -coated steel. The option used shall be the same on any one project. The work under this section shall also include constructing chain link fence and gates from salvage. 902- 2 Materials: 902- 2.01 General: Certificates of Compliance conforming to the requirements of Subsection 106.05 of the specifications shall be submitted for all materials except for Subsection 902- 2.08 of the specifications. Barbed Wire will be sampled and tested in accordance with methods used by the Department and will require written approval by the Engineer prior to being incorporated into the work. 902- 2.02 Posts:
Posts shall be round pipe, H -section or roll -formed and shall conform to the nominal dimensional requirements shown on the plans. In addition, the material of which posts are fabricated shall have a nominal thickness, before galvanizing, of not less than 0.111 inches. The option of post type used shall be the same on any one project. Posts shall have provisions to securely hold the top tension wire in position and al low for removal and replacement of a post without damaging the top tension wire. Tubular posts shall be fitted with rain- proof tops. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1022
Pipe shall be zinc- coated (galvanized) round steel pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM A53, Type E or S, Grade A, Standard Weight, Schedule 40 or shall be round pipe conforming to all of the requirements of AASHTO M 181 for Grade 2 pipe. In addition, Grade 2 pipe furnished with an organic topcoat shall have a separate chromate chemical treatment of 15 mi crograms per square inch applied to the zinc coating prior to application of the organic topcoat.
H-section posts shall be manufactured from steel conforming to the minimum requirements of AASHTO M 223, Grade 42, and shall meet the zinc coating, strength and dimensional requirements of AASHTO M 181 for Type I, Grade 1 steel posts.
Roll formed posts shall be manufactured from steel sheet and strip conforming to the minimum requirements of ASTM A570, Grade 45 and shall meet the strength and dimensional requirements of AASHTO M 181 for Type I roll -formed posts. The required coating shall be a hot -dip zinc coating in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M 181 for Grade 1 steel posts or a coating system meeting the ext erior coating requirements of AASHTO M 181 for Grade 2 round steel posts consisting of a hot -dip zinc coating, chromate chemical treatment, and organic topcoat. 902- 2.03 Concrete: Concrete for post footings shall be utility concrete conforming to the requirements of Section 922 of the specifications. 902- 2.04 Fence Fabric: Steel wire constituting the fence fabric shall meet the minimum breaking strength shown in Table 2 of AASHTO M 181 for Type I or II wire when tested in accor dance with AASHTO T 68. Chain link fence fabric shall be either zinc- coated or aluminum -coated steel wire fence fabric. Zinc- coated steel fabric shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A392, Class 1 coating. Aluminum -coated steel fabric shall conform t o the requirements of ASTM A491, with a minimum weight of coating of 0.40 ounces per square foot of wire surface area. The wire used for aluminum -coated chain link fence fabric shall be coated before weaving into fabric. The wire used in the manufacture of the fabric shall be 11 gauge for all fence fabric 60 inches or less in height and shall be nine gauge for fabrics greater than 60 inches in height. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1023 Chain link fence fabric shall be woven throughout in the form of approximately 2-inch square mesh. Fabri c 60 inches or less in height shall be furnished with knuckling on one selvage and barbing on the other, and fabric over 60 inches shall be furnished with barbing on both selvages. 902- 2.05 Tension Wire and Fabric Fasteners: Tension wire shall be seven gauge (0.177 inch diameter) coil spring steel wire of good commercial quality with a minimum tensile strength of 75,000 pounds per square inch, and shall be zinc- coated or aluminum - coated. Zinc- coated steel wire shall have a minimum coating of 0.8 ounces per square foot of uncoated wire surface. Aluminum -coated steel wire shall have a minimum coating of 0.4 ounces per square foot of uncoated wire surface. Tie wires, hog rings and post clips shall be zinc- coated or aluminum - coated steel of good commercial quality and shall be of the same diameter and breaking strength as the fence fabric being fastened. The minimum weight of zinc- coating shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A641, Class 3. The minimum weight of aluminum coating shall be 0.4 ounces per sq uare foot of wire surface area. 902- 2.06 Truss Rods and Tighteners: Truss rods and tighteners shall be fabricated from commercial quality steel and shall be zinc- coated in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M 111. Truss rods shall be 3/8- inch diam eter adjustable rods. Truss tighteners shall have a strap thickness of not less than 1/4 inch. 902- 2.07 Miscellaneous Fittings and Hardware: Structural bars, stretcher bar bands, post caps and miscellaneous hardware shall be fabrica ted from commercial quality steel and shall be zinc- coated in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M 111. Stretcher bars shall be 3/16- inch by 3/4- inch steel flat bars. Stretcher bar bands shall be 1/8- inch by 1-inch preformed steel bands. 902- 2.08 Barbed Wire and Barbed Wire Support Arm: Barbed wire for use with Type 2 chain link fence shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 903- 2.04(A) of the specifications. Barbed wire support arm shall be of the type shown on the plans, shall be fabr icated from commercial quality steel, and shall be zinc- coated in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO M 111. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1024 902- 2.09 Gates: Gates shall be of the sizes shown on the plans. Gates greater than 8 feet in wi dth shall have a vertical member installed at the midway point of the gate. Gate frames shall be constructed of not less than 1- 1/2 inch steel pipe and interior vertical members shall be constructed of not less than 1 - inch pipe. Pipe shall be zinc- coated steel pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM A53, Standard Weight, Schedule 40, or shall be round pipe conforming to all of the requirements of AASHTO M 181 for Class 2 pipe. Gate frames shall be fastened together at the corners by welding. Welding shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the American Welding Society, Structural Welding Code, D1.1- 80 and as modified by AASHTO Standard Specifications for Welding of Structural Steel Highway Bridges. Truss rods and tighteners for the gate frames shall conform to the requirements specified herein under Subsection 902- 2.05 of the specifications. Fabric for the gates shall be of the same kind used for the adjoining chain link fence and shall be attached to the gate frame by the use of stretch bars, stretcher bands and tie wires as specified under Subsection 902- 3.03 of the specifications. Gates shall be hung by at least two steel, ductile iron or malleable iron hinges not less than 3 inches in width, so designed as to securely clamp to the gate post and permit the gate to be swung back against the fence. Gates shall be provided with a combination steel, ductile iron or malleable iron catch and locking attachment which will not rotate around the latch post. Stops to hold gates open shall be provided where required. 902- 3 Construction Requirements: 902- 3.01 General: In areas where there is livestock, the contractor shal l take all measures necessary to restrict the livestock to the land where it is being kept. The contractor shall furnish all materials and construct temporary fence, gates and cattle guards as may be necessary to restrict the livestock as specified. Existing fences that are to remain in place and which have been damaged by the contractor's operations shall be replaced or restored by the contractor at no additional cost to the Department in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 107.12 of the specific ations. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1025 The contractor shall clear the fence lines of all earth, trees, brush and other obstructions which interfere with the proper construction of the fences, unless the Engineer orders certain trees to remain in place. Disposal of removed material shal l be in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 201- 3.02 of the specifications. Clearing the fence line shall be within the highway right -of-way. Fence shall be constructed within the highway right -of-way as shown on the plans. 902- 3.02 Setting Posts: Line posts shall be spaced at not more than 10- foot intervals measured from center to center of posts and such measurement shall be made parallel to the slope of the natural ground. End, intermediate and corner post assemblies shall be as shown on the plans. Intermediate post assemblies shall be spaced at 500- foot intervals or midway between pull posts when the distance between such posts is less than 1,000 feet and more than 500 feet. All posts shall be placed in a vertical position, except in unusual locations where the Engineer may direct that the posts be set perpendicular to the ground surface. All posts shall be set in concrete footings conforming to the details shown on the plans and crowned at the top to shed water. Fence fabric or w ire shall not be attached to the posts until the concrete has cured a minimum of 72 hours. At locations where a change in the vertical alignment of the fence line forms an angle of deflection of 10 degrees or more, a corner post assembly shall be provided. A change in the horizontal alignment of the fence line where the angle of deflection is 30 degrees or more shall be considered as a corner and a corner post assembly shall be installed. 902- 3.03 Installing Fence Fabric: Chain link fence fabric shall be f astened on the outward facing side of the posts, unless otherwise specified by the Engineer. The fabric shall be stretched taut and fastened to the posts and between posts the top and bottom edges of the fabric shall be fastened to the tension wires. The tension wires shall be stretched tight and installed on a straight grade between posts. The distance from the top of the fabric to the top tension wire shall be 2 inches maximum. The fabric shall be fastened to end, corner, latch, gate and pull posts with stretcher bars and stretcher bar bands. Stretcher bar bands shall be spaced at intervals not exceeding 14 inches. The fabric shall be fastened to the line posts with the wires or post clips spaced at intervals not exceeding 14 inches and to the tension wires with the wires or hog rings spaced at 18 inches center to center. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1026 Selvage at bottom of chain link fence fabric shall be barbed, unless otherwise specified. Selvage at top of chain link fence fabric shall be barbed for heights over 60 inches, and shall be knuckled for heights 60 inches or less. 902- 3.04 Barbed Wire: Barbed wire for Type 2 fence shall be pulled taut before being permanently attached to the barbed wire extension ar ms and to the posts. Barbed wire across the top of a gate frame shall be made taut by means of eye bolts or ratchet bands at each end. A maximum of two splices on barbed wire will be allowed between post assemblies but not on the same wire. No splicing w ill be allowed within 100 feet of a pull post. 902- 3.05 Construct Chain Link Fence from Salvage: Portions of the existing chain link fence, including gates, designated for removal and salvage shall be constructed at the new locations shown on the project plans and shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions specified herein for new chain link fence. The contractor may, at its option and at no additional cost to the Department, construct new chain link fence in lieu of constructing chain link fence from salvage. If the contractor elects to construct new chain link fence, the fence materials originally designated for construction from salvage shall become the property of the contractor. All posts, pipe, fabric or hardware which are deemed by the Engineer to be unsuitable for use in reconstructing the chain link fence shall be removed and disposed of as directed by the Engineer. If any of these materials require replacement to complete the quantity of chain link fence to be constructed, the materials shall be furnished by the contractor and will be paid for as specified in Subsection 109.04 of the specifications. 902- 4 Method of Measurement: Chain link fence will be measured by the linear foot of each type and size of fence specified. Measurement will be made along the top of the completed fence from outside to outside of end posts, excluding the widths of gate openings. Gate posts and latch posts will be considered as included in the measurement of the completed fence. Gates will be measured by the unit of each type and size of gate specified. A gate unit complete in place shall include the necessary fittings, hardware, and gate bracing. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX