Division IX — Traffic Control Devices
81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
81-1 General
81-1.01 General
Section 81 -1 includes general specifications for fabricating, installing, and placing miscellaneous traffic control devices . Traffic control devices must comply with the California MUT CD.
81-1.02 Materials
Not Used
81-1.03 Construction
Not Used
81-1.04 Payment
Not Used
81-2 Delineators
81-2.01 General
81-2.01A Summary
Section 81 -2 includes specifications for fabricating and installing delineators .
81-2.01B Definitions
Reserved
81-2.01C Submittals
Submit a certificate of compliance for:
1.Metal target plates
2.Enamel coating
81-2.01D Quality Assurance
When tested und er California Test 671, the enamel coating on a metal target plate must have satisfactory resistance to weathering, humidity, salt spray, and chemicals. The enamel coating must have:
1.Satisfactory adherence and impact resistance
2.Pencil lead hardness o f at least HB
3.60-degree specular gloss of at least 80 percent
4.Excitation purity of no more than 3 percent: 4.1. As received 4.2. After 1,000 hours in an artificial weathering device when tested under ASTM G155, Table X3.1, Cycle 1
5.Daylight luminou s directional reflectance (Y value) of at least 70 The Department may sample metal target plates for testing a s shown in the following table: Metal Target Plate Sampling Production stage Lot size Sample size Finished target plates Less than 5,000 5 target plates 5,000 –10,000 10 target plates Flat sheet stock 10,000 sq ft or lessa Five 12 -by-24-inch specimens Coil stock 5,000 lb or less Two 12 -by-12-inch specimens or one 12 -by-24- inch specimen aFlat sheet stock must be identifiable with parent coil stock. SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The Department rejects the entire lot if any sample does not comply with section 81 or zinc -coated steel sheets show any evidence of damage to or removal of the zinc coating. If the Department chooses to resample, the sample quantity m ay be twice the number shown in the table titled "Metal Target Plate Sampling."
81-2.02 Materials
81-2.02A General
A delineator must be on the Authorized Material List for signing and delineation materials. A delineator consists of a post and 2 target plates.
81-2.02B Wood Posts
Wood posts must comply with section 82 -3.02C.
81-2.02C Metal Posts
The steel for a metal post must comply with ASTM A36/A36M. A metal post must be galvanized under section 75.
81-2.02D Flexible Posts
A flexible post mu st be:
1.White except where shown as yellow
2.Free from burns, discoloration, contamination, and other objectionable marks or defects that affect appearance or serviceability
81-2.02E Target Plates
Galvanize steel sheets under section 75. Zinc -coated s teel sheets must comply with ASTM A653/A 653M, Commercial Steel, Types A, B, and C. The nominal thickness of a zinc -coated steel sheet must be at least 0.038 inch. Prepare zinc -coated surfaces to produce optimum adherence of the enamel coating without dama ging or removing the zinc coating. An aluminum target plate must be aluminum alloy 3003 -H14. You may use other alloys having equivalent properties if authorized. The nominal thickness of an aluminum sheet must be at least 0.050 inch. Prepare the aluminum s heets for the enamel coating by cleaning to remove contaminants and uniformly applying an acid -chromate -fluoride, acid -chromate -fluoride phosphate, or equivalent chemical anticorrosion conversion coating. Cut each target plate to size and shape and punch t he mounting bolt holes. The surfaces and edges of each target plate must be free from fabrication defects. Coat th e pretreated metal target plate with an opaque white coating on both sides using a 1 -coat or 2 - coat system. When tested under California Test 671, the dry film for the:
1.1-coat system must be uniform and have an average thickness of at least 0.75 mil with no individual measurement less than 0.65 mil
2.2-coat system must consist of 0.10 -to 0.20 -mil-thick primer and have an average thickness o f at least 0.75 mil, including primer and top coat, with no individual measurement less than 0.65 mil For a 1 -coat painting system, fabricate the zinc -coated steel target plate, including shearing, cutting, and punching, before starting the enameling proc ess. The enamel coating on a metal target plate must be the product of a commercial manufacturer. Apply the enamel coating by spray, dip, roller, continuous roller coating, or other authorized method. The coating must be smooth and substantially free from flow lines, paint washout, streaks, blisters, and other defects that might impair serviceability or detract from the general appearance. SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES A finished meta l target plate must be free from dents and defects. The maximum edge -to-edge sur face deviation from a horizontal plane must not exceed 1/8 inch.
81-2.02F Hardware
Attach a target plate with either (1) 1/4 -inch galvanized steel or aluminum nuts and bolts or (2) 3/16 -inch blind aluminum rivets and washers.
81-2.02G 81-2.02L Reserved
81-2.03 Construction
Drive the post in place where soil conditions allow if the driving method does not damage the post. Drill pilot holes if ground conditions are such that the post cannot be driven without being damaged. Install the target plates after t he post is set in place. After setting the post, fill any space around it with rock -free earth. Thoroughly tamp and water the fill material such that it holds the post securely in position. Unless the surplus material is hazardous, uniformly spread it alon g the adjacent roadway where designated by the Engineer. Before Contract acceptance, spot paint any exposed areas where the paint is damaged and clean any exposed areas that are soiled.
81-2.04 Payment
Not Used
81-3 Pavement Markers
81-3.01 General
81-3.01A Summary
81-3.01B Definitions
Reserved
81-3.01C Submittals
Submit a certificate of compliance for each type of pavement marker used.
81-3.01D Quality Assurance
Reserved
81-3.02 Materials
81-3.02A General
A pavement marker must be on the Authorized Material List for signing and delineation materials. Pavement markers must be packaged in a way tha t prevents damage. Each package must be marked with:
1.Manufacturer's name
2.Type
3.Color
4.Quantity
5.Lot number
6.Date of manufacture Protect pavement markers from moisture during shipment to the job site and when stored at the job site. SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
81-3.02B Reserved
81-3.02C Retroreflective Pavement Markers
The exterior surface of a retroreflective pavement marker must be smooth and contain 1 or 2 retroreflective faces of the specified color. The base of the marker must be rough textured and free f rom gloss and substances that could reduce the adhesive bond. The base must be flat within a 0.05 -inch tolerance. A retroreflective pavement marker must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Retroreflective Pavement Marker Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Bond strength (min, psi)a 500 Compressive strength (min, lb)b 2,000 Compressive strength, recessed markers (min, lb) 1,200 Abrasion resistance, specific intensity minimum requirements after abrasion Pass Water soak resistance California Test 669 No delamination of the body and lens system or loss of reflectance Reflectance : Specific intensity Clear Yellow Red 0° incidence angle (min) 3.0 1.5 0.75 20° incidence angle (min) 1.2 0.60 0.30 1 year after placement 0.30 0.15 0.08 aThe marker body or filler material must not fail before reaching 500 psi under the bond strength test. bThe marker must not deform more than 0.125 inch at a load of less than 2,000 lb, and delamination of the shell and filler material must not exceed 0.125 inch regardless of the compressive load required to break the marker.
81-3.02D Hot Melt Bituminous Adhesive
Standard hot melt bituminous adhesive must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Penetration, 100 g, 5 seconds, 77 °F (dmm) ASTM D5 10–20 Softening point (min, °F) ASTM D36 200 Flash point, COC (min, °F) ASTM D92 550 Filler content (percent by weight) (insoluble in 1,1,1 trichloroethane) ASTM D2371 65–75 Brookfield thermosel viscosity, no. 27 spindle, 20 rpm, 400 °F (centipoise) ASTM D4402 3,000 –6,000 Flexible hot melt bituminous adhesive must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Penetration, 100 g, 5 seconds, 77 °F (max, dmm) ASTM D5 30 Softening point (min, °F) ASTM D36 200 Ductility, 2 in/min, 77 °F (min, in ch) 6 Ductility, 0.4 in/min, 39 °F (min, in ch) ASTM D113 2 Flexibility California Test 440 No breaks or cracks Brookfield thermosel viscosity, no. 27 spindle, 20 rpm, 375 °F (centipoise) ASTM D4402 2,500 –6,000 Bond strength to concrete (min, psi) California Test 440 100 Bond strength to retroreflective pavement marker (min, psi) California Test 440 120 SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The filler material must be Type PC, Grade III, calcium carbonate complying with ASTM D1199. The fineness of the filler material must comply with the gradation r equirements shown in the following table: Sieve size Percentage passing No. 100 100 No. 200 95 No. 325 75
81-3.02E Epoxy Adhesive
The e poxy adhesive must be either rapid set or standard set.
81-3.03 Construction
81-3.03A General
Establish the alignment for placing pavement markers. Do not place pavement markers over longitudinal or transverse joints in the pavement surface. Place pavement markers when the pavement surface is dry. Before placing pavement markers, remove undesirable material from the pavement surface, including dirt, curing compound, grease, oil, loose or unsound layers, and paint. Regardless of the pavement's age or type, clean the surface by abrasive blast cleaning except where you apply hot melt bituminous adhesive on clean asphalt concrete or on a new clean seal coat. Apply pavement markers to the pavement with bituminous adhesive, flexible bituminous adhesive, standard set epoxy, or rapid set epoxy adhesive. Apply markers in pavement recesses with flexible bituminous adhesive. Comply with the manufacturer's installation instructions for the type of adhesive used. Completely cover the pavement surface where the pavement marker is to be applied or the bottom of the pavement marker with the adhesive without leaving any vo ids. Place the marker into position and firmly apply pressure until contact is made with the pavement. Apply enough adhesive such that it protrudes around the marker's edges after pressing it into place. Place retroreflective pavement markers such that eac h retroreflective face is perpendicular to a line parallel to the roadway centerline. The Engineer determines when the adhesive has set long enough for newly installed pavement markers to bear traffic.
81-3.03B Hot Melt Bituminous Adhesive
If using hot melt bituminous adhesive, place pavement markers on asphalt concrete or a new seal coat
1.after the surface or seal coat has been open to traffic for at least 7 days and (2) when the pavement and ambient air temperatures are above 50 degrees F. Indirectl y heat hot melt bituminous adhesive in an applicator with continuous agitation or recirculation. Do not heat hot melt bituminous adhesive above the manufacturer's maximum safe heating temperature. Place pavement markers immediately after applying hot melt bituminous adhesive. Remove any adhesive from the marker's exposed lenses using a soft rag moistened with the manufacturer's instructed solvent.
81-3.03C Epoxy Adhesive
If using epoxy adhesive, place pavement markers on asphalt concrete or a new seal coat (1) after the surface or seal coat has been open to public traffic for at least 14 days and (2) at the pavement and ambient air temperatures complying with the epoxy adhesive manufacturer's instructions. Use automatic mixing equipment for the epoxy adhesi ve. The equipment must:
1.Have positive displacement pumps
2.Properly meter the 2 components of the epoxy adhesive in the specified ratio of ±5 percent by volume of either component SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The voids in an undisturbed sample of cured, mixed epoxy adhesive obtai ned from the extrusion nozzle of the mixing equipment must not exceed 4 percent. At the start of each day, check the ratio of the 2 components in the presence of the Engineer by (1) disconnecting the mixing heads or (2) using suitable bypass valves and fil ling 2 suitable containers with the unmixed components. The mixing head must properly mix the 2 components until black or white streaks are not visible in the mixed material. Apply epoxy adhesive and place pavement markers before the epoxy starts to thicke n. Apply enough epoxy such that it flows and protrudes around the marker's edges when a slight pressure is applied to the marker.
81-3.03D Pavement Recesses
Locate pavement recesses along the line or lines of new or existing stripes. Do not construct rece sses on existing structures. The e quipment used for recess construction must be power operated, mechanical, and capable of removing pavement to the dimensions shown. Remove residue with a vacuum before it is blown by traffic or wind. Do not allow the resid ue to flow across the pavement or into gutters or drainage facilities.
81-3.04 Payment
Not Used
81-4 81-7 Reserved
81-8 Existing Pavement Markers and Delineators
81-8.01 General
Section 81 -8 includes specifications for performing work on existing pavem ent markers and delineators.
81-8.02 Materials
Not Used
81-8.03 Construction
81-8.03A General
Reserved
81-8.03B Remove Pavement Markers
Remove pavement markers and the underlying adhesive by methods that cause the least possible damage to the pavement or surfacing. When removing ceramic -type pavement markers, use screens or other protective devices to contain fragments. Remove fragments from the removal work before opening the lanes to traffic.
81-8.03C Reserved
81-8.04 Payment
Not Used
81-9 81-10 Reserved
Source: California Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 1125–1130 of 1,372.