327-1 Description.
Remove existing asphalt concrete pavement by milling to improve the rideability and cross slope of the finished pavement, to lower the finished grade adjacent to existing curb before resurfacing, or to completely remove existing pavement. When milling to improve rideability, the Plans will specify an average depth of cut. Take ownership of milled material.
327-2 Equipment.
Provide a milling machine capable of maintaining a depth of cut and cross slope to achieve the results specified in the Contract Documents. Use a machine with a minimum overall length (out -to-out measurement excluding the conveyor) of 18 feet and a minimum cutting width of 6 feet. Equip the milling machine with a built-in automatic grade control system that can control the transverse slope and the longitudinal profile to produce the specified results. To start the project, the Engineer will approve any commercially manufactured milling machine that meets the abov e requirements. If it becomes evident after starting milling that the milling machine cannot consistently produce the specified results, the Engineer will reject the milling machine for further use. The Contractor may use a smaller milling machine when mi lling to lower the grade adjacent to existing curb or other areas where it is impractical to use the above described equipment. Equip the milling machine with means to effectively limit the amount of dust escaping during the removal operation. For comple te pavement removal, the Engineer may approve the use of alternate removal and crushing equipment in stead of the equipment specified above.
327-3 Construction.
327-3.1 General: Remove the existing raised pavement markers (RPMs) before milling.
Include the cost of removing existing RPMs in the price for milling. When milling to improve rideability or cross slope, remove the existing pavement to the average depth specified in the Plans, in a manner that will restore the pavement surface to a uniform cross slope and longitudinal profile. The Engineer may require the use of a stringline to ensure maintaining the proper alignment. Establish the longitudinal profile of the milled surface in accordance with the milling plans. Ensure the final cross slope of th e milled surface parallels the surface cross slope shown in the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Establish the cross slope of the milled surface by a second sensing device near the outside edge of the cut or by an automatic cross slope control mechani sm. The Plans may waive the requirement of automatic grade or cross slope controls where the situation warrants such action. Operate the milling machine to minimize the amount of dust being emitted. The Engineer may require prewetting of the pavement. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Provide positive drainage of the milled surface and the adjacent pavement. Perform this operation on the same day as milling. Pave all milled surfaces no later than the day after the surface was milled . If traffic is to be maintained on the milled surfac e before the placement of the new asphalt concrete, provide suitable transitions between areas of varying thickness to create a smooth longitudinal riding surface. Control milling operations to produce a pattern of striations and a texture that provide an acceptable riding surface. Before opening an area which has been milled to traffic, sweep the pavement and gutters with a power broom or other approved equipment to remove, to the greatest extent practicable, fine material which will create dust under tr affic. Sweep in a manner to minimize the potential for creation of a traffic hazard and to minimize air pollution. Do not sweep or allow milled asphalt into inlets. Sweep the milled surface with a power broom before placing asphalt concrete. In urban a nd other sensitive areas, use a street sweeper or other equipment capable of removing excess milled materials and controlling dust. Obtain the Engineer’s approval of such equipment, contingent upon its demonstrated ability to do the work. Perform the swe eping operation immediately after the milling operations or as directed by the Engineer.
327-3.1 1 Extended Time for Milled Surface Traffic: Upon approval of the
Engineer, the time period for maintaining traffic on a milled surface may be extended up to 3 calendar days before paving is required , provided the Contractor can demonstrate the ability to produce a milled surface texture with continuous, longitudinal milling striations with no gaps in the longitudinal striations, and drop off conditions are not exceeded. Gaps in the milling striations and cases where gaps create a diagonal pattern or chevron appearance are to be milled again such that continuous, longitudinal striations are achieved prior to allowing traffic on the milled surface. Photos of acce ptable and unacceptable surface texture are located at: https://www.fdot.gov/programmanagement/implemented/urlinspecs/milling -patterns Maintain adequate drainage on the milled surface and at transitions between milled and non -milled surfaces on the same day as milling. At no cost to the Department, re -mill or pave any area the Engineer determines to have an unacceptable ride, d oes not provide adequate pavement structure, or does not provide adequate drainage. If the Engineer determines the Contractor is unable to provide a milled surface meeting the Specification requirements above, at no cost to the Department, the Contractor will be required to pave all milled surfaces no later than the day after the surface was milled.
327-3.2 Quality Control R equirements: Furnish a four foot long electronic level
accurate to 0.1 degree, approved by the Engineer for the control of cross slope. Make this electronic level available at the jobsite at all times during milling operations. Calibrate and compare electronic levels in accordance with 330 -9.3.1 at a minimum frequency of once per day before any milling operatio n. Multiple cuts may be made to achieve the required pavement configuration or depth of cut.
327-3.2 1 Cross Slope Measurement: Measure the cross slope of the milled
surface by placing the level at the center of the lane and perpendicular to the roadwa y centerline. Record all the measurements to the nearest 0.1% on an approved form and submit the data to the Engineer. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
327-3.2 1.1 Cross Slope Measurement Frequency:
1.Tangent Sections: Measure the cross slope at a minimum frequency of one measurem ent every 100 feet per lane. When the average absolute deviation is consistently within the acceptance tolerance in Table 327-1, upon approval by the Engineer, the frequency of the cross slope measurements can be reduced to one measurement every 200 feet.
2.Superelevated Sections: Measure the cross slope every 100 feet per lane within the length of full superelevation. For curves where the length of full superelevation is less than 250 feet, measure the cross slope at the beginning point, mid point, and ending point of the fully superelevated section . For transition section s, measure the cross slope at control points identified in the Plans or, if not shown in the Plans, at a control point at a location of 0.0% cross slope.
327-3.2 1.2 Cross Slope Deviations and Corrections: Calculate the
absolute deviation of each cross slope measurement and the average of the absolute deviations of ten consecutive cross slope measurements. The absolute deviation is the positive value of a deviation. In superelevated sections, when the number of measurements is less than ten, average the absolute deviation of all measurements. If the average absolute deviation of any cross slope measurement falls outside the acceptance tolerance shown in Table 327-1, stop the milling operations and make adjustments until the problem is resolved to the satisfaction of the Engineer. If an individual cross slope deviation falls outside the acceptance tolerance as shown in Table 327-1, make corrections only in the defi cient area to the satisfaction of the Engineer at no cost to the Department. For pavement with multiple cuts, the deficient areas not caused by the final cut may be left in place upon approval of the Engineer. All milling corrections shall be completed bef ore placement of the asphalt course unless stated otherwise in the Plans or as determined by the Engineer. The limits of deficient areas requiring correction may be verified and adjusted with more accurate measurement methods, including survey instrume nts, upon approval of the Engineer and at no cost to the Department . Should the Contractor wish to have any required corrections waived, submit a request to the Engineer for approval. The Engineer may waive the corrections at no reduction in payment if the deficiencies are sufficiently separated so as not to significantly affect the final cross slope or project grade. For intersections, tapers, crossovers, transitions at the beginning and end of the project, bridge approaches and similar areas, adju st the cross slope to match the actual site conditions, or as directed. Table 327-1 Cross Slope Milling Acceptance Tolerance Roadway Feature Individual Absolute Deviation Average Absolute Deviation Tangent section (including turn lanes) 0.4% 0.2% Superelevated curve 0.4% 0.2% Shoulder 0.5% 0.5% FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents In the event the distance between t wo edges of deficient areas is less than 100 feet, the correction work shall include the area between the deficient areas.
327-3.3 Verification: The Engineer will verify the Contractor’s cross slope
measurements by randomly taking a minimum of ten cross slope measurements per lane per mile in tangent sections, at control points in transition sections, and a minimum of three cross slope measurement s in fully superelevated sections. The Engineer will measure the cross slope of the milled surface by placing the level at the center of the lane and perpendicular to the roadway centerline.
327-3.3 1 Cross Slope Deviations and Corrections: If the averag e absolute
deviation or an individual cross slope deviation falls outside the acceptance tolerance in Table 327-1, immediately make a comparison check at the QC test locations to verify the QC measurements in the section. If the comparisons are beyond the acceptable comparison tolerance in accordance with 327 -3.2, stop the milling operation until the issue is resolved to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Correct any cross slope not meeting the individual deviation acceptance tolerance at no cost to the Depa rtment. The Engineer reserves the right to check the cross slope of the milled surface at any time by taking cross slope measurements at any location.
327-4 Milled Surface.
Provide a milled surface with a reasonably uniform texture, within 1/4 inch of a t rue profile grade, and with no deviation in excess of 1/4 inch from a straightedge applied to the pavement perpendicular to the centerline. Ensure the variation of the longitudinal joint between multiple cut areas does not exceed 1/4 inch. The Engineer may accept areas varying from a true surface in excess of the above stated tolerance without correction if the Engineer determines they were caused by a pre -existing condition which could not have reasonably been corrected by the milling operations. Correct a ny unsuitable texture or profile, as determined by the Engineer, at no cost to the Department. The Engineer may require remilling of any area where a surface lamination causes a non - uniform texture to occur.
327-5 Method of Measurement.
The quantity to b e paid for will be the plan quantity area, in square yards, over which milling is completed and accepted.
327-6 Basis of Payment.
Price and payment will be full compensation for all work specified in this Section, including hauling off and stockpiling or otherwise disposing of the milled material. Payment will be made under: Item No. 327 - 70- Milling Existing Asphalt Pavement - per square yard. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 330 HOT MIX ASPHALT - GENERAL CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
330-1 Description.
This Section specifies the basic equipment and construction requirements for hot mix asphalt (including warm mix asphalt) pavements and bases. Establish and maintain a quality control system that provides assurance that all materials, products and complete d construction submitted for acceptance meet Contract requirements.
330-2 Quality Control (QC) Requirements .
330-2.1 Minimum QC Requirements: Perform as a minimum , the following activities
necessary to mai ntain process control and meet S pecification requi rements:
1.Pavement Density: Monitor the pavement temperature with an infrared temperature device so compaction is completed before the surface temperature of the pavement drops to the extent that effective compaction may not be achieved or the rollers begin to damage the pavement. Monitor the roadway density with either 6-inch diameter roadway cores, a nuclear density gauge, or other density measuring device, at a minimum frequency of once per 1,500 feet of pavement.
2.Mix Temperature: Determine the mix temperature at the roadway for the first five loads and one out of every five loads thereafter.
3.Mix Spread Rate: Monitor the mix spread rate at the beginning of each day’s production, and as needed to control the operations, at a minimum of once p er 200 tons placed. When determining the spread rate, use, at a minimum, an average of five truckloads of mix .
4.Pavement Texture: Monitor the pavement texture to minimize pavement segregation. Use density gauges, infrared temperature measurement device s, or roadway cores at the beginning of each day’s production, and as necessary, both at truck exchanges and duri ng normal paving operations.
5.Reporting: Ensure the accuracy of the QC Roadway Reports on the Department’s approved form to reflect the act ual surface area of the finished work and be in compliance with the requirements of the Contract Documents.
6.Electronic Ticketing (E -Ticketing ): When E-Ticketing is used, p rovide a tablet computer on site with the Paving Operation capable of running th e E-Ticketing system software outlined in Section 320. Use the E-ticketing software to obtain truck ticket information and record mix temperatures. Use the E-ticketing data for entry into the Asphalt Roadway – Daily Report of Quality Control.
330-2.2 Personnel Qualifications: Provide QC Technicians in accordance with
Section 105.
330-3 Limitations of Operations.
330-3.1 Weather Limitations: Do not transport asphalt mix from the plant to the
roadway unless all weather conditions are suitable for the paving operations.
330-3.2 Limitations of Paving Operations:
330-3.2 1 General: Place the mixture only when the surface upon which it is to
be placed has been previously prepared, is intact, firm, dry, clean, and the tack or prime coat, FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 284–287 of 1,299.