973-1 Description.
This Section covers material and fabrication requirements for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structural shapes .
973-2 Product Acceptance.
Obtain FRP composites from a producer that is currently on the Department’s Production Facility Listing. Producers seeking inclusion on the list shall meet the requirements of Section 105.
973-3 Thermoset Pultruded Structural Shapes.
Thermose t pultruded structural shapes must meet the requirements in the materials section of the ASCE, Pre-Standard for Load & Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Structures . Manufactured components shall be inspected accor ding to ASTM D3917 for dimensional tolerances and ASTM D4385 for visual defects. Pultruded profiles located on bridge and overhead sign structures shall meet a flame spread index of Class B in accordance with ASTM E84 and meet the requirements of UL94 wit h a rating of V -1.
973-4 Vacuum Infusion Processed (VIP) Structural Shapes .
973-4.1 Materials:
973-4.1 1 Fibers: Use commercial grade glass fibers that conform to
ASTM D578. Glass fibers may be in any form such as rovings, woven fabrics, braided fabrics, stitched fabrics, continuous fiber mats, continuous strand mats, continuous filament mats (CFM), and chopped stran d mats (CSM) of any size or weight. Each structural element shall contain a minimum of 40% (by weight) of glass fibers oriented in a minimum of two directions in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements . Tensile strength of glass fiber strands, yarns and rovings shall not be less than 290 ksi in accordance with ASTM D7290, determined by a tension test in accordance with ASTM D2343.
973-4.1 2 Resin: Use a commercial grade thermoset resin for fabricating shapes.
973-4.1 3 Additives: Additives such as fillers, promoters, accelerators, inhibitors,
UV agents, and pigments, used in the processing or curing shall be compatible with the fiber and resin.
973-4.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties: The physical properties of VIP FRP
products shall conform to the requirements of Table 973-1. The characteristic mechanical properties of VIP FRP composite structural members, determined in accordance with ASTM D7290, shall equal or exceed the minimum requirements in Table 973-2 for shapes and Table 973-3 for plates. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 973-1 Required Physical Properties - VIP FRP Physical Property Requirement Test Method Barcol Hardness > 40 ASTM D2583 Glass Transition Temperature > 180 F ASTM D4065 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion < 7.5 x 10-6 in/in/ F (longitudinal) ASTM D696 Moisture Equilibrium Content < 2% ASTM D570, Section 7.4 Table 973-2 Required Mechanical Properties - VIP FRP Shapes Property Minimum Requirement Test Method Longitudinal Tensile Strength 30,000 psi ASTM D3039 Transverse Tensile Strength 7,000 psi Longitudinal Tensile Modulus 3 x 106 psi Transverse Tensile Modulus 0.8 x 106 psi Longitudinal Compressive Strength 30,000 psi ASTM D6641 Longitudinal Compressive Modulus 3 x 106 psi Transverse Compressive Modulus 1 x 106 psi In-Plane Shear Strength 8,000 psi ASTM D5379 In-Plane Shear Modulus 0.4 x 106 psi ASTM D5379 Interlaminar Shear Strength 3,500 psi ASTM D2344 Table 973-3 Required Mechanical Properties -VIP FRP Plates Property Minimum Requirement Test Method Longitudinal Tensile Strength 20,000 psi ASTM D3039 Transverse Tensile Strength 7,000 psi Longitudinal Tensile Modulus 1.8 x 106 psi Transverse Tensile Modulus 0.7 x 106 psi Longitudinal Compressive Strength 24,000 psi ASTM D6641 Transverse Compressive Strength 15,500 psi Longitudinal Compressive Modulus 1.8 x 106 psi Transverse Compressive Modulus 1 x 106 psi Longitudinal Flexural Strength 30,000 psi ASTM D790 Transverse Flexural Strength 13,000 psi Longitudinal Flexural Modulus 1.6 x 106 psi Transverse Flexural Modulus 0.9 x 106 psi In-Plane Shear Strength 6,000 psi ASTM D5379 In-Plane Shear Modulus 0.4 x 106 psi Interlaminar Shear Strength 3,500 psi ASTM D2344 FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
973-4.3 Fire, Smoke and Toxicity: VIP profiles located on bridge and overhead sign
structures shall meet a flame spread index of Class B in accordance with ASTM E84 and meet the requirements of UL94 with a rating of V -1.
973-4.4 Impact Tolerance: Where impact resistance is stipulated, impact resistance shall
be determined in accordance with ASTM D7136.
973-5 Thermoplastic Structural Shapes.
973-5.1 General: For the purpose of this specification, use the following definitions :
a.Thermoplastic Structural Shapes (TSS) includes a thermoplastic matrix reinforced wit h chopped fiberglass filaments.
b.Reinforced Thermoplastic Structural Shapes (RTSS) includes a thermoplastic matrix reinforced with chopped fiberglass filaments and continuous FRP reinforcing bars meeting the requirements of this Section . Steel reinforcing bars are not permitted.
973-5.2 Materials : Use polyethylene made from recycled post consumer or post
industrial thermoplastics. Mi x the polyethylene with appropriate colorants, UV inhibitors, hindered amine light stabilizers , antioxidants , and chopped fiberglass reinforcement so that the resulting product meets the requirements specified in Table 973-4 for RTSS and Table 973-5 for TSS. Use a minimum of 15% (by weight) chopped fiberglass reinforcement for both TSS and RTSS. The thermoplastic matrix must not corrode, rot, warp, splinter or crack. Meet the requirements of 932 -3 for FRP reinforcing bar materials. For RTSS members, t he use of separate materials for skin and core is at the discretion of each manufacturer; however, both materials must meet the requirements in Table 973-4. The material surrounding the rebar within 1 inch from the rebar surface shall not contain voids greater than 3/4 inch diameter and extend no further than 2 inches along the length of the member. The cross section of the product shall not contain void s exceeding 1 -1/4 inches in diameter and the sum of all voids greater than 3/8 inches in diameter shal l not exceed 5% of the cross sectional area. Extrude final product as one continuous piece with no joints or splices to the dimensions and tolerances in accordance with Table 973-6. Reject any sections containing cracks or splits. Table 973-4 RTSS Matrix Property Test Method Requirement Density ASTM D792 48–63 pcf Water Absorption ASTMD570 2 hrs: <1.0% weight increase 24 hrs: <3.0% weight increase Brittleness ASTM D746 Brittleness temperature < minus 40°C Impact Resistance ASTM D256, Method A (Izod) >0.55 ft-lbs/in Hardness ASTM D2240 44-75 (Shore D) Ultraviolet ASTM D4329 UVA 500 hours <10% change in Shore D Durometer Hardness FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 973-4 RTSS Matrix Property Test Method Requirement Abrasion ASTM D4060 Weight Loss: <0.02 oz Cycles = 10,000 Wheel = CS17 Load = 2.2 lb Chemical Resistance ASTM D543 Sea Water: <1.5% weight increase Gasoline: <9.5% weight increase No. 2 Diesel: <6.0% weight increase Tensile Properties ASTM D638 2,200 psi at break min. Compressive Modulus ASTM D695 40 ksi min. Static Coefficient of Friction ASTM D1894 0.25, wet max. Screw Withdrawal ASTM D6117 400 lb (screw) min. Table 973-5 TSS Matrix Property Test Method Requirement Density ASTM D792 50-65 pcf Impact Resistance ASTM D256 Method A (Izod) >0.55 ft-lbs/in Hardness ASTM D2240 44-75 (Shore D) Ultraviolet ASTM D4329 (UVA) 500 hours <10% change in Shore D Durometer Hardness Chemical Resistance ASTM D756 or ASTM D543 Sea Water: <1.5% weight increase Gasoline: <7.5% weight increase No. 2 Diesel: <6.0% weight increase Tensile Properties ASTM D638 3,000 psi at break min. Static Coeffecient of Friction ASTM D2394 0.25, wet or dry min. Nail Withdrawal or Screw Withdrawal ASTM D6117 250 lb (nail) min. 400 lb (screw) min. Secant Modulus at 1% Strain ASTM D6109 150,000 psi min. Flexural Strength ASTM D6109 2,500 psi min. Compressive Strength ASTM D6108 2,200 psi min. Compressive Strength Perpendicular to grain ASTM D6108 700 psi min. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Table 973-6 Tolerances Dimension Tolerance Length 0/+6 inch Width – RTSS Width – TSS ±1/2 inch ±1/4 inch Height – RTSS Width – TSS ±1/2 inch ±1/4 inch Clear cover from outer surface to rebar elements (RTSS) ≥3/4 inch (wales) ±1/2 inch (other) Straightness (while lying on a flat surface) <1-1/2 inches per 10 feet FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 97 4 SURFACE APPLICATIONS
974-1 Description.
This section specifies the material requirements for detectable warnings and patterned pavement .
974-2 Detectable Warnings .
Provide detectable warnings in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Transportation Facilities, Section 705. Provide detectable warnings consisting of materials intended for exterior use subject to routine pedestrian traffic and occasional vehicular traffic. Provide detectable warnings with size and pattern comprised of truncated domes aligned in parallel rows. Detectable warnings with a diagonal pattern are not permitted . Detectable warnings consisting of truncated domes fabricated in the field are not permitted.
974-2.1 Approved Product List Submittal Requirements: Manufacturers seeking
evaluation of products for inclusion on the APL shall submit an application in accordance with Section 6 and include the documentation identifi ed in the Table 974-1. Documentation and reports must demonstrate that the product meets the requirements of this Section, Section 527, and the Standard Plans, Index 522-002. Table 974-1 Documentation Requirements Product Photo Displays the significant features of the product. Technical Data Sheet Uniquely identifies the product and includes product specifications, storage instructions, and recommended installation materials and equipment as applicable. Product Label For each component of the product system. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) SDS meeting OSHA requirements for product and manufacturer recommended installation materials as applicable . Non-Hazardous, per RCRA Subtitle C Table 1 of 40 CFR 261.24 “Toxicity Characteristic” and not exude fumes which are hazardous, toxic, or detrimental to persons or property. National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) Test Report or Independent Laboratory Test Report Testing must be conducted using the Project Work Plan for NTPEP Laboratory Testing of Detectable Warning Systems, using the cold ex posure category [i.e., 4 repetitions of th e following exposure series: Abrasion (4 cycles) followed by freeze-thaw (15 cycles )]. Independent Laboratory Test Report Test CAP Y in accordance with ASTM E1349 . Installation Instructions Surface preparation and installation procedures for different substrates. The minimum curing time prior to installing the product for surface -applied materials. Product Sample Submit upon request from the Department. If the product is a system, a sample of each component must be submitted. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 1148–1152 of 1,299.