653Thermoplastic Traffic Stripe

653.1General Description

This work includes furnishing and applying standard, wet weather, and audible profiled thermoplastic reflectorized pavement marking compound. Ensure markings conform to plan details and locations, these specifications, and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Thermoplastic traffic stripe consists of solid or broken (skip) lines, words, and symbols according to plan color, type, and location. 653.1.01 Definitions Thermoplastic Marking Compound: A heated compound extruded or mechanically sprayed on the pavement that cools to pavement temperature. When combined with glass spheres and/or reflective composite optics it produces a reflectorized pavement marking. Short Lines: Crosswalks, stop bars, arrows, symbols, and crosshatching. Extrude short lines rather than spraying them on. 653.1.02 Related References

QPL 46 QPL 71 SOP 37 SOP 38 SOP 39 Federal Test Standard Number 595B Federal Test Standard Number 695B AASHTO M 247 AASHTO M 249 ASTM D 92 ASTM D 476 ASTM D 2240 ASTM D 4960 ASTM E 1710 ASTM E 2177 40 CFR 261.24 EPA Method 3050 EPA Method 3052 EPA Method 6010 EPA Method 7000A 1201 1201 1201 1201 1201

653.1.03 Submittals Ensure the producers of the thermoplastic compound and the producers of both the intermix and drop-on glass spheres furnish to the Department copies of certified test reports showing results of all tests specified in this Section. Also ensure that producers certify that the materials meet the other requirements of this Section by submitting copies of certification at the time of sampling.

653.2Materials

Use thermoplastic material produced from an approved source listed on QPL 46. Use thermoplastic material that meets the requirements of AASHTO M 249 with the following exceptions:

Ensure the resin of the thermoplastic material is an alkyd binder. Ensure the alkyd binder consists of a mixture of synthetic resins and a high boiling point plasticizer. Ensure at least one synthetic resin is a solid at room temperature. Ensure at least 50 percent of the binder composition is 100 percent maleic-modified glycerol ester resin. Ensure at least 18 percent by weight of the entire material formulation consists of binder. Do not use alkyd binder that contains petroleum-based hydrocarbon resins. Ensure the finished thermoplastic material is not adversely affected by contact with pavement materials or by petroleum droppings from traffic. Use thermoplastic material that has been evaluated (2-year field evaluation) by the National Transportation Product Evaluation Panel (NTPEP) test facility or other approved test facility.

Use thermoplastic material that is especially compounded for traffic markings and has the following characteristics: • Prevents markings from smearing or spreading under normal traffic conditions at temperatures below 120 °F (49 °C) • Gives a uniform cross section, with pigment evenly dispersed throughout the material • Has a uniform material density and character throughout its thickness • Allows the stripe to maintain its original dimensions and placement • Ensures that the exposed surface is free from tack and is not slippery when wet • Does not lift from the pavement in freezing weather • Has cold ductility properties that permit normal movement with the road surface without chipping or cracking 1202 1202 1202 1202 1202

Confirm the color of thermoplastic by providing data from the manufacturer to the Area Manager as follows:

for white thermoplastic material. Do not use anatase titanium dioxide pigment. Ensure thermoplastic material is free from dirt or tint. Ensure white thermoplastic material heated for 240 ± 5 minutes at 425 ± 3 ºF (218 ± 3 ºC) and cooled to 77 ± 3 ºF (25 ± 2 ºC) matches Federal Test Standard Number 695B-Color 17925. Ensure that the Y tristimulus value is measured to be a minimum value of 45. Ensure the material, when compared to the magnesium oxide standard using a standard color spectrophotometer according to ASTM D 4960, meets the following: Scale Definition Magnesium Oxide Standard Sample Rd Reflectance 100 75 min. a Redness-Greenness 0 -5 to + 5 b Yellowness-Blueness 0 -10 to + 10

thermoplastic containing more than 3.0 ppm lead by weight when tested in accordance with the most recent EPA Methods 3050 and 6010 or 7000. Ensure yellow thermoplastic material heated for 240 ± 5 minutes at 425 ± 3 ºF (218 ± 2 ºC) and cooled to 77 ± 3 ºF (25 ± 2 ºC) matches AMS-STD-595. Ensure that the Y tristimulus value is measured to be a minimum value of 45. Ensure the material, when compared to PR#1 Chart using a standard color spectrophotometer according to ASTM D 4960, plots within the following chromaticity coordinates: 1 2 3 4 X 0.455 0.510 0.472 0.530 Y 0.444 0.485 0.400 0.456

after 70 hr of weatherometer exposure in accordance with ASTM G 155 using Exposure Cycle 1 with a quartz inner filter glass and Type “S” Borosilicate outer filter glass. Ensure that Y tristimulus value is measured to be a maximum value of 5.

coordinates after a period of 30 days: 1 2 3 4 x y x y x y x y White 0.290 0.315 0.310 0.295 0.350 0.340 0.330 0.360 Yellow 0.435 0.429 0.510 0.485 0.449 0.377 0.530 0.456 Black 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 1203 1203 1203 1203 1203

Measure the hardness by a Shore Durometer, Type A2, as described in ASTM D 2240. Maintain the temperature of the Durometer, 4.4 lb. (2 kg) load and the specimen for 2 hours at 115 °F (45 oC). Apply the Durometer and 4.4 lb. (2 kg) load to the specimen. The reading must fall between 50 to 75 units, after 15 seconds.

Ensure that the compound does not break down, deteriorate, scorch, or discolor if held at application temperature of 425 °F (218 °C) for 6 hours and if reheated up to 4 times to the application temperature. Ensure that the color of white and yellow thermoplastic comply with Subsection 653.2.A.3.a and Subsection 653.2.A.3.b after prolonged heating or reheating.

Ensure glass spheres meet the requirements of AASHTO M 247. Do not use glass spheres and /or reflective composite optics containing greater than 200 ppm total arsenic, 200 ppm total antimony, or 200 ppm total lead when tested according to US EPA Methods 3052 and 6010C, or other approved methods.

Ensure the thermoplastic flashpoint is not less than 500 ºF (260 ºC) as determined by ASTM D 92.

Ensure glass spheres meet the requirements of AASHTO M 247. Use spheres produced from an approved source listed on QPL 71. Glass spheres conforming to an alternative gradation may be used provided all other requirements of AASHTO M 247 and this specification are met. Do not use glass spheres and /or reflective composite optics containing greater than 200 ppm total arsenic, 200 ppm total antimony, or 200 ppm total lead when tested according to US EPA Methods 3052 and 6010C, or other approved methods.

Place the particular type of binder-sealer at the application rate as recommended in writing by the thermoplastic material manufacturer. 653.2.01 Delivery, Storage, and Handling Use material delivered in 50 lb .(22.7 kg) unit cardboard containers or bags strong enough for normal handling during shipment and on-the-job transportation without loss of material. Ensure that each unit container is clearly marked to indicate the following: • Color of the material • Process batch number or similar manufacturer’s identification • Manufacturer’s name • Address of the plant • Date of manufacture 1204 1204 1204 1204 1204

653.3Construction Requirements

653.3.01 Personnel General Provisions 101 through 150. 653.3.02 Equipment Depending on the marking required, use hand equipment or truck-mounted application units on roadway installations.

Ensure that each application machine is equipped with the following features: • Parts continuously mix and agitate the material. • Truck-mounted units for lane, edge, and center lines operate at a uniform, predetermined rate of speed, both uphill and downhill, in order to produce a uniform application of striping material and capable of following straight lines and making normal curves in a true arc. • Conveying parts between the main material reservoir and the shaping die or gun prevent accumulation and clogging. • Parts that contact the material are easily accessible and exposable for cleaning and maintenance. • Mixing and conveying parts, including the shaping die or gun, maintain the material at the plastic temperature with heat transfer oil or electrical element-controlled heat. Do not use an external source of direct heat. • Parts provide continuously uniform stripe dimensions. • Applicator cleanly and squarely cuts off stripe ends and applies skip lines. Do not use pans, aprons, or similar appliances that the die overruns. • Parts produce varying widths of traffic markings. • Applicator is mobile and maneuverable enough to follow straight lines and make normal curves in a true arc.

Apply glass spheres and/or reflective composite optics to the surface of the completed stripe using a dispenser attached to the striping machine to automatically dispense the beads/optics instantaneously upon the installed line. Synchronize the glass sphere/optics dispenser cutoff with the automatic cutoff of the thermoplastic material.

Use special kettles for melting and heating the thermoplastic material. Use kettles equipped with automatic thermostatic control devices that provides positive temperature control and prevents overheating. Ensure that the applicator and kettles are equipped and arranged according to the requirements of the National Fire Underwriters.

Use hand equipment for projects with small quantities of lane lines, edge lines, and center lines, or for conditions requiring the equipment. Use hand equipment approved by the Engineer. Ensure hand equipment can hold 150 lbs. (68 kg) of molten material and is maneuverable to install crosswalks, arrows, legends, lane, edge, and center lines.

Supply the necessary auxiliary vehicles for the operation. 653.3.03 Preparation For asphaltic concrete pavement, do not begin placement of thermoplastic striping until 15 calendar days after completion of the final surface course. 653.3.04 Fabrication General Provisions 101 through 150. 1205 1205 1205 1205 1205

653.3.05 Construction

Notify the Engineer prior to the placement of the thermoplastic materials. Furnish the Engineer with the manufacturer’s name and batch numbers of the thermoplastic materials and glass spheres to be used. Ensure that the approved batch numbers appear on the thermoplastic materials and glass spheres packages.

Thoroughly clean pavement areas to be striped. Use hand brooms, rotary brooms, air blasts, scrapers, or other

approved methods that leave the pavement surface clean and undamaged. Take care to remove all vegetation

and road film from the striping area. Ensure all new Portland cement concrete pavement surfaces are

mechanically wire brushed or abrasive cleaned to remove all laitance and curing compound before being striped.

Lay stripe with continuous uniform dimensions.

Apply the type of stripe at each location according to the Plans, using one of the following methods:

• Spray techniques

• Extrusion methods wherein one side of the shaping die is the pavement and the other three sides are

contained by or are part of the suitable equipment to heat and control the flow of material.

• Extrusion methods using a pressurized ribbon gun to control the application of material.

Apply thermoplastic traffic stripe only when the pavement temperature in the shade is above 40 °F (4 °C).

To ensure optimum adhesion, install the thermoplastic material in a melted state at the manufacturer’s

recommended temperature but not at less than 375 °F (190 °C).

Do not apply when the surface is moist. When directed by the Engineer, perform a moisture test on the

Portland cement concrete pavement surface. Perform the test as follows:

(1m

) of roofing felt on the pavement surface.

underside of the roofing felt.

be moisture free.

To ensure optimum adhesion, apply a binder-sealer material before installing the thermoplastic in each of the

following cases:

• Where directed by the Engineer for sprayed thermoplastic

• Old asphaltic concrete pavements with exposed aggregates

• Portland cement concrete pavements

• Bridge Deck Polmer Overlay

Ensure that the binder-sealer material forms a continuous film that mechanically adheres to the pavement and

dries rapidly. Use a binder-sealer currently in use and recommended by the thermoplastic material

manufacturer according to QPL 46.

Apply the binder-sealer immediately in advance of, but concurrent with, the application of the thermoplastic

material. Apply in a continuous film over the pavement surface.

If the old stripe is to be renewed by overlaying with new material, ensure the new material bonds to the old

line without splitting or cracking.

Off-set longitudinal lines at least 2 in (50 mm) from construction joints of Portland cement concrete

pavements. 12061206120612061206

Make crosswalks, stop bars, and symbols at least 3/32 in (2.4 mm) thick at the edges and no more than 3/16

in (4.8 mm) thick at the center.

• 0.090 in. (2.3 mm) * for lane lines

• 0.060 in. (1.5 mm) * for edge lines

• 0.120 in. (3.0 mm) * for gore area lines

• 0.120 in. (3.0 mm) * for polmer overlay edge lines and lane lines

(See below for ‘*’ reference.)

Compute the minimums by the amount of material used each day, as follows:

(100 mils – 150 mils) above the surface on all types of pavements, exclusive of bumps.

recommended by the thermoplastic material manufacturer to produce the required retro-reflectivity value

in accordance with Subsection 653.3.06.

specifically designed for applying glass spheres and/or reflective composite optics that will embed at

least one-half of the sphere’s and optic’s diameter into the thermoplastic immediately after the material

has been applied to the pavement.

the rates determined by the manufacturer’s recommendations as identified in the APL system.

angle to create an audible and vibratory warning.

the bump, above the pavement surface including the base line. The height measures after the application

of the drop-on retroreflective elements or glass spheres.

longitudinal directions.

(6 mm) at the bottom of the channel. The longitudinal distance between bumps shall be approximately

30 in. (762 mm).

(For 6 in wide stripe)

* Average Thickness (in) = [(lbs. used) ÷ (total linear feet )] x 0.236

(For 150 mm wide stripe)

*Average Thickness (mm) = [(kg used) ÷ (total linear meters )] x 4.0

(For 10 in wide stripe)

* Average Thickness (in) = [(lbs. used) ÷ (total linear feet )] x 0.118

(For 250 mm wide stripe)

* Average Thickness (mm) = [(kg used) ÷ (total linear meters )] x 2.0 12071207120712071207

Remove existing stripe according to Section 656.

Remove 100 percent of existing traffic stripe from:

• Portland cement concrete pavement where the new stripe will be placed at the same location as the

existing marking

• Pavement where the new stripe will be placed at a different location from the existing markings

than 1/2 in. (13 mm). The length of the 15 ft. (4.5 m) segment for skip stripe and the 25 ft. (7.5 m) gap

between segments may vary plus or minus 1 ft. (300 mm). The alignment of the stripe shall not deviate

from the intended alignment by more than 1 in. (25 mm) on straight lines. On curves up to and including 1

degree (radius of 1745 m or greater), the alignment of the stripe shall not deviate from the intended

alignment by more than 1 in. (25 mm). On curves exceeding 1 degree (radius less than 1745 m), the

alignment of the stripe shall not deviate from the intended alignment by more than 2 in. (50 mm).

than half a bump remaining) within the first 45 days under traffic, replace all failed bumps at no cost to

the Department.

under traffic, the replacement period will be extended an additional 45 days from the date all replacement

bumps were installed.

replace all failed bumps at no expense to the Department.

Do not allow traffic onto or permit vehicles to cross newly applied pavement markings until they are sufficiently

dry. Remove and replace any portion of the pavement markings damaged by passing traffic or from any other

cause, at no additional cost to the Department.

653.3.06 Quality Acceptance

For a minimum of 30 days from the time of placement, ensure the thermoplastic pavement marking material

and/or audible profiled thermoplastic shows no signs of failure due to blistering, excessive cracking, chipping,

bleeding, staining, discoloration, oil content of the pavement materials, smearing or spreading under heat,

deterioration due to contact with grease deposits, oil, diesel fuel, or gasoline drippings, spilling, poor adhesion to

the pavement material, vehicular damage, and normal wear. In the event that failures mentioned above occur,

ensure corrective work is completed at no additional cost to the Department.

Obtain pavement marking retroreflectivity values with a 30-meter geometry retro-reflectometer.

Within 30 days of installation, ensure the in-place markings meet the following minimum reflectance values:

White Yellow

Dry (ASTM E 1710) 400 mcd/lux/m 300mcd/lux/m

White Yellow

Dry (ASTM E 1710) 400 mcd/lux/m 300 mcd/lux/m

Wet recovery (ASTM E 2177) 150 mcd/lux/m 125 mcd/lux/m 12081208120812081208

White Yellow

Dry (ASTM E 1710) 300 mcd/lux/m 250 mcd/lux/m

For each center line, edge line, and skip line, measure retroreflectivity 9 times for each mile; 3 times within the first

500 ft. (152 m), 3 times in the middle, and 3 times within the last 500 ft. (152 m). For projects less than one mile

(1600 m) in length, measure retroreflectivity 9 times as above.

Record all retroreflectivity measurements on the form OMR CVP 66 in SOP 39.

At the time of installation, ensure the in-place markings when tested according to ASTM E 1710 meet the

following minimum reflectance value of 275 mcd/lux/m

.

Perform at a minimum, one retroreflectivity measurement at one message, one symbol and one transverse line

per intersection. Take one measurement per mile (1600 m) for locations other than intersections (i.e. school

messages, railroad messages, bike symbols etc.)

Maintain the following minimum reflectance values for 180 days after installation:

White Yellow

Dry (ASTM E 1710) 400 mcd/lux/m 300 mcd/lux/m

White Yellow

Dry (ASTM E 1710) 400 mcd/lux/m 300 mcd/lux/m

Wet recovery (ASTM E 2177) 150 mcd/lux/m 125 mcd/lux/m

White Yellow

Dry (ASTM E 1710) 300 mcd/lux/m 250 mcd/lux/m

Retest the in-place markings according to Subsection 653.3.06.B.1, 180 days after installation to ensure these

minimum retro-reflectance values are maintained.

NOTE: The Contractor is responsible for retro-reflectivity testing. Furnish initial test results to the Engineer

within 30 days of application. Furnish additional testing for a period that totals 180 days from initial

application or the stoppage of contract time, whichever comes first.

Check the thicknesses on all skip lines, edge lines and center lines with an approved traffic marking thickness

gage consisting of 3 dials as follows:

For each center line, edge line, and skip line, measure thickness above the pavement 3 times for each mile

(1600 m); once within the first 500 ft. (150 m), once in the middle, and once within the last 500 ft. (150 m). For

projects less than one mile (1600 m) in length, measure the thickness above the pavement 3 times.

Record all thickness measurements on the form OMR CVP 66 in SOP 39.

Place durable tape, film, or metal plate of known and uniform thickness on an area to be striped. After the

striper has passed over, remove the sample and measure the thickness with calipers or a micrometer.

For each center line, edge line, and skip line, measure thickness above the pavement 3 times for each mile

(1600 m); once within the first 500 ft. (150 m), once in the middle, and once within the last 500 ft. (150 m). For

projects less than one mile (1600 m) in length, measure the thickness above the pavement 3 times.

Submit results to the Engineer. 12091209120912091209

Ensure the thickness of white and yellow pavement marking conform to Subsection 653.3.05.A.7.b

Record all thickness measurements on the form OMR CVP 66 in SOP 39 and submit to the Engineer.

The Engineer will verify the thickness of the pavement marking in accordance with Subsection 653.3.05.A.7.b

within 30 days of receipt of the Contractor’s certification.

Thickness measurement may be performed using a strong adhesive tape to install a metal plate

(approximately 6 inches (150 mm) wide by 8 inches (200 mm) long, the thickness of the plate can by 1/8 inch

(3 mm) as long as the plate does not deform) to the roadway where the pavement marking will be placed.

After the material has dried remove the plate and check the thickness of the pavement marking material on

the plate with a micrometer.

For each mile (1600 m) section, if the thermoplastic traffic stripe fails to meet Plan details or specifications or

deviates from stated dimensions, correct it at no additional cost to the Department. If removal of pavement

markings is necessary, perform it according to Section 656 and place it according to this specification. No

additional payment will be made for removal and replacement of unsatisfactory striping. Ensure corrective work is

completed at no additional cost to the Department. Perform testing according to this specification. Any retest due

to failures will be performed at no additional cost to the Department. Furnish all test reports to the Department.

Retro-reflectivity and Thickness Longitudinal Line Deficiency: A deficiency will ensue when two or more Location

Average results as recorded on form OMR CVP 66 within a One-Mile (1600 m) Section do not meet the

performance criteria herein. The entire line within this one-mile (1600 m) section will be determined to be deficient.

If the evaluated section is less than 1.0 mile (1600 m), a single Location Average result not meeting the

performance criteria herein will result in the entire line to be determined to be deficient.

Retro-reflectivity Transverse Markings and Symbol Deficiency: A single Location Average result on the marking or

symbol not meeting the performance criteria herein will result in the marking or symbol to be determined to be

deficient.

653.3.07 Verification

See SOP 39

653.4Measurement

When stripe will be paid for by the square yard (meter), the actual number of square yards (meters) painted will be

measured. The space between the stripes will be included in the overall measurement.

Linear measurements may be made by electronic measuring devices attached to a vehicle.

Thermoplastic traffic stripe, complete in place and accepted, is measured as follows:

Stripe is measured by the linear foot (meter), linear mile (kilometer), or square yard (meter). Breaks or omissions in

solid lines or stripes at street or road intersections are not measured for payment.

Skip stripe is measured by the gross linear mile (kilometer) as specified. The unpainted space between the painted

stripes is included in the overall measurement if the plan ratio of one to three (15 ft. [4.5 m] segment and 25 ft. [7.5

m] gap or other patterns as designated on the plans) remains uninterrupted. Measurement begins and ends on

a stripe.

Each word or symbol complete according to plan dimensions is measured by the Unit.

653.4.01 Limits

General Provisions 101 through 150. 12101210121012101210

653.5Payment

Payment is full compensation for the Work under this section, including:

• Cleaning and preparing surfaces

• Furnishing all materials

• Applying, curing, and protecting stripe

• Protecting traffic, including providing necessary warning signs

• Furnishing tools, machines, and other equipment necessary to complete the Item

Measurement and payment for removing pavement markings will be according to Section 656 when shown in the

Proposal as a payment Item. Otherwise, removal will not be paid for separately, but will be included in the payment for

other Work under this section.

Payment will be made under:

Item No. 653 Thermoplastic solid traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per linear foot (meter)

Item No. 653 Thermoplastic solid traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per linear mile (kilometer)

Item No. 653 Thermoplastic skip traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per gross linear foot (meter)

Item No. 653 Thermoplastic skip traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per gross linear mile

(kilometer)

Item No. 653 Audible profiled thermoplastic solid traffic stripe, __ in. (mm),

(color)

Per linear foot (meter)

Item No. 653 Audible profiled thermoplastic solid traffic stripe, __ in. (mm),

(color)

Per linear mile (kilometer)

Item No. 653 Audible profiled thermoplastic skip traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per gross linear foot (meter)

Item No. 653 Audible profiled thermoplastic skip traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per gross linear mile

(kilometer)

Item No. 653 Thermoplastic pavement markings, words, and symbols (color),

type _____

Per each

Item No. 653 Thermoplastic traffic stripe Per square yard (meter)

Item No. 653 Wet Weather Thermoplastic solid traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per linear foot (meter)

Item No. 653 Wet Weather Thermoplastic solid traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per linear mile (kilometer)

Item No. 653 Wet Weather Thermoplastic skip traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per gross linear foot (meter)

Item No. 653 Wet Weather Thermoplastic skip traffic stripe, __ in. (mm), (color) Per gross linear mile

(kilometer)

Item No. 653 Wet Weather Thermoplastic pavement markings, words, and

symbols (color), type _____

Per each

Item No. 653 Wet Weather Thermoplastic traffic stripe Per square yard (meter)

653.5.01 Adjustments

General Provisions 101 through 150.. 1211 1211 1211 1211 1211