Pavement Patching Art. 442.02 SECTION 442. PAVEMENT PATCHING
442.01 Description. This work shall consist of the removal of the existing
pavement, the necessary excavation and the replacement with the class and type of patch specified at designated locations. This work will be classified as follows. Class A Patches: Pavement Removal and Continuously Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete Replacement Class B Patches: Pavement Removal and Portland Cement Concrete Replacement Using Dowels or Tie Bars Class C Patches: Pavement Removal and Portland Cement Concrete Replacement Class D Patches: Pavement Removal and Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Replacement Pavement Patching: Contractor's Option of Class C or Class D For each of the above classifications, the work on a lane width or less shall be further quantified by size as follows. Type I Less than 5 sq yd (5 sq m) Type II 5 sq yd (5 sq m) or more, but less than 15 sq yd (15 sq m) Type III 15 sq yd (15 sq m) or more, but less than 25 sq yd (20 sq m) Type IV 25 sq yd (20 sq m) or more
442.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to the following.
Item Article/Section
a.Portland Cement Concrete (Note 1) ....................................................... 1020
b.Concrete Reinforcement Bars, Welded Wire Reinforcement, and Strand ..................................................................................... 1006.10
c.Dowel Bars and Dowel Bar Assembly ............................................... 1006.11
d.Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers ..................................................... 1051.09
e.Preformed Fiber Joint Filler ............................................................... 1051.04
f.Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) (Note 2) ............................................................. 1030
g.Nonshrink Grout ................................................................................. 1024.02
h.Hot-Poured Joint Sealer .................................................................... 1050.02
i.Backer Rod (Note 3)
j.Material for Forming Joint Grooves (Note 4)
k.Chemical Adhesive Resin System ..................................................... 1027.01
l.Calcium Chloride ............................................................................... 1013.01
m.Grout .................................................................................................. 1024.01
n.Straw ........................................................................................ 1081.06(a)(1) Note 1. When patching ramp pavements and two-lane pavements with two- way traffic, Class PP-2, PP-3, PP-4, or PP-5 concrete shall be used for Art. 442.02 Pavement Patching Class A, Class B, and Class C patches. For all other pavements, Class PP-1, PP-2, PP-3, PP-4, or PP-5 concrete shall be used for Class A, Class B, and Class C patches. Note 2. The mixture composition of the HMA used shall be IL-19.0 binder, designed with the same Ndesign as that specified for the mainline pavement. Note 3. The backer rod shall be a closed-cell, plastic foam rod compatible with the sealant and the elevated temperatures of joint sealant application. Note 4. Material for joint forms shall be suitable for forming the sealant reservoir to the width and depth as shown on the plans and of sufficient strength to retain its shape during concrete placement.
442.03 Equipment. Equipment shall be according to the following.
Item Article/Section
a.Self-Propelled Pneumatic-Tired Rollers ............................................. 1101.01
b.Vibratory Rollers (Note 1)
c.Forms (Note 2) ................................................................................... 1103.05
d.Concrete Saw (Note 3)
e.Wheel Saw (Note 4)
f.Equipment and Devices for Removing Old Concrete Slabs (Note 5)
g.Drilling Machine (Note 6)
h.Miscellaneous Equipment .................................................................. 1103.17
i.Membrane Curing Equipment ............................................................ 1101.09
j.Heating Equipment for Joint Sealant (Note 7)
k.Skid Steer Loader Equipped with a Hydraulic Hammer ..................... 1101.14
l.Pavement Surface Grinding Equipment ............................................. 1101.04 Note 1. The vibratory rollers and tampers shall meet the approval of the Engineer. Note 2. Wood forms will be permitted. The depth of form shall be plank width, the nominal dimension which equals the pavement thickness shown on the plans or the next larger nominal dimension. Note 3. The concrete saw shall be equipped with a diamond blade of sufficient size to saw pavements full-depth and be capable of accurately maintaining cutting depth and alignment. Note 4. The wheel saw shall be equipped with carbide-tipped rotating cutters and be capable of accurately maintaining cutting depth and alignment. Note 5. As approved by the Engineer. Note 6. The machine used for drilling the holes in the face of the existing pavement shall be capable of drilling the size and depth of holes as shown on the plans. The machine shall be equipped with a positive stop to control the depth of hole. During use, the stop shall be calibrated at least once a Pavement Patching Art. 442.05 day. A drill support system using the pavement surface as a reference shall be used to ensure hole alignment at mid-depth of portland cement concrete pavement. Hand held tools will not be allowed. Note 7. The heating equipment shall be an indirect heating type with positive temperature control, mechanical agitation and recirculating pumps. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
442.04 Keeping Road Open to Traffic. The road shall be kept open to traffic
according to Article 701.17(e).
442.05 Pavement Removal. The pavement shall not be scored with a
concrete saw more than three days prior to when it will be broken, except when the pavement is closed to traffic. The pavement shall not be scored with a wheel saw more than one day prior to when it will be broken, except when the pavement is closed to traffic. If a wheel saw is used to score the pavement or areas of the pavement have been removed for purposes of cutting marginal (pavement edge) bars and the pavement will be open to traffic, the cuts shall be filled with either full-depth cold bituminous mix meeting the approval of the Engineer or compacted granular material with a 2 in. (50 mm) minimum cap of cold bituminous mix meeting the approval of the Engineer. The cuts shall be constantly maintained so that they will not be a hazard to traffic. Any drainage mat or pipe underdrains damaged during patching operations shall be repaired or replaced. Materials resulting from the removal of the existing pavement and unsuitable and unstable materials shall be disposed of according to Article 202.03. The scoring and removal of pavement for the various classes of patches shall be as follows.
a.Class A Patches. Two transverse saw cuts shall be made perpendicular to the centerline at each end of the patch, except that the saw cuts may be skewed slightly if necessary to maintain a minimum distance of 18 in. (450 mm) from the end of the patch to the nearest transverse crack in the pavement to remain in place. When approved by the Engineer, this minimum distance may be reduced to 6 in. (150 mm) in areas of close crack spacing where the pavement otherwise appears to be sound. The interior saw cut shall be made at the location that will provide the proper length of exposed existing steel as shown on the plans and shall be either full-depth or to a depth which will completely sever the longitudinal reinforcement. The longitudinal edges of the patch shall be formed by full-depth saw cuts. Patches one-half lane width or full lane width will be permitted. Saw cut extensions into pavement which is to remain in place will not be permitted. All outlining and interior saw cuts shall be made with an approved concrete saw. After the interior saw cuts have been made, an approved wheel saw Art. 442.05 Pavement Patching may be used to make pressure relief cuts or intermediate cuts to reduce the pavement length to a size that accommodates removal and hauling operations. The wheel saw cutting operations shall be controlled to limit subbase penetration to a maximum of 1/2 in. (13 mm). The shoulder between the full-depth saw cut and the pavement edge shall be removed using a hand held hammer and hand tools prior to pavement removal. If available, the Contractor may use an approved wheel saw to make the shoulder cut and removal. When the patch is adjacent to a portland cement concrete shoulder, a saw cut shall be made at the shoulder-pavement joint sufficiently deep to sever the tie bars. A second full-depth saw cut shall be made in the pavement a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from the edge of the shoulder. The pavement between the full-depth saw cut and the shoulder edge shall be removed using a hand held hammer and hand tools prior to removal of the remaining pavement. The pavement between the interior saw cuts shall be removed by lifting. Sufficient care shall be taken to minimize subbase disturbance and prevent spalling of the pavement that is to remain in place. Any subbase or stabilized subbase material disturbed during pavement removal operations or determined unsuitable by the Engineer shall be removed and replaced with patch material. If the Engineer determines that the concrete has deteriorated to the extent that it is not practical to lift, the pavement may be broken into small pieces and removed. The breaking equipment shall not transfer an impact energy greater than 3000 ft lb (4000 J) per blow to the pavement surface. The concrete in the splicing area, between the interior and outer saw cuts, shall be removed using hand held hammers and hand tools. The Contractor has the option to use a skid steer loader equipped with a hydraulic hammer to remove the concrete in the splicing area. Should the loader and hydraulic hammer damage the pavement and/or reinforcement which are to remain in place, the loader with a hydraulic hammer will no longer be allowed. To prevent underbreaking concrete to remain in place, the face of the concrete below the partial-depth saw cut shall be inclined slightly into the patch. The reinforcing steel in the splicing area shall not be bent to aid in removal of the concrete. If more than ten percent of the reinforcing steel in the splice area is damaged due to the Contractor’s operations, the patch shall be lengthened to provide the required steel exposure for splicing. If less than ten percent of the existing lap steel is damaged, it may be repaired by welding in lieu of lengthening the patch. No welding will be permitted on the splices between the existing steel and the new steel. Should the Contractor's operations cause a spall having a width or depth greater than 1 in. (25 mm) in the pavement to remain in place or cause excessive shattering or underbreaking of the existing slab to remain in place, a new saw cut shall be made extending the patch to remove the spall or underbreaking. After pavement removal, the pavement structure will be Pavement Patching Art. 442.05 inspected by the Engineer to determine if it is sufficiently sound. If determined unsound, the Contractor shall extend the patch as directed by the Engineer. The existing reinforcement steel shall be observed during the removal process to determine if there is any excess rusting or evidence of steel distress. Deteriorated steel will not be permitted in the splice area. The Engineer may require lengthening of the patch.
b.Class B Patches. Two transverse saw cuts outlining the patch shall be straight and perpendicular to the centerline, with a tolerance of 2 in. (50 mm) in 12 ft (3.6 m). The wedge of pavement formed by the interior (third) saw cut shall be removed with a hand held hammer and hand tools prior to pavement liftout. Saw cut extensions into pavement which is to remain in place will not be permitted. All saw cuts shall be made with an approved concrete saw (except as outlined below). Concrete not sawed full-depth shall be removed with hand tools. Only full lane width patches will be permitted. When the patch is adjacent to a HMA shoulder, a full-depth saw cut shall be made in the shoulder a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from the edge of the pavement or at such width as to facilitate forming. The shoulder between the full-depth saw cut and the pavement edge shall be removed with a hand held hammer and hand tools prior to pavement liftout. When the patch is adjacent to a portland cement concrete shoulder, a saw cut shall be made at the shoulder-pavement joint sufficiently deep to sever the tie bars. A second full-depth saw cut shall be made in the pavement a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from the edge of the shoulder. The pavement between the full-depth saw cut and the shoulder edge shall be removed using a hand held hammer and hand tools prior to removal of the remaining pavement. The Contractor may use an approved wheel saw to make the shoulder cut and removal, and to make pressure relief cuts or intermediate cuts to reduce the pavement length to a size that accommodates removal and hauling operations. The wheel saw cutting operations shall be controlled to limit subbase penetration to a maximum of 1/2 in. (13 mm). Wheel saw cuts shall be made after concrete sawing outlining patch boundaries, unless the wheel saw cuts are at least 18 in. (450 mm) inside the transverse patch boundaries. Should the Contractor be unable to conform to the requirements specified herein, the Engineer will withdraw approval of this alternative. The pavement shall be removed by lifting. If the Engineer determines that the concrete has deteriorated to the extent that it is not practical to lift, the pavement may be broken into small pieces and removed. Breaking operations shall start adjacent to the removed wedge or the alternate wheel saw cut. The breaking equipment shall not transfer an impact energy greater than 3000 ft lb (4000 J) per blow to the pavement surface. Art. 442.05 Pavement Patching Care shall be taken to prevent subbase disturbance and spalling of the pavement which is to remain in place. Should the Contractor's operations cause a spall having a width or depth greater than 1 in. (25 mm), a new saw cut shall be made extending the patch to remove the spall. After slab removal, the existing pavement structure will be inspected by the Engineer to determine if it is sufficiently sound. If determined unsound, the Contractor shall extend the patch as directed by the Engineer. Any subbase or stabilized subbase material that is disturbed during pavement removal operations or determined unsuitable by the Engineer shall be removed and replaced with patch material. Resawing of patch boundaries to remove spalls that exceed a width or depth of 1 in. (25 mm) will not be required when the patching is being performed to prepare the existing pavement for resurfacing with HMA.
c.Class C and Class D Patches. Standard reinforced concrete pavement shall be scored with a concrete saw to a depth which severs the reinforcement. If the Contractor elects, he/she may saw full depth to alleviate spalling and replacement as specified in Article 442.05(a). As an alternate, the Contractor may use an approved wheel saw to score the pavement full-depth on either standard reinforced or non-reinforced pavement. Should the wheel saw damage the pavement and/or reinforcement which are to remain in place, the Engineer will withdraw approval of this alternate. The existing pavement shall be removed as shown on the plans. Ends of the patch need not be squared but may follow the existing cracks, provided angles smaller than those shown on the plans do not result. The general plane of the cut face shall not deviate more than 1 1/2 in. (40 mm) from vertical. Abrupt breaks or deviations from the plane of the cut face sufficient to induce spalling in either the top or the bottom surface of the pavement will not be permitted. Should the Contractor's operations cause a spall having a width or depth greater than 1 in. (25 mm), the patch shall be extended to remove the spall. This extension will not be required when the patching is being performed to prepare the existing pavement for resurfacing with HMA. Equipment and methods used for removing old pavement shall be such as to prevent cracking, shattering or spalling of the pavement remaining in place. Breaking equipment shall not transfer an impact energy greater than 3000 ft lb (4000 J) per blow to the pavement surface. After breaking and removal of the existing pavement, any areas of the subbase which are below the required elevation of the finished subbase, shall be built up to grade with satisfactory compacted granular material, concrete or compacted HMA. Tie bars extending across the longitudinal joint, or such portion as may be exposed in the area of the patch, shall be cut approximately at the face of Pavement Patching Art. 442.06 the pavement which is to remain in place, or they shall be removed. Marginal bars shall be cut close to the face of the pavement which is to remain in place.
442.06 Pavement Replacement. Class A, Class B, and Class C patches
shall conform to the standard details and cross section included in the plans, and the work shall conform to the applicable portions of Section 420, with the following exceptions.
a.Reinforcement, Dowel Bars, and Joints. Reinforcement, dowel bars, and joints shall be according to the following.
1.Class A Patching. The reinforcement shall be constructed according to Articles 508.03 through 508.09. Patches more than 20 ft (6 m) in length, including half-lane patches, shall be tied to the adjacent pavement, portland cement concrete shoulders, and curb and gutter with No. 6 (No. 19) tie bars, 24 in. (600 mm) long, embedded 8 in. (200 mm) at 36 in. (900 mm) centers according to Article 420.05(b). The Contractor shall tie the steel together, using at least two secure ties for each lap splice according to Article 508.08(a)(1). Should an existing lap splice be encountered in the patch splice area, the Contractor shall construct the new splice by tying both of the exposed reinforcement bars to the new reinforcement bar. Reinforcement steel shall be placed and supported on chairs according to Article 508.06, and the placement tolerance for individual reinforcement bars shall be ± 1 in. (± 25 mm) horizontally and vertically. When the existing reinforcement is welded wire reinforcement, the longitudinal reinforcement bars shall be the same size and spacing as the existing longitudinal reinforcement.
2.Class B Patching. Dowel bar holes shall be drilled as shown on the plans. The holes shall be parallel to the grade and centerline of the pavement with a tolerance of 1/8 in. (3 mm) in 12 in. (300 mm). The drilling operation shall not crack or spall the pavement. Immediately prior to grouting the dowel bars, the holes shall be thoroughly cleaned of drilling debris. Dust and debris shall be blown from the hole with a power brush/blower or with compressed air. If compressed air is used, the pneumatic tool lubricator shall be bypassed and a filter installed on the discharge valve to keep water and oil out of the lines. The dowel bars shall be clean and free from rust. An approved chemical adhesive shall be used as the anchoring material for dowel bars. The chemical adhesive shall be of a consistency such that the dowel may be easily inserted into the hole with flow completely surrounding Art. 442.06 Pavement Patching the dowel, and without appreciable runout of chemical adhesive after the bar is fully inserted. The chemical adhesive shall be injected to the back of the hole to eliminate air pockets prior to inserting the bar. The quantity of material used shall be such that the chemical adhesive is dispersed along the entire length of the bar and voids are completely filled. After the material has been positioned at the back of the hole, the dowel shall be fully inserted, using a back-and-forth twisting motion, leaving the proper length exposed as shown on the plans. If it is necessary to use a hammer to aid in seating a dowel, the exposed end of the dowel shall be protected with a wood block. Immediately prior to placing the concrete, the exposed ends of dowel bars shall be cleaned and lightly oiled. Patches more than 20 ft (6 m) in length shall be tied to the adjacent lane of pavement, portland cement concrete shoulders, and curb and gutter with No. 6 (No. 19) tie bars, 24 in. (600 mm) long, embedded 8 in. (200 mm) at 36 in. (900 mm) centers according to Article 420.05(b). Contraction joints shall be constructed within patches as follows.
a.Pavements with 15 ft (4.5 m) Joint Spacing. For pavements designed with a typical 15 ft (4.5 m) joint spacing, patches more than 20 ft (6 m) in length shall have transverse contraction joints constructed according to Article 420.05(c) at 15 ft (4.5 m) maximum intervals. The contraction joints shall be in line with joints or cracks in the adjacent lane whenever possible. The minimum distance between new and/or existing joints shall be 6 ft (2 m).
b.Other Pavements. For all other types of jointed pavement designs, patches 45 ft (14 m) or longer shall have transverse contraction joints installed at regular intervals according to the joint spacing of the existing pavement. Type III or Type IV patches shall be reinforced with welded wire reinforcement according to the details shown on the plans. The reinforcement shall be placed at 3 1/2 in. ± 1 in. (90 mm ± 25 mm) below the finished patch surface elevation according to Article 420.08.
3.Class C Patching. When the patched pavement is not to be resurfaced, transverse contraction joints shall be formed on 15 ft (4.5 m) to 20 ft (6 m) centers by sawing in all patches that are more than 20 ft (6 m) in length. They shall be placed in line with joints or cracks in the existing slab whenever possible.
b.Replacing Full-Width Pavement. Unless through traffic is detoured, full- width pavement shall be replaced in two or more operations. When full- width pavement is replaced in two or more operations, a form shall be installed along the lane line by one of the following methods.
1.Method 1. Whenever practicable, an approved form, not less than 1/4 in. (6 mm) in thickness, shall be set along the longitudinal joint when Pavement Patching Art. 442.06 placing the patch in the first half-width. The depth of this form shall be equal to the thickness of the new pavement being placed, or as close thereto as standard lumber measurements will allow. No pavement in the lane open to traffic shall be removed to permit setting the form, and the form shall remain in place until the existing pavement in the opposite half-width is removed.
2.Method 2. When the existing pavement in the opposite half-width is so broken or disintegrated that it is not feasible to use Method 1, a wood form shall be set along the longitudinal joint when placing the patch in the first half-width, except that a metal form may be used for Type III patches when mechanical finishing is employed. Only sufficient concrete shall be removed from the lane open to traffic to permit setting the form. As soon as permissible after the concrete is poured, the form shall be removed, and the trench occupied by the form shall be filled immediately with compacted granular material, which shall be constantly maintained in such a manner that it will not be a hazard to traffic. When replacing adjacent lanes in one operation, the longitudinal joint down the lane line shall be a sawed longitudinal joint as specified in
Article 420 — 05(a), except that tie bars shall only be included for patches that
are more than 20 ft (6 m).
c.Forms. Forms and bond breaker shall be according to the following.
1.Side forms will be required.
2.For Class B patches, a bond breaker of 1/4 in. (6 mm) fiber joint filler, or other material approved by the Engineer, shall be placed flush with the surface at the pavement centerline for the full length and depth of the patch. If the centerline sealant reservoir is to be formed, that part of the bondbreaker may be replaced by the joint reservoir form.
d.Concrete Placement. Concrete shall be placed according to Article 420.07. In the case of Class A patches, if the subbase and subgrade material have been disturbed and/or removed in excess of plan pavement thickness plus subbase thickness or more from the surface of the pavement, the concrete shall be placed in lifts and separated by a bond breaker. The elevation of the bottom lift shall be level with the top of the subbase. A thin coating of rapid setting asphalt emulsion or thick coating of Type III curing compound shall be applied to the surface of the bottom lift. Care shall be taken to avoid coating the vertical faces of the existing pavement or any reinforcement. The remainder of the concrete shall be placed after the asphalt emulsion or curing compound has sufficiently cured; but not before at least one day after placement of the bottom lift.
e.Strike Off, Consolidation, Finishing, and Straightedging. The concrete shall be consolidated with a hand vibrator. Special attention shall be given to Art. 442.06 Pavement Patching consolidating the concrete around the corners, edges, dowel bars, tie bars, and reinforcement. For Class A and Class B patches, the surface of the patch shall be struck off and finished with two passes of a screed. For Class C patches, strike off and finishing may be performed by either screed or hand methods. For repairs 12 ft (3.6 m) or less in length, the screed shall be placed parallel to the edge of pavement. For repairs over 12 ft (3.6 m) in length, the screed shall be placed perpendicular to the edge of pavement. In striking off, the template shall be moved forward with a combined longitudinal and transverse shearing motion, moving always in the direction in which the work is progressing and manipulated so that neither edge is raised during the striking off process. A slight excess of concrete shall be kept in front of the cutting edge at all times during the striking off operation. After strike off, but while the concrete is still plastic, the surface of the concrete shall be tested for trueness by means of a 10 ft (3 m) straightedge according to Article 420.09(c). Testing for hardened concrete shall be with a 10 ft (3 m) straightedge centered on the leading transverse patch boundary and continue until centered over the trailing patch boundary. The allowable tolerance used during testing shall be 3/16 in. (5 mm). Surface variations which exceed the above tolerances will be marked and shall be removed with pavement surface grinding equipment. For Class A and Class B patches which will not be overlaid, the surface shall be stamped with the current year approximately 12 in. (300 mm) from the outer edge of the lane.
f.Edging and Final Finish. When patching pavements which have not been overlaid, the final finish shall match the surrounding pavement. When patching pavements which have been overlaid, the surface of the concrete shall be textured with a broom finish applied transversely to the pavement centerline. The texturing operation shall be executed so that the surface is uniform in appearance and free from rough and porous spots, irregularities and depressions. If directed by the Engineer, concrete adjacent to a longitudinal joint shall be edged according to Article 420.09(d).
g.Curing and Protection. In addition to Article 1020.13, when the air temperature is less than 55 °F (13 °C), the patch shall be covered with a minimum R12 insulation until opening strength is reached. Insulation is optional when the air temperature is 55 – 96 °F (13 – 35 °C). Insulation shall not be placed when the air temperature is greater than 96 °F (35 °C). When patching two or more lane widths of continuously reinforced concrete pavement in one operation and extreme daily temperature cycles are anticipated, the Engineer may require that 200 ft (60 m) of pavement on each end of the patch be covered with wet straw and burlap or an approved insulation blanket, and that the patch be cured with wet burlap and covered in a similar manner. When covering is required, it shall be in place during Pavement Patching Art. 442.07 the curing period. If wet straw and burlap is used, it shall be maintained in a wet condition throughout the curing period. When this type of covering is required by the Engineer, it will be paid for according to Article 109.04.
h.Shoulder Replacement. After the forms are removed but prior to opening to traffic, the disturbed shoulder area shall be replaced with like material, compacted and restored to the existing line and grade.
i.Joint Sealing. Joints shall be sealed according to the following.
1.In Class A patches, all centerline joints and longitudinal joints adjacent to portland cement concrete shoulders shall be sealed according to
Article 420 — 12.
2.In Class B patches, all transverse joints, centerline joints, longitudinal joints adjacent to portland cement concrete shoulders, and saw-cut extensions in the shoulders shall be sealed according to Article 420.12 and manufacturer's recommendations. The sealant reservoir at patch boundaries shall be formed in the fresh concrete or sawed to the dimensions shown on the plans. If the reservoir is to be sawed, sawing shall not be performed until after the required curing period. The faces of the reservoir shall be thoroughly cleaned by sandblasting and then blown clean with compressed air. When the compressed air is used, the pneumatic tool lubricator shall be bypassed and a filter installed on the discharge valve to keep oil and water out of the line. The backer rod shall be uniformly placed at the depth shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. The sealing shall be done in one pour to fill the transverse joint and the centerline joint. Reheated or overheated material shall not be used. At the Contractor's option, the centerline joint may be sawed/formed and sealed in a manner similar to the transverse joint.
3.In Class C patches, transverse contraction joints shall be sealed according to Article 420.12.
4.Sealing of joints as specified in (1), (2), and (3) will not be required when patching is being performed to prepare the existing pavement for resurfacing with HMA.
442.07 Expansion Joints. Where expansion joints exist in the portion of the
pavement that is to remain in place, the adjacent new pavement shall be constructed when possible with a similar type joint. Where existing joints are obsolete or unobtainable, the expansion joint material may be any preformed expansion joint filler meeting the requirements of Section 1051. In Class B patches, expansion joints shall be constructed as shown on the plans. The expansion joint materials shall be according to Article 1051.09, and the joints shall be sealed as specified in Article 420.12. Art. 442.08 Pavement Patching
442.08 Class D Patching. Class D patching shall conform to the standard
details and cross sections shown on the plans.
a.Filling Holes. The HMA shall be placed only when the temperature in the shade is at least 40 °F (5 °C), the forecast is for rising temperature, and the subgrade is not frozen. The HMA shall be placed in two or more lifts with the minimum compacted lift thickness according to Article 406.06(d). Each lift shall be compacted with a mechanical tamper, a vibrating tamper, or a self-propelled roller. Trucks may be used to supplement the tampers or roller. To facilitate possible extra compaction and consolidation by traffic, the surface of the completed patch may be finished up to 1/2 in. (13 mm) above the existing pavement.
b.Density. The density of the compacted HMA shall be according to Articles 1030.05(d)(3), (d)(4), and (d)(7).
c.Additional Compaction. Traffic shall be permitted on the patches for at least three days prior to resurfacing.
d.Maintenance of Patch. The surface of the completed patch shall be maintained in a smooth condition. Patches open to traffic that are constructed high or become rough shall be corrected within 24 hours by trimming off high areas and/or filling depressions. Filled areas shall be rerolled to obtain the required density. If the patched pavement is to be resurfaced on the same contract, minor depressions in the patch surface may be filled and compacted as a part of the resurfacing operation.
442.09 Opening Patches to Traffic. Patches shall be opened to traffic
according to Article 701.17(e). If patches are not opened when required, the Contractor shall adjust his/her construction operations, or in the case of concrete patching, the mix design. The Engineer may establish a shut-off time when all patch holes shall be filled. Should delays of any type or for any reason prevent the opening of patches on multilane roadways, temporary patches shall be constructed. Material able to support the average daily traffic and meeting the approval of the Engineer shall be used for the temporary patches. When they are no longer required, the temporary patches shall be disposed of according to Article 202.03.
442.10 Method of Measurement. Pavement removal and replacement of the
various classes and types will be measured for payment in place, and the area computed in square yards (square meters). To the extent possible, the contract documents contain information on the thickness of the existing pavement including subsequent resurfacing(s). In the event the average combined thickness of the existing pavement and overlays in an area to be patched differs from the thickness shown on the plans, the Engineer will adjust the patching quantity, for the specific patch type, and saw cut quantity of the individual Pavement Patching Art. 442.11 patches meeting this requirement as indicated by the following chart. The quantities will be increased when the thickness is greater, and decreased when the thickness is less, as follows. % change of thickness % change of quantity 0 to less than 15 15 to less than 20 20 to less than 30 30 to less than 50 If the thickness of the existing pavement varies by 50 percent or more from that shown on the plans, the character of the work will be considered significantly changed and an adjustment to the contract will be made according to Article 104.02. If additional pavement, subbase, or subgrade material is removed due to negligence on the part of the Contractor, the additional quantity of pavement removal and replacement or subgrade material will not be measured for payment. Shoulder removal and replacement resulting from edge forming will not be measured for payment. When expansion joints are to be included in Class B patches, as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer, the expansion joint will be measured for payment in place in feet (meters). Reinforcement bars will be computed in square yards (square meters) of surface area of the pavement patch in which the pavement reinforcement is installed, and no allowance will be made for laps, splices, or portions of bars not used. Welded wire reinforcement will be computed in square yards (square meters) of surface area of the pavement patch in which the welded wire reinforcement is installed. All mandatory saw cuts for removal operations for Class A or Class B patches will be measured for payment in place in feet (meters). Optional saw cuts with a concrete saw or wheel saw to aid the Contractor’s removal operation will not be measured for payment. Optional wheel saw cuts allowed in lieu of mandatory saw cuts will be measured for payment as though the mandatory saw cuts were performed.
442.11 Basis of Payment. Where the Contractor has the option of using
either Class C or Class D patches, this work will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for PAVEMENT PATCHING, of the type and thickness specified. Where the Department requires a specific class of patch be used, this work will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for CLASS A PATCHES, CLASS B PATCHES, CLASS C PATCHES, OR CLASS D PATCHES, of the type and thickness specified. Art. 442.11 Fiberglass Fabric Repair System When expansion joints are included in Class B patches, the expansion joint will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot (meter) for CLASS B PATCH – EXPANSION JOINT. The deformed bars will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for DEFORMED BARS – EXPANSION JOINT. Where unsuitable material is encountered in the subgrade or subbase and its removal and replacement is required by the Engineer, such removal and replacement will be paid for according to Article 109.04. Where damaged areas occur in the stabilized subbase as a result of the subbase adhering to the removed slab, the area shall be replaced with patch material and will be paid for according to Article 109.04. Any removal or disposal costs for the additional material that adhered to the removed slab shall be included in the contract unit price for the item(s) of patching involved. When additional pavement removal due to unsound concrete or deteriorated steel is directed by the Engineer, the additional quantities will be paid for according to
Article 109 — 04.
Dowel bars will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for DOWEL BARS, of the diameter specified. Pavement tie bars for Class A and Class B patches will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for TIE BARS, of the diameter specified. Reinforcement bars will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for PATCHING REINFORCEMENT. Mandatory saw cuts for Class A and Class B patches will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot (meter) for SAW CUTS. When welded wire reinforcement is included in the contract it will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for WELDED WIRE REINFORCEMENT. When welded wire reinforcement is required for patching, and a pay item is not included in the contract, the cost of the welded wire reinforcement will be paid for according to Article 109.04. SECTION 443. RESERVED SECTION 444. FIBERGLASS FABRIC REPAIR SYSTEM
444.01 Description. This work shall consist of the installation of a fiberglass
fabric repair system prior to placement of a hot-mix asphalt overlay.
444.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to Section 1063.
444.03 Equipment. Equipment shall consist of suitable sweepers, air
compressors, hand brooms, pouring buckets, rubber-edged squeegees, cutting knives, and melting kettles. All hand tools shall be in a clean condition. Melting kettles shall be propane heated and have a temperature controlling thermostat. The
Referenced in this section
PAVEMENT PATCHING in other states
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 288–301 of 1,217. View official source ↗