508REINFORCEMENT BARS

Reinforcement Bars Art. 508.04 387 BITUMINOUS SURFACE COAT. Steel traffic treads, including bolts, lag screws, or other fastenings, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square foot (square meter) for STEEL TRAFFIC TREADS.

508.01Description. This work shall consist of furnishing and placing

reinforcement bars.

508.02Materials. Materials shall be according to the following

Item Article/Section

Note 1. In lieu of a certified precast concrete producer, product from a local supplier will be accepted.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

508.03Storage, Protection, and Handling. Reinforcement bars shall be

stored off the ground using platforms, skids, or other supports; and shall be protected from injury and from deterioration by exposure. Epoxy coated reinforcement bars shall be stored on wooden or padded steel cribbing and all systems for handling shall have padded contact areas. The bars or bundles shall not be dragged or dropped.

When epoxy coated bars are stored in a manner where they will be exposed to the weather more than 60 days prior to use, they shall be protected. The protection shall consist of covering with opaque polyethylene sheeting or other suitable opaque material. The covering shall be secured and allow for air circulation around the bars to minimize condensation under the cover.

Covering of the epoxy coated bars will not be required when the bars are installed and tied, or when they are partially incorporated into the concrete. However, partially incorporated epoxy coated bars shall be protected if they will be exposed to weather until the next construction season.

508.04Cutting and Bending. Reinforcement bars shall be cut and bent at

the mill or shop to the shapes shown on the plans before shipment to the work. Bending in the field will not be permitted, except to correct errors, damage by handling and shipping, and minor omissions in shop bending.

Epoxy coated reinforcement bars that are specified to be cut in the field shall be either sawed or sheared but shall not be flame cut. Patching and repair of the cut, bent, or damaged epoxy coated reinforcement bars shall be completed using a two- part epoxy according to ASTM D 3963 (D 3963M).

Art. 508.05 Reinforcement Bars 388

508.05Placing, Securing, and Welding. All reinforcement bars shall be

placed and tied securely at the locations and in the configuration shown on the plans prior to the placement of concrete.

Manual welding of reinforcement bars may only be permitted for precast concrete products as indicated in the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum “Quality Control / Quality Assurance Program for Precast Concrete Products”, and for precast prestressed concrete products as indicated in the Department’s “Manual for Fabrication of Precast Prestressed Concrete Products”.

Uncoated wire or molded plastic clips may be used to secure reinforcement bars. However, epoxy coated reinforcement bars shall be tied with plastic coated wire, epoxy coated wire, or molded plastic clips. Molded plastic clips may be used in lieu of wire to secure bar intersections, but shall not be permitted in horizontal bar mats subject to construction foot traffic or to secure contact lap splices. Plastic clips shall adequately secure the reinforcement bars, and shall permit the concrete to flow through and fully encase the reinforcement. Plastic clips may be recycled plastic and shall meet the approval of the Engineer.

Reinforcement bars shall be tied at all intersections, except where the center to center dimension is less than 1 ft (300 mm) in each direction, in which case alternate intersections may be tied. This exception shall not apply to parapet when slipformed. For slipform parapet, the reinforcement bar intersections shall be tied using a saddle tie, wrap and saddle tie, or figure eight tie.

For structures, the number of ties as specified shall be doubled for lap splices at the stage construction line of concrete bridge decks when traffic is allowed on the first completed stage during the pouring of the second stage.

In addition to the requirements for tying reinforcement bars at intersections, the bars in the tops of bridge decks and slabs shall be securely held in place by No. 9 (3.8 mm) wire ties, or other devices fastened to the structural steel, falsework, or other structural component at a maximum of 25 ft (7.6 m) longitudinal and 15 ft (4.5 m) transverse spacing. Welding to the structural steel will not be permitted.

508.06Supports for Clearances. All supports and support systems shall

meet the approval of the Engineer. Suspending reinforcement in place will also be permitted. Supports for reinforcement bars shall be metal or plastic, except metal supports shall be used as specified according to Articles 508.06(a), (b), and (c). Concrete brick supports may be used according to Article 508.06(a).

Metal bar supports shall be made of cold-drawn wire or other metal products, and shall be either epoxy coated, galvanized, or plastic tipped. When the reinforcement bars are epoxy coated, the metal supports shall be epoxy coated. Plastic supports may be recycled plastic. Supports shall be provided in sufficient number and spaced to provide the required clearances. Supports shall adequately support the reinforcement bars and permit the concrete to flow through and fully encase the reinforcement. The legs of supports shall be spaced to allow an opening that is a minimum of 1.33 times the nominal maximum aggregate size used in the concrete. Nominal maximum aggregate size is defined as the largest sieve which retains any of the aggregate sample particles.

Reinforcement Bars Art. 508.06 389

be maintained by the use of chairs or other supports. Bar clearance from the bottom of foundations, footings, abutments, piers, culverts, and pump houses shall be maintained by concrete brick or suspended in place. Concrete brick may only be used when in contact with the existing ground surface. Pebbles, stones, building bricks, and wood blocks shall not be used for bar supports. Bars in the bottom of beams and girders shall be supported by chairs placed on the forms. In beams and girders having two or more layers of bars, the chairs for the upper layer shall rest on the immediate lower layer, top bars in beams and girders shall be supported from the stirrups or as approved by the Engineer.

Bars in the bottom of concrete bridge approach slabs shall be supported on concrete brick or on continuous bar supports that rest on concrete or concrete brick. Continuous bar supports shall be placed transversely to the bottom bars at a maximum spacing of 3 ft 3 in. (1 m). Bars in the top of concrete bridge approach slabs shall be supported on continuous metal high chairs that rest on concrete or concrete brick. Continuous metal high chairs shall be placed transverse to the bottom bars of the top mat at a maximum spacing of 3 ft (900 mm). Individual metal high chairs may be used to support the bars in the top of concrete bridge approach slabs in lieu of continuous metal high chairs. If individual metal high chairs are used, they shall be spaced at a maximum of 2 ft (600 mm) by 3 ft (900 mm) centers, or equivalent.

Supports for reinforcement bars in bridge decks shall be metal. Bars in the bottom of concrete bridge decks shall be supported from the forms on continuous bar supports placed transversely to the bottom bars at a maximum spacing of 3 ft 3 in. (1 m). Bars in the top of concrete bridge decks shall be supported on continuous metal high chairs supported from the forms and shall be placed transverse to the bottom bars of the top mat at a maximum spacing of 3 ft (900 mm). Individual metal high chairs supported from the forms may be used to support the bars in the top of concrete bridge decks in lieu of continuous metal high chairs. If individual metal high chairs are used, they shall be spaced at a maximum of 2 ft (600 mm) by 3 ft (900 mm) centers, or equivalent.

Prior to the placement of concrete for bridge decks, the clearance for the top mat of reinforcement bars shall be checked. A template shall be attached to the finishing machine or vibrating screed and a dry run shall be made over the entire area of the deck. The template shall be set to 1/4 in. (6 mm) less than the specified clearance to allow for tie wires. Any reinforcement exceeding the allowable tolerance shall be corrected before the start of concrete placement.

continuously reinforced concrete pavement. Bars in continuously reinforced concrete pavement shall have a maximum support spacing of 3 ft (900 mm) transversely or 4 ft (1.2 m) longitudinally. The chair supports shall be fabricated with sand plates unless the supports are fabricated using the transverse bar and have two continuous subbase bearing members attached to the upright supports. Wire size for the bearing member shall be

Art. 508.06 Reinforcement Bars 390 W7 or larger. The Contractor shall submit prints of shop drawings showing details of chair supports and their spacing to the Engineer.

continuously reinforced concrete pavement. Bars in continuously reinforced concrete pavement shall have a maximum support spacing of 3 ft (900 mm) transversely or 4 ft (1.2 m) longitudinally when using continuous bar supports. If individual metal high chairs are used, they shall be spaced at a maximum of 2 ft (600 mm) by 3 ft (900 mm) centers, or equivalent. Supports shall rest on hot-mix asphalt, existing cement aggregate mixture II, concrete brick, or other chair support material approved by the Engineer.

The requirements, as herein specified, for supporting reinforcement bars in structures, pavements, or pavement patching are minimum requirements only and the Contractor is in no way relieved of the responsibility of providing additional supports as may be required to support the bars firmly in their correct position. When working loads on the bars prior to and during concrete placement includes chutes, pipes, or tubes for pumping concrete, or other unusual material or equipment, special consideration shall be given to the need for supplementary bar supports.

508.07Reinforcement Bar Repair and Concrete Placement

Requirements. After the reinforcement bars are in place and before placement of the concrete, the coated bars will be inspected for damage to the coating. Patching and repair of damaged epoxy coated reinforcement shall be according to Article

. Damage caused during shipment of epoxy bars or by installation procedures

or both need not be repaired in cases where the damaged area is 1/4 x 1/4 in. (6 x 6 mm) or smaller, and the sum of all damaged areas in each 1 ft (300 mm) length of bar does not exceed two percent of the bar surface area. All damaged areas larger than 1/16 sq in. (40 sq mm) shall be repaired and all bars with total damage greater than two percent of bar surface area in any 1 ft (300 mm) length of bar shall be removed and replaced. The total bar surface area covered by patching material shall not exceed five percent.

Prior to the placement of any concrete, all mortar or other foreign material shall be removed from the reinforcement. . Placement of the concrete shall not commence until the Engineer has inspected and approved the reinforcement placement. The Contractor shall correct any misalignment of the reinforcement bars occurring during the placement of the concrete. Reinforcement bars shall not be placed by sticking or floating into the fresh concrete or immediately after placement of the concrete.

Epoxy coated bars at bonded construction joints shall be protected from coating damage during preparation of the joint surfacing for bonding. If sandblasting is used in preparation of the joint area, as allowed in Article 503.09(b), the Contractor shall be required to wrap or otherwise protect the bar coating during the blasting operation.

508.08Splicing. Reinforcement bars shall be furnished in their full lengths

and splicing will only be permitted where shown on the plans or by written approval of the Engineer. All splicing shall be performed as specified herein; splicing by welding will not be allowed.

Reinforcement Bars Art. 508.09 391

reinforcement shall be lapped the specified length, placed in direct contact, and wired together.

continuous line of reinforcement and not specified to be contact spliced, shall be lapped the specified length and either spaced transversely a clear distance apart or contact spliced as described in (1) above, whichever requires the least adjustment to the bar spacing. The clear distance apart shall be from a minimum of 2 1/2 in. (63 mm) to a maximum of either 1/5 the lap length or 6 in. (150 mm), whichever is least.

shall be performed with bar splicer assemblies.

connection shall be performed with a mechanical splicer. Splicer bar type systems lapped with the primary reinforcement will not be allowed.

508.09English Substitution of Metric Reinforcement Bars. The

Contractor shall have the option to replace metric reinforcement bars as shown on the plans with English size reinforcement bars or metric size bars which have been soft converted. Soft conversion is an exact conversion to the nearest millimeter.

plans may be replaced bar for bar with the next size English bar or soft converted metric reinforcement bar of equal or greater cross-sectional area. The exception is the No. 5 English bar or No. 16 soft converted metric bar, which may replace bar for bar the No. 15 metric bar shown on the plans.

For slab bridges and slabs of culverts, reevaluation of the slab design will be required prior to any reinforcement bar substitutions. The Contractor shall submit the design to the Engineer for approval.

Metric Bar Size Shown on the Plans Area sq mm English Bar Size Metric Bar Size Soft Converted ASTM A 706 (A 706M) Area sq mm No.10 100 No. 4 #13 129 No. 15 200 No. 5 #16 199 No. 20 300 No. 7 #22 387 No. 25 500 No. 8 #25 510 No. 30 700 No. 10 #32 819 No. 35 1000 No. 11 #36 1006 No. 45 1500 No. 18 #57 2581

pavements and appurtenances, the Contractor may use the given English sizes shown on the Highway Standards or metric size bars which have been soft converted, as shown in Article 508.09(a).

Art. 508.10 Reinforcement Bars 392

508.10Method of Measurement. This work will be measured for payment as

follows.

shall conform to Article 202.07(a).

bars incorporated in structures will be measured in pounds (kilograms) as computed for the sizes and lengths of bars shown on the plans or authorized by the Engineer. In computing the quantity to be paid for, the quantity of the bars of the cross section shown on the plans, or authorized, will be used. These weights (masses) are given in the following table.

English Bar Size Weight, lb/ft No. 3 0.376 No. 4 0.668 No. 5 1.043 No. 6 1.502 No. 7 2.044 No. 8 2.670 No. 9 3.400 No. 10 4.303 No. 11 5.313 No. 14 7.650 No. 18 13.600

Metric Bar Size Mass, kg/m No. 10 0.560 No. 13 0.994 No. 16 1.552 No. 19 2.235 No. 22 3.042 No. 25 3.973 No. 29 5.060 No. 32 6.404 No. 36 7.907 No. 43 11.380 No. 57 20.240

The computed weight (mass) will not include the extra metal used when bars larger than those specified are substituted by the Contractor per Article 508.09 or with the permission of the Engineer, the extra metal necessary for splices when bars shorter than those specified are substituted with the permission of the Engineer, the weight (mass) of any devices used to support or fasten the steel in correct position, the weight (mass) of the epoxy coating, or the weight (mass) of specified splice bars.

Tie bars in pavement or between pavement and other new and/or existing portland cement concrete appurtenances, including all labor and materials required for installation and testing, will not be paid for separately, but shall

Metal Railings Art. 509.02 393 be considered as included in the unit bid price for the portland cement concrete item involved. Dowel bars in load transmission devices for pavement when required, will not be measured for payment. Reinforcement bars required for concrete piles or other reinforced concrete work in structures, where the concrete is not measured for payment in cubic yards (cubic meters), will not be measured for payment, but shall be considered as part of the piles or other complete units that are to be paid for as such. If the weight (mass) of the reinforcement per unit of measurement is increased from that shown on the plans, by authority of the Engineer, the additional weight (mass) of the steel will be measured for payment.

508.11Basis of Payment. Reinforcement bars in reinforced concrete

structures where the concrete is paid for at a unit price per cubic yard (cubic meter), will be paid for at the contract unit price per pound (kilogram) for REINFORCEMENT BARS or REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED.

Bar splicer assemblies will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for BAR SPLICERS.

Mechanical splicers will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for MECHANICAL SPLICERS.

SECTION 509. METAL RAILINGS

509.01Description. This work shall consist of furnishing and erecting metal

railings, and furnishing, erecting, maintaining, and removing temporary steel railings.

509.02Materials. Materials shall be according to the following

Item Article/Section

Note 1. When galvanized fencing is specified, the chain link fabric shall be according to Article 1006.27(a)(1)a., b., or c. When painting is specified for posts and/or frames, the chain link fabric, ties and tensioning components shall be vinyl coated according to Article 1006.27(a)(1)d.