316 Open graded mixtures shall be compacted with six passes of a static tandem roller and will be assigned a value of 84.0% MSG. Vibratory rollers shall not be used on open graded mixtures. Compaction of 4.75 mm mixtures shall be in accordance with 402.15, except vibratory rollers shall be operated in static mode and the vertical impact force capability of oscillatory rollers shall not be used. 530 Compaction of mixtures with original contract pay item quantities less than 300 t shall be in accordance with 402.15. Density acceptance by cores will be base d on samples obtained from two random locations selected by the Engi neer within each sublot in accordance with ITM 802. One core shall be cut at each random location in accordance with ITM 580. The transverse core location will be located so that the edge of the core will be no closer than 3 in. from a confined edge or 6 in. from a non-confined edge of the course being placed. The maximum specific gravity will be determined from the samples obtained in 401.09. 540 The Contractor shall obtain cores in the presence of the Engineer with a device that shall produce a uniform 6.00 ±0.25 in. diameter pavement sample. Coring shall be completed prior to the random location being covered by the next course. All core locations will be marked and shall be cored within two work days of placement. A damaged core shall be discarde d and replaced with a core from a location selected by adding 1 ft to the longitudinal location of the damaged core using the same transverse offset. 550 The Contractor and the Engineer shall mark the core to define the course to be tested. If the core indicates a course thic kness of less than two times the maximum particle size, the core will be discarded and a core from a new random location will be selected for testing. Cores shall not be obtained from the following areas:
a.Mixture placed on an approach, taper, gore area, crossover that is not placed simultaneously with the mainline.
b.Mixture placed on a shoulder less th an 8 ft in width that is not placed simultaneously with the mainline.
c.Within 25 ft of a transverse construction joint.
d.Within 25 ft of an acceptan ce sample taken in accordance with 401.09. 401.16 317 (e) Areas placed with paving equi pment in accordance with 409.03(c)2 or 409.03(c)3. 570 If a random location falls within this area, the Engineer will randomly select another location within the sublot for coring. If an entire sublot falls within this area, test results from the previous sublot will be used for acceptance. If the previous sublot is not available, the subsequent su blot will be used for acceptance. The Engineer will take immediate possession of the cores. If the Engineer’s cores are subsequently damaged, additional co ring will be the responsibility of the Department. Subsequent core locations will be determined by subtracting 1 ft from the random location using the same transverse offset. 580 The density for the mixture will be expressed as: Density, % =BSG MSG x 100 where: BSG = average bulk specific gravity MSG = maximum specific gravity Samples for the bulk specific gravity and maximum specific gravity will be dried in accordance with ITM 572. The Engineer will determine the bulk specific gravity of 590 the cores in accordance w ith AASHTO T 166, Method A or AASHTO T 331, if required. The maximum specific gravity will be mass determined in water in accordance with AASHTO T 209. Within one work day of coring operations, the Contractor shall clean, dry, and refill the core holes with either HMA of similar or smaller size particles or bridge deck repair material from the QPL of Rapid Setting Patch Materials. The rapid setting patch material shall be mixed in a separate cont ainer and placed in the hole in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, consolidated by rodding, and struck-off flush with the adjacent pavement. 600 The Engineer’s acceptance test results for each sublot will be available when the sublot testing is complete. Acceptance of the pavement for density, %MSG, will be reported to the nearest 0.01%. Rounding will be in accordance with 109.01(a).
401.17 Pavement Corrugations Pavement corrugations shall be in accordance with 606.
401.18 Pavement Smoothness
Pavement smoothness will be accepted by means of an inertial profiler, a 16 ft 610 straightedge, or a 10 ft straightedge as described below.
a.Inertial Profiler with Smoothness Pay Adjustments When a pay item for Inertial Profiler, HMA is included in the contract, the 401.18 318 Contractor shall furnish, calibrate, and operate an approved inertial profiler in accordance with ITM 917 for the accepta nce of longitudinal smoothness on the mainline traveled way, incl uding adjacent acceleration or deceleration lanes, where all of the following conditions are met: 1. The posted speed is greater than 45 mph. 620
2.The traveled way width and slope are constant and is at least 0.5 mi in length.
3.The HMA is placed on a milled surface and the planned lay rate for a single lift is 165 lb/sq yd or greater, or the total combined planned lay rate of surface, intermediate, and base courses is 385 lb/sq yd or greater. The profiles and International Roughness Index, IRI, results including areas of 630 localized roughness shall become the property of the Department. The inertial profiler shall remain the property of the Contractor. The project area will be divided into individual smoothness sections measuring 0.1 mi in length for each lane. The paving exceptions and areas exempt from inertial profiler operation will be in accordance with ITM 917. If the posted speed limit for an entire smoothness section is less than or equal to 45 mph, the section will be exempt from Inertial Profiler operation and the smoothness within the section will be accepted in accordance with 401.18(b). 640 If the posted speed limit is greater than 45 mph for a portion of a smoothness section and is less than or equal to 45 mph for the remainder, the section smoothness acceptance will be as follows:
1.By inertial profiler for the portion of the section with a posted speed limit greater than 45 mph.
2.In accordance with 401.18(b ) for the portion of the section with a posted speed limit less than or equal to 45 mph. 650 At locations where the inertial profiler is required, it shall be used on the surface course and on any dense graded intermediate course immediately below the surface course. (b) 16 ft Straightedge The Contractor shall furnish and operate a 16 ft straightedge in accordance with 306.03(d) and as described below. The 16 ft straightedge shall be used to measure smoothness along the direction of mainline traffic. 660 401.18 319 Locations on the pavement surface scrape d by the straightedge shall be marked. The pavement shall be corrected in accordan ce with 401.18(e) to meet the required tolerance. For existing utility and manhole castings that required no grade adjustment, the tolerance may be adjusted after being reviewed and approved by the Engineer. For contracts which include the Inertial Profiler, HMA pay item, the 16 ft straightedge or the Inertial Profiler simulati ng the 16 ft straightedge shall be used to measure longitudinal smoothness on surface courses at the following locations:
1.All mainline traveled way lanes shorter than 0.5 mi. 670
2.All mainline traveled way lanes at locations exempted from inertial profiler operation in accordance with ITM 917.
3.All mainline traveled way lanes within smoothness sections with posted speed limits less than or equal to 45 mph throughout the entire section length.
4.All tapers.
5.All ramps.
6.All turn lanes, including bi-directional left turn lanes shorter than 0.5 mi.
7.All acceleration and decelera tion lanes associated with ramps with posted speeds of 45 mph or less.
8.All shoulders.
9.All intersections with significant change in cross slope. For contracts where the inertial profiler is not used for smoothness acceptance, the 16 ft straightedge shall be used to measure longitudinal smoothness on all surface courses, and on any dense graded intermediate course immediately below the surface course. Measurement with the 16 ft straightedge shall include the above locations, all mainline traveled way lanes and ramps with posted speeds greater than 45 mph, and on ramp acceleration or deceleration lanes.
c.10 ft Straightedge 700 The 10 ft straightedge will be in accordance with 306.03(d). The 10 ft straightedge will be used to check transverse slopes, acr oss travel lanes and shoulders, approaches, and crossovers. When the 10 ft straightedge is used, the pavement variations shall be corrected to 1/8 in. or less.
d.Areas of Localized Roughness, ALR At locations where the inertial profiler is being used on an intermediate course, 401.18 320 all areas having a localized roughness in excess of 160 in./mi utilizing continuous IRI with a 25 ft window shall be corrected subject to approval by the Engineer. At locations where the iner tial profiler is being used on a surface course, all areas under category Type A, as defined in 401.19(c), having a localized roughness in excess of 160 in./mi or category Type B in excess of 170 in./mi utilizing continuous IRI with a 25 ft window shall be corrected subject to approval by the Engineer. After ALR's have been identified, a grinding simulation shall be performed to estimate whether the ALR can be corrected to an IRI value of less than 160 in./mi with no more than a 1/4 in. max grind depth at any spot. If such correction is not possible, then an ALR with an IRI value of less than 190 in./mi can remain uncorrected if approved by the Engineer, and an ALR with an IRI value greater than 190 in./mi shall require full depth removal and replacement of the surface course of sufficient area to meet specifications. 720 In addition, if there is only one ALR in any two lane mile section, then no smoothness correction will be required if the ALR does not exceed 190 in./mi and the overall smoothness in accordance with 401.18(d) of the two lane mile section does not require any corrective action. A two lane mile section will start one mile before the ALR and end one mile after the ALR in order that all two lane mile sections will have, at most, one ALR each.
e.Smoothness Section Correction The width of the corrected area may be partial or full lane width, depending on 730 the respective wheel path profiles. Underlying courses that are exposed by corrective action shall be milled to a depth of 1 1/2 in. and replaced with surface course. After the corrective action is taken on a surface cour se, the inertial profiler shall be operated throughout the entire affected smoothness section to verify the adequacy of the corrective action. At locations where the 16 ft straightedge is used, the pavement variations shall be corrected to 1/4 in. or less. If grinding of an intermediate course is used for pavement smoothness 740 corrections, the grinding shall not precede the surface placement by more than 30 calendar days if open to traffic. 401.19 Pay Factors
a.Dense Graded Mixture One Lot Pay factors, PF, are calcula ted for the air voids at N des, Vbe at N des and in-place density, %Gmm. The Percent Within Limits, PWL, for each lot will be determined in accordance with ITM 588. The appropriate pay factor for each property is calculated as follows: Estimated PWL greater than 90: 401.19 PF = ((0.50 x PWL) + 55.00)/100 Estimated PWL greater than 70 and equal to or less than 90: PF = ((0.40 x PWL) + 64.00)/100 Estimated PWL greater than or equal to 50 and equal to or less than 70: PF = ((0.85 x PWL) + 32.5)/100 If the Lot PWL for any one of the properties is less than 50, a sublot has an air void content less than 1.0% or greater than 8.0%, or a sublot has a volume of effective binder greater than 3.0% above design minimums, the lot will be referred to the Department’s Division of Materials and Tests for adjudication as a failed material in accordance with normal Department practice as listed in 105.03. Air voids, Vbe, and in-place density, %Gmm, PF values will be reported to the nearest 0.01. Rounding will be in accordance with 109.01(a). A composite pay factor for each lot based on test results for mixture properties and density is determined by a weighted formula as follows: Lot PF = 0.30(PF VOIDS ) + 0.35(PF Vbe) + 0.35(PF DENSITY ) where: Lot PF = Lot Composite Pay Factor for Mixture and Density PFVOIDS = Lot Pay Factor for Air Voids at N des PFVbe = Lot Pay Factor for Vbe at N des PFDENSITY = Lot Pay Factor for In-Place Density, % Gmm The lot quality assurance adjustment for mixture properties and density is calculated as follows: q = L x U x (Lot PF – 1.00)/MAF where: q = quality assurance adjustment for mixture properties and density of the lot L = Lot quantity U = Unit price for the material, $/ton Lot PF = Lot Pay Factor Lot test results for the air voids at N des, Vbe at N des, and density will be used to determine the Lot Pay Factors. 790 401.19 322 The specification limits for the air voids at N des, Vbe at N des, and density will be as follows: SPECIFICATION LIMITS Mixture LSL* USL** Air Voids at N des, % 3.60 6.40 Volume of Effective Binder at N des, % Spec Spec +2.50 Density LSL* USL** Roadway Core Density (%Gmm), % 93.00 n/a * LSL, Lower Specification Limit ** USL, U pper Specification Limit
b.Dense Graded Mixture < On e Lot and Open Graded Mixture A composite pay factor for each sublot based on test results for mixture properties and density is determined in a weighted formula as follows: Dense Graded Mixture: 800 SCPF = 0.30(PF VOIDS ) + 0.35(PF Vbe) + 0.35(PF DENSITY ) Open Graded Mixture: SCPF = 0.20(PF BINDER ) + 0.35(PF VOIDS ) + 0.45 where: SCPF = Sublot Composite Pay Factor for Mixture and Density PFBINDER = Sublot Pay Factor for Binder Content PFVOIDS = Sublot Pay Factor for Air Voids at N des PFVbe = Sublot Pay Factor for Vbe at N des PFDENSITY = Sublot Pay Factor for Density If the SCPF for an open graded sublot is less than 0.85 or the volume of effective binder is greater than 3.0% above design minimums, the sublot will be referred to the Division of Materials and Test s for adjudication as a failed material in accordance with 105.03. The sublot quality assurance adjustment for mixture properties and density is calculated as follows: q = L x U x (SCPF – 1.00)/MAF where: 820 401.19 323 q = quality assurance adjustment for the sublot L = sublot quantity U = unit price for the material $/ton SCPF = sublot composite pay factor Sublot test results for mixture properties will be assigned pay factors in accordance with the following: BINDER CONTENT Open Graded Deviation from DMF (±%) Pay Factor 1.05 0.3 1.04 0.4 1.02 0.5 1.00 0.6 0.90 0.7 0.80 0.8 0.60 0.9 0.30 1.0 0.00 >1.0 Submitted to the Division of Materials and Tests* * Test results will be considered and adjudicated as a failed material in accordance with normal De partment practice as listed in 105.03. VOLUME OF EFFECTIVE BINDER, Vbe Dense Graded Pay Factors Deviation from Spec Minimum > +3.0 Submitted to the Division of Materials and Tests* DQG 1.00 - 0.05 for each 0.1% above +2.5% > +2.0 and < +2.5 1.05 - 0.01 for each 0.1% above +2.0% > +0.5 and < +2.0 1.05 DQG 1.05 - 0.01 for each 0.1% below +0.5% -0.5 and < 0.0 1.00 - 0.02 for each 0.1% below 0.0% -2.0 and < -0.5 0.90 - 0.06 for each 0.1% below -0.5% < -2.0 Submitted to the Division of Materials and Tests* * Test results will be considered and adjudicated as a failed material in accordance with normal De partment practice as listed in 105.03. 401.19 324 AIR VOIDS Dense Graded Open Graded Pay Factor Deviation from Spec (±%) Deviation** (±%) 3.0 1.05 !DQG 7 > 3 DQG 4.0 1.00 4.1 0.98 1.8 4.2 0.96 4.3 0.94 4.4 0.92 1.9 4.5 0.90 2.0 4.6 0.84 4.7 0.78 4.8 0.72 4.9 0.66 5.0 0.60 > 2.0 > 5.0 Submitted to the Division of Materials and Tests* * Test results will be considered and adjudicated as a failed material in accordance with normal Department practice as listed in 105.03. ** Deviation shall be from 17.5% for OG25.0 mm and OG19.0 mm mixtures and shall be from 14.5% for OG9.5 mm mixtures. For mixtures produced during a plant’s adjustment period, pay factors based on the DMF with the above tolerances will be used to compute quality assurance adjustments. Sublot test results for density will be assigned pay factors in accordance with the following: DENSITY Percentages are based on %MSG Pay Factors, % Dense Graded 8.0 Submitted to the Division of Materials and Tests* 97.0 - 97.9 1.00 96.6 - 96.9 1.05 - 0.01 for each 0.1% above 96.5 95.0 - 96.5 1.05 94.1 - 94.9 1.00 + 0.005 for each 0.1% above 94.0 93.0 - 94.0 1.00 92.0 - 92.9 1.00 - 0.005 for each 0.1% below 93.0 91.0 - 91.9 0.95 - 0.010 for each 0.1% below 92.0 90.0 - 90.9 0.85 - 0.030 for each 0.1% below 91.0 9.9 Submitted to the Division of Materials and Tests* * Test results will be considered and adjudicated as a failed material in accordance with normal Department practice as listed in 105.03. 401.19 The pay factors will be rounded to the nearest 0.01.
c.Smoothness 840 Smoothness pay adjustments will only be applied when the smoothness is measured by an inertial profiler in accordance with 401.18(a). The Mean Roughness Index, MRI, will be determined utilizing a fixed interval for each lane for each 0.1 mile section of paving. The MRI for a 0.1 mile section will be the average of the IRI of the two wheel paths. Categorized segments shall be as follows: 1. Type A. Pavement on a non-interstate with more than a single opportunity to achieve a smooth ride or asphalt pavement on an 850 interstate with a single opportunity or more. The following operations, if performed on the contract, will be considered opportunities.
a.A layer of HMA base, intermediate, and surface; each layer is an opportunity. Wedge and level will not be considered an opportunity.
b.Profile milling to correct cross slope is considered an opportunity prior to placing base, intermediate, or 860 surface HMA.
2.Type B. Pavement that is not included in the description above under Type A. At locations where an inertial profiler is used to accept smoothness, a quality assurance adjustment will be determined for each lane. This adjustment will be applied to all QC/QA HMA pay items within the pavement section. The adjustment will be calculated using the following formula: 870 where: qs = quality assurance adjustment for smoothness for one section PFs = pay factor for smoothness n = number of layers A = area of the section, sq yd S = planned spread rate for material, lb/sq yd T = conversion factor: 2,000 lb/ton U = unit price for the material, $/ton. 401.19 The quality assurance adjustment for smoothness, Q s, for the contract will be the total of the quality assurance adjustments for smoothness, q s, on each section by the following formula: Qs T s When smoothness is measured by an inertial profiler, payment adjustments will 880 be made for any 0.1 mile section based on initial MRI generated on the surface course only and in accordance with the following ta ble. Smoothness correction, if required, shall be in accordance with 401.18(e). The MRI pay factors for smoothness will be determined prior to any required smoothness correction. PAY FACTORS FOR SMOOTHNESS Posted Speed greater than 45 mph MRI, in./mi. Pay Factor, PF over 0 to 35 1.06 over 35 to 40 1.05 over 40 to 45 1.04 over 45 to 50 1.03 over 50 to 55 1.02 over 55 to 60 1.01 over 60 to 70 1.00 over 70 to 75 0.99 over 75 to 80 0.98 over 80 to 85 0.96 over 85 to 90 0.95 over 90 For Type A, PFs will be 0.95 and the section shall be corrected to 70 or less. over 90 to 110 For Type B, PFs will be 0.95 and the section does not require correction. over 110 For Type B, PFs will be 0.95 and the section shall be corrected to 90 or less.
401.20 Appeals (a) Dense Graded Mixtures and Open Graded Mixtures 890
If the QC test results do not agree with the acceptance test results in a sublot, a request, along with a comparison of the QC and acceptance test results, may be made in writing for additional testing of that sublot. The appeal sample will be analyzed in 401.20 327 a lab different than the lab th at analyzed the original samp le at the discretion of the Engineer. The Contractor may appeal an individual sublot for the binder content, the MSG, the BSG of the gyratory specimens, or the BSG of the density cores when the QC results are greater than one standard devi ation from the acceptance test results as follows: 0.25 for binder content, 0.010 for the MSG and BSG of the gyratory 900 specimens, and 0.020 for the BSG of the density cores. Upon request from the Contractor, the BSG of the density core may be exempted from the individual sublot appeal if both the QC and QA results show a %MSG for the density greater than or equal to 93.0%. A $500.00 credit adjustment will be include d in a quality adjustment pay item in accordance with 109.05.1(d) for each appeal ed sublot that did not result in an improvement to the SCPF or Lot PF. 910 A written request for an appeal shall be submitted within seven calendar days of receipt of the Department’s written results for the lot accepted under 401.19(a) or the sublot accepted under 401.19(b). The conditions for an extended lot appeal are as follows:
1.one appeal will be allowed for the entire extended lot if the Contractor informs the Department of the anticipated extended lot condition within seven calendar days of receipt of the lot results, or
2.one appeal will be allowed only for the extended sublots if the Contractor did not inform the Department of the anticipated extended lot condition within seve n calendar days of receipt of the lot results. The backup sample will be tested in accordance with the applicable test method for the sublot requested for all tests exceeding the sublot standard deviation criteria.
1.MSG The backup MSG will be dried in accordance with ITM 572 and mass determined 930 in water in accordance with AASHTO T 209.
2.BSG of the Gyratory Specimen New gyratory specimens will be prepared and tested in accordance with AASHTO T 312 from the backup sample.
3.Binder Content The backup binder content sample will be prepared and tested in accordance with ITM 571. 940 401.20 328 4. BSG of the Density Core Additional cores shall be taken within seven calendar days unless otherwise directed. Additional core locations will be determined by adding 1 ft longitudinally of the cores tested using the same transverse of fset. The appeal density cores will be dried in accordance with ITM 572 and tested in accordance with AASHTO T 166, Method A or AASHTO T 331, if required. The appeal results will replace all previous test result for acceptance of mixture in accordance with 401.09 and density in acco rdance with 401.16. The results will be furnished to the Contractor. 950
b.Smoothness The Department will perform annual Qua lity Assurance reviews of a portion of each Contractor’s MRI results in accordance with ITM 917. The Contractor’s results will be compared to the Department’s. The Department will notify the Contractor of unacceptable results in a timely manner. The Department will allow an appeal period of 14 days during which time the Contractor shall submit a written request and appeal results for Department review. If the Contractor’s appeal results do not agree with the Department’s results, the Contractor shall be required to perform a side-by-side evaluation. The Department’s results will be utilized for smoothness payment in place 960 of the Contractor’s results unless the Contract or’s appeal results are determined to be acceptable for payment. Sections where corr ective action has taken place prior to the Department’s data collection will utilize the Contractor’s initial results prior to corrective action for payment.
401.21 Method of Measurement
HMA mixtures will be measured by the ton of the type specified, in accordance with 109.01(b). The measured quantity will be divided by the MAF to determine the pay quantity. 970 Milled shoulder corrugations will be measured in accordance with 606.02. Joint adhesive will be measured by the linear foot in accordance with 109.01(a). Liquid asphalt sealant will be measured by the linear foot. 401.22 Basis of Payment The accepted quantities for this work will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for QC/QA-HMA, of the type specified, complete in place. Payment for furnishing, calibrating, operating the inertial profiler, and furnishing 980 IRI profile information will be made at the contract lump sum price for Inertial Profiler, HMA. Furnishing and operating the 16 ft straightedge shall be included in the cost of other pay items within this section. 401.21 329 Adjustments to the contract payment with respect to mixture, density, and smoothness for the mixture produced will be included in a quality adjustment pay item in accordance with 109.05.1. Milled shoulder corrugations will be paid for in accordance with 606.03. Joint adhesive will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot, complete in place. Liquid asphalt sealant will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Symbol Inertial Profiler, HMA ............................................................... LS 1000 Joint Adhesive , __________ ..................................................... LFT course type Liquid Asphalt Sealant .............................................................. LFT QC/QA-HMA, ______, ______, ______, ______mm .............. TON (ESAL (1)) (PG(2)) (Course(3)) (Mix(4))
1.ESAL Category as defined in 401.04
2.Number represents the high temperature binder grade. Low temperature grades are - 22
3.Surface, Intermediate, or Base
4.Mixture Designation 1010 Preparation of surfaces to be overlaid shall be included in the cost of other pay items. Coring and refilling of the core holes shall be included in the cost of other pay items within this section. No payment will be made for additional anti-stripping additives, appeal coring, or traffic control expenditures related to coring operations. 1020 The cost of removing and replacing soft and yielding areas shall be included in the cost of other pay items in this section. Corrections for pavement smoothness sha ll be included in the cost of other pay items within this section. The price for Inertial Profiler, HMA will be full compensation regardless of how often the inertial profiler is used or how often the IRI is determined. If QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm over QC/QA- HMA 25.0 mm mixtures are specified, 1030 QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm mixture may be considered as a substitute for the QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm and QC/QA-HMA 25.0 mm mixtures upon a written request by the Contractor. The request for the substitution shall be prepared in advance of the work. 401.22 330 A computation will be made in order to obtain a unit price for the QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm mixture. The quantity and amount for QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm mixture shall equal the sum of the contract quantities and amounts shown for QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm and QC/QA-HMA 25.0 mm mixtures. The unit price for QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm mixture shall be equal to the sum of contract amounts divided by the sum of contract quantities. Payment for the QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm mixture will be made at the unit price per ton for QC/QA-HMA 19.0 mm mixture. No payment will be made for additional work or 1040 costs which may result due to this change.
Source: Indiana Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 327–339 of 1,248.