375 MATERIALS
414.02 Materials
Materials shall be in acco rdance with the following: Asphalt Emulsion ........................................................ 902.01(b)2 Asphalt Materials PG Binder, PG 64- 22, PG 76-22 .......................... 902.01(a) 20 PG Binder Grade .................................................. 414.02(b) Coarse Aggregates, Class A or Higher ........................ 904.03 and 414.02(c) Fine Aggregates ........................................................... 904.02 Mineral Filler ............................................................... 904.02(f)
a.Blank
b.Asphalt Materials The PG binder grade shall be selected based on the following requirements: 30 PG Binder ESAL 64-22 < 10,000,000 76-22 Additional requirements for the PG 76-22 binder as follows: Characteristic Test Method Min. Max. Separation, % prepared by ASTM D 7173 AASHTO T 53 6qC Elastic Recovery, @ 39 qF (4qC), % AASHTO T 301 60
c.Coarse Aggregates Additional requirements for coarse aggregate shall also be as follows: Characteristic Method Min. Max. Coarse Aggregate Angularity ASTM D5821 95/85* Micro-Deval Abrasion, % loss AASHTO T 327 18 * Denotes two faced crush re quirements.
414.03 Design Mix Formula The DMF shall be determined for each mixture prepared by a Qualified Mix
Design Laboratory selected from the Department's list of Qualified Mix Design Laboratories. The Contractor shall submit a DMF for each mixture to the Engineer one week prior to use. The DMF shall state the maximum particle size in the mixture, the 414.03 376 mixture gradation, the total aggregate bulk specific gravity, the maximum and bulk specific gravity of the UBWC mixture and the application rate for any anti-stripping additives. No mixture shall be used until the DMF has been reviewed by the DTE.
414.04 Mix Design The binder content and the percentage of aggregate passing each sieve shall be in
accordance with the following requirements: MIXTURE DESIGNATION – CONTROL POINT (Percent Passing) Sieve Size 12.5 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm 3/4 in. (19.0 mm) 100.0 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) 85.0 - 100.0 100.0 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 55.0 - 80.0 85.0 - 100.0 100.0 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 22.0 - 38.0 22.0 - 38.0 40.0 - 55.0 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 19.0 - 32.0 19.0 - 32.0 20.0 - 32.0 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 15.0 - 24.0 15.0 - 24.0 15.0 - 24.0 No. 30 (600 μm) 11.0 - 18.0 11.0 - 18.0 11.0 - 18.0 No. 50 (300 μm) 8.0 - 14.0 8.0 - 14.0 8.0 - 14.0 No. 100 (150 μm) 5.0 - 10.0 5.0 - 10.0 5.0 - 10.0 No. 200 (75 μm) 4.0 - 5.5 4.0 - 5.5 4.0 - 5.5 Binder Content, % 4.6 - 6.1 4.8 - 6.1 5.0 - 6.3 Plan Lay Rate (lb/sq yd)* 90 75 65 * Plan lay rates are based on 100 lb/sq yd/in. using a mixture with a specific gravity of 2.5. Mixtures with different specific gravity will require an adjusted equivalent lay rate. The binder film thickness shall be a minimum of 0.4 mil. The binder content of the mix shall be determined by calculating the binder film thickness in accordance with ITM 589. 60 The maximum specific gravity of the UBWC mixture shall be mass determined in water in accordance with AASHTO T 209. The bulk specific gravity of the UBWC mi xture shall be determined in accordance with AASHTO T 331. Draindown from the loose mixture shall not exceed 0.10% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 305. The TSR shall meet or exceed 80% wh en tested in accordance with AASHTO T 70 283(1). Specimens for AASHTO T 283 shall be 6 in. in diameter by 3 3/4 ±1/4 in. height and compacted in acco rdance with AASHTO T 312, except the specimens shall be compacted to 100 gyrations and resultant air voids reported for information purposes only. 414.04 377 The compaction temperatures shall be 300 ±10°F.
1.AASHTO T 283 shall be used with the following exceptions:
a.Condition the mixture for 4 h in accordance with AASHTO R 80 30, Section 7.1.
b.Compact the Superpave Gyra tory Compactor, SGC, specimens to 100 gyrations.
c.Extrude the samples as soon as possible without damage to the sample.
d.Use AASHTO T 269 to determine the void content.
e.Record the void content of the specimens.
f.If less than 55% saturation is achieved, the procedure does not need to be repeated unless th e difference in tensile strength between duplicate specimens is greater than 25 lb/sq in.
414.05 Use of Recycled Materials Recycled materials shall be in accordan ce with 401.06 for dense graded surfaces,
except RAP for use in the UBWC mixture shall be 100% passing the 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) sieve and 95 to 100% passing the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve. 100
414.06 Quality Control
The Contractor shall produce a mixture in compliance with the DMF within the limits of the quality control tolerances. The Contractor shall maintain all quality control documentation and make a copy available to the Engineer upon request or at completion of work. The Contractor shall sample the mix a minimum once per day in accordance with ITM 580, section 8.6 Truck Samples, Dense Graded HMA Mixture. The sample shall be tested for binder content and gradation prior to the next day’s production. 110 The Contractor shall take corrective action when the bind er content exceeds r0.5% from that stated in the DMF as tested in accord ance with ITM 586. The Contractor shall take corrective ac tion when the aggregate gradation exceeds the following values from that stated in the DMF as tested in accordance with AASHTO T 30. 414.06 378 Sieve Size Quality Control Tolerances ( r), % Mixture Designation - Tolerances 12.5 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm 3/4 in. (19.0 mm) 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) 5.0 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 5.0 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 4.0 4.0 5.0 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 4.0 4.0 4.0 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 4.0 No. 200 (75 μm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 120
414.07 Equipment
The equipment shall be in accordance with 409.01, 409.02, 409.03(b), 409.03(d)1, and as follows: The paver shall be self-priming, designed and built for applying the UBWC. The paver shall have:
a.a receiving hopper,
b.feed system, 130
c.asphalt emulsion storage tank,
d.a calibrated metering system for measuring the emulsion volume applied,
e.a spray bar,
f.a heated, variable width, combination vibratory screed, or
g.a combination vibratory-tamping bar screed. The paver shall be capable of spraying the asphalt emulsion, applying the asphalt mix and leveling the surface of the mat in one pass. The screed shall have the ability to crown the pavement at the center.
414.08 Preparation of Surface
The Contractor shall be responsible for all surface preparation to meet the requirements for warranted UBWC. All castings and detector housings not identified on the plans as being reset shall be protected prior to the application of material in accordance with 404.07, except that rais ed pavement markers shall be removed.
414.09 Asphalt Emulsion The asphalt emulsion shall be applied at a temperature recommended by the emulsion supplier. The asphalt emulsion shall be applied uniformly across the entire width of pavement to be overlaid. Equipm ent shall not operate on the applied asphalt 150
emulsion before the asphalt mix is placed. 414.07 379 The recommended plan application rates of the asphalt emulsion are as shown in the table below. Determination of actual application rates shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Recommended Asphalt Emulsion Application Rate and Adjustment Factors for Surface Conditions Mixture Designation 12.5 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm General application rate, gal./sq yd 0.20 0.17 0.14 Existing Surface Condition Recommended adjustment to application rate, gal./sq yd PCCP, smooth or polished -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 PCCP, broomed or textured 0 0 0 Flushed asphalt concrete surface -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 Dense, unaged asphalt concrete surface 0 0 0 Open textured, dry, aged or oxidized asphalt concrete surface +0.02 +0.01 +0.01 Milled asphalt concrete surface +0.02 +0.01 +0.01
414.10 Pre-Paving Meeting A pre-paving meeting between the Engineer and Contractor will be held on-site 160
prior to beginning work. The following shall be reviewed:
a.work schedule
b.traffic control plan
c.equipment calibrations and adjustments (d) inspection and evaluation of the condition and adequacy of equipment, including units for transport of materials
e.JMF
f.Contractor’s proposed emulsion and mix application rates
g.QCP in acco rdance with ITM 803 170
h.Contractor’s authorized representative. 414.11 Mixture Placement The UBWC shall be prepared and placed at temperatures recommended by the binder supplier. Fracturing of aggregates shall be avoided. 414.12 Mixture Finishing Three passes of rollers capable of exerting at least 150 lb/in. and in conformance with 409.03(d)1 shall be applied to the UBWC before the material has cooled below 185qF. A release agent may be added to the water system of the rollers to prevent 180 adhesion of the material to the roller drum. Rollers shall not operate in vibratory mode. 414.12 380 414.13 Smoothness Pavement smoothness shall be controlled by the Contractor with a 16 ft straightedge longitudi nally and will be controlled by the Department with a 10 ft straightedge transversely. The 16 ft straightedge shall be in accordance with 306.03(d). The 10 ft straightedge will be in accordance with 306.03(d). Smoothness correction shall be in accordance with 401.18(e). The lane edge shall have no more than 2 in. of horizontal variance in 100 ft. 190
414.14 Warranty
A warranty bond is to insure completion of required warranty work, including payments for all labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals necessary or convenient to the successful completion of the project and the carrying out of the duties and obligations imposed by the contract used to remediate any warranted distresses. The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer a warranty bond at the pre- construction conference or prior to beginning any work on the contract. The warranty bond shall be equal to 100% of the contract total for the warranted UBWC pay items, 200 and shall be properly executed by a surety satisfactory to the Department, and shall be payable to the State of Indiana. The warranty bond shall be in effect for three years from the date of substantial completion. Upon the final acceptance of the project , the contractual obligations of the Contractor are satisfied as long as the UBWC continues to meet or exceed the warranted values as defined herein. All warranty work shall be accomplished in accordance with 414.16. At the end of the warranty period, the Contractor will be released from further warranty work or 210 responsibility, provided all previous warranty work has been satisfactorily completed and approved by the Department. 414.15 Conflict Resolution Team The scope of work for the conflict resolution team includes all issues concerning the warranted pavement relative to the quality control plan, material selection, warranted pavement evaluations, distress i ndicators, remedial action, and remediation plans. The team will consist of two Contractor representatives, two Department 220 representatives, and an additional person mutually agreed upon by both the Department and the Contractor. All costs for the additional person will be equally shared by the Department and the Contractor. The team members will be identified in writing when needed and will be knowledgeable in the terms and conditions of this warranty and the methods used in the measurement and calculation of pavement distress. The team will render a final recommendation to the Chief Engineer by a majority vote. Each member has an equal vote. 414.13 381 230
414.16 Warranty Work
Elective work is performed by the Contractor at its discretion to meet the performance requirements of warranted UBWC prior to direction from the Department for the Contractor to perform remedial work. Remedial work is performed as a result of pavement distress surveys performed by the Department. During the warranty period, elective work and remedial work shall be performed at no cost to the Department. Elective work shall be at the Contractor’s option. The 240 scope of all elective work or re medial work to be performed as well as materials to be used shall be proposed by the Contractor and shall be subject to approval by the Department. Prior to proceeding with any wa rranty work or moni toring, all necessary permits shall be obtained from the Department. Elective work during the warranty period will not be assessed a lane closure fee. For remedial work, costs for closure periods will be as shown in the contract. During the warranty period, the Contractor may monitor the warranted UBWC using non-destructive procedures. 250 Coring, milling, or other destructive procedures may not be performed by the Contractor without prior consent of the Department. The Contractor will not be responsible for damages to the pavement as a result of coring, milling, or other destructive procedures conducted by the Department. The Contractor has the first option to perform the remedial work. If the problem requires immediate attention, as determined by the Engineer, for safety of the traveling public and the Contractor cannot perform the remedial work within 24 h of notification, the Department will perform the remedial work. The Contractor shall be 260 responsible for all costs incurred by the Department for remedial work performed by the Department. Remedial work performed by the Department will not alter the requirements, responsib ilities, or obligations of the warranty.
414.17 Pavement Distress Indicators , Thresholds, and Remedial Action
The Department will use the following pavement distress indicators throughout the warranty period:
a.Delamination - physical separation of the UBWC that exposes the underlying surface. 270
b.Rutting - transverse displacement of the UBWC.
c.Raveling - wearing away of the UBWC.
d.Skid Resistance - friction number as measured by ASTM E274 and ASTM E524. 414.17 382 The pavement threshold values for the pavement distress indicators will be evaluated for the entire length of the project for each lane. The threshold values for the pavement distress indicators are listed below: Distress Single Location Multiple Locations Delamination/Raveling 1/2 sq yd 1 sq yd/mi Rut Depth 1/4 in. average 1/4 in./mi Friction Number* no less than 30 average 35 * Individual friction tests will be performed in each lane every 1/2 mi for the length of the project. The Department may evaluate the warran ted UBWC during the warranty period. A final condition survey will be made by the Department and the Contractor will be notified in writing of all sections exceeding the warranty threshold at least 90 days in advance of the expiration of the warranty period. If the Department determines that any threshold level has been met or exceeded and remedial work is required, the Contractor shall submit a work plan and schedule to the Engineer for approval. The Contractor shall perform the remedial work within 30 calendar days of notification of approval by the Engineer. 290 If, anytime during the warranty period, 30% or more of the project requires, or has received remedial work, re medial work as determined by the Department shall be performed on the entire project. If remedial or elective work performed by the Contractor necessitates repair or replacement of pavement markings, adjacent lanes or roadway shoulders, the required work shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Warranty requirements for all elective and remedial work will be limited to the 300 life of the original contract warranty.
414.18 Department Maintenance The Department may perform routine maintenance operations during the warranty
period including, but not limited to, plowing, applying de-icing chemicals, repairs to safety appurtenances, pavement markin gs, mowing, and sign maintenance. The Department will perform no routine pavement surface maintenance activities during the warranty period. 310
414.19 Method of Measurement
Ultrathin bonded wearing course, of the type specified, will be measured by the square yard in accordance with 109.01. 414.18 383 414.20 Basis of Payment Ultrathin bonded wearing course, of the type specified, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard. Payment will be made under: 320 Pay Item Pay Unit Symbol Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Course for Approaches, _____ ....... SYS size Ultrathin Bonded Wear ing Course, _____ ................................ SYS size The cost of all incidentals including, but not limited to, surface preparation, asphalt emulsion, meeting smoothness requirements, and warranty bond shall be included in the cost of the pay items. 330
414.21 Final Warranty Acceptance The Engineer will review the project in the field for any general defects not addressed in the indicators and reco mmend a Final Warranty Acceptance. The
Department will issue the Contractor a Final Warranty Acceptance letter upon completion of the warranty period and all required remedial work.
Source: Indiana Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 377–384 of 1,248.