Design ESAL < 3,000,000 3,000,000 to < 10,000,000 Surface 4.75 mm 4.75 mm 4.75 mm 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm Surface – PG Binder 64-22 70-22 70-22 Intermediate 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 9.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm 12.5 mm 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm Intermediate – PG Binder 64-22 64-22 70-22 Base 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 19.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.0 mm Base – PG Binder 64-22 64-22 64-22 *A Type B mixture shall replace a Type A mixture. A Type C mixture may be used in lieu of a Type B mixture. A Type D mixture may be used in lieu of a Type C or a Type B mixture. Surface 4.75 mm mixtures shall not be us ed when the required lay rate shown on the plans is greater than 100 lb/sq yd. Surface 12.5 mm mixtures shall not be used when the required lay rate shown on the plans is less than 195 lb/sq yd. The plant discharge temperature for any mixture shall not be more than 315°F whenever PG 64-22 or PG 70-22 binders are used. HMA may be produced using a water-injection foaming device. The DMF shall list the minimum and maximum plant 50 discharge temperatures as ap plicable to the mixture. No mixture shall be used until the DMF has been assigned a mixture number by the DTE. 402.05 Volumetric Mix Design The DMF shall be determined for each mixture from a volum etric mix design in accordance with 401.05. A DMF developed for a QC/QA HMA mixture may be used and the source or 60 grade of the binder may be changed. The high temperature grade shall meet the minimum requirements of 402.04. The MAF equals the G mm from the mixture design divided by the following:
a.2.465 for 9.5 mm mixtures 402.05 332 (b) 2.500 for 12.5 mm, 19.0 mm, and 25.0 mm mixtures. ,IWKH0$)FDOFXODWLRQUHVXOWVLQDYDOXHZKHUH 0$) WKHQWKH MAF shall be considered to be 1.000. If the MAF is greater than 1.020, the calculated 70 MAF value shall have 0.020 subtracted from the value. If the MAF is less than 0.980, the calculated MAF value shall have 0.020 added to the value. 402.06 Blank
402.07 Mix Criteria (a) Composition Limits for HMA Transverse Rumble Strip Mixtures Transverse rumble strip mixtures shall be Type B surface in accordance with
402.04 An MAF in accordance with 402.05 w ill not apply. Aggregate requirements 80
of 904.03(d) do not apply.
b.Composition Limits for HMA Wedge and Leveling Mixtures The mixture shall consist of surface or in termediate mixtures in accordance with
402.04 Aggregate requirements of 904.03(d) do not apply when the wedge and leveling mixture is covered by a surface or intermediate mixture.
c.Composition Limits for Temporary HMA Mixtures Temporary HMA mixtures shall be the type specified in accordance with 402.04. An MAF in accordance with 402.05 will not apply. 90
d.Composition Limits for HMA Curbing Mixes The mixture shall be HMA surface Type B in accordance with 402, except 402.05 shall not apply and RAP shall not be used. The binder content shall be 7.0% and the gradations shall meet the following: HMA CURBING GRADATIONS Sieve Size Percent Passing 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) 100.0 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 80.0 - 100.0 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 73.0 ±5.0 No. 30 (600 μm) 20.0 - 50.0 No. 200 (75 μm) 6.0 - 12.0 A DMF shall be prepared in accordance with the above table and submitted in a format acceptable to the Engineer one week prior to use. The DMF shall state the 100 binder content. 402.08 Recycled Materials Recycled materials shall be in accordance with 401.06, except Type B mixtures 402.06 333 shall correspond to category 2 mixtures, Type C mixtures shall correspond to category 3 mixtures, and Type D mixtures shall correspond to category 4 mixtures.
402.09 Acceptance of Mixtures A Type D certification in accordance wi th 916 and the Frequency Manual shall
be provided for the HMA pavement. The test results shown on the certification shall 110 be the quality control tests representing the material supplied and include air voids and binder content. Air voids tolerance shall be ±2.0% and binder content tolerance shall be ±0.7% from DMF. Single test values and averages will be reported to the nearest 0.1%. Rounding will be in accordance with 109.01(a). Test results exceeding the tolerance limits will be considered as a failed material and adjudicated in accordance with 105.03. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
402.10 General Equipment for HMA operations shall be in accordance with 409. The Contractor
shall submit to the Engineer prior to use a written Certificate of Compliance that the proposed paving equipment has been modified in accordance with 401.10 or is new and includes the modifications. Fuel oil, kerosene, or solvents shall not be transported in open containers on any equipment at any time. Cleaning of equipment and tools shall not be performed on the 130 pavement or shoulder areas. Segregation, flushing, or bleeding of HMA mixtures will not be allowed. Corrective action shall be taken to prevent continuation of these conditions. Areas of segregation, flushing, or bleeding shall be corrected, if directed. All areas showing an excess or deficiency of asphalt mate rials shall be removed and replaced. All mixtures that become loose and broken, mixed with dirt, or defective in any way shall be removed and replaced. 140 Mixture shall not be dispatched from the plant that cannot be spread and compacted before sundown of that day, unless otherwise specified.
402.11 Preparation of Surfaces to be Overlaid
The subgrade, or subbase, shall be shaped to the required grade and sections, free from all ruts, corrugations, or other irregularities, and uniformly compacted and approved in accordance with 207 and 302. M illing of an existing surface shall be in accordance with 306. Surfaces on which a mixture is placed shall be free from objectionable or foreign materi als at the time of placement. 150 402.11 334 Rubblized concrete pavements shall be primed in accordance with 405. PCCP, milled asphalt surfaces, and asphalt surfaces shall be tacked in accordance with 406. Contact surfaces of curbing, gutters, manholes, and other structures shall be tacked in accordance with 406. 402.12 Weather Limitations HMA courses less than 110 lb/sq yd are to be placed when the ambient and surface temperatures are 60°F or above. HMA courses equal to or greater than 110 lb/sq yd but less than 220 lb/sq yd are to be placed when the ambient and surface temperatures are 45°F or above. HMA courses equal to or greater than 220 lb/sq yd and HMA 160 curbing are to be placed when the ambient and surface temperatures are 32°F or above. Mixture shall not be placed on a frozen subgrade. However, HMA courses may be placed at lower temperatures, provided the de nsity of the HMA course is in accordance with 402.16. All partially completed sections of roadway that are 8 in. or less in thickness shall be proofrolled prior to the placement of additional materials unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Proofrolling shall be accomplished in accordance with 203.26. The contact pressure shall be 70 to 80 psi. Soft yielding areas shall be removed and replaced. 170
402.13 Spreading and Finishing The mixture shall be placed upon an approved surface by means of laydown
equipment in accordance with 409.03(c). Prior to paving, both the planned quantity and lay rate shall be adjusted by multiplying by the MAF. When a mixture is produced from more than one DMF for a given pay item, the MAF will be applied to the applicable portion of the mixture for each . Mixtures in areas inaccessible to laydown equipment or mechanical devices may be placed by other methods. The temperature of each mixture at the time of spreading shall be less than 315°F 180 whenever PG 64-22 or PG 70-22 binders are used. The temperature of each mixture at the time of spreading shall not be less than 245°F. No mixture shall be placed on a previously paved course that has not cooled to less than 175°F. Planned HMA courses greater than 220 lb/sq yd placed under traffic shall be brought up even with each adjacent lane at the end of each work day. Planned HMA courses less than or equal to 220 lb/sq yd shall be brought forward concurrently, within practical limits, limiting the work in one lane to not more than one work day of production before moving back to bring forward the adjacent lane. Traffic shall not be allowed on open graded mixtures. 190 Hydraulic extensions on the paver will not be allowed for continuous paving operations. Fixed extensions or extendable screeds shall be used on courses greater than the nominal width of the paver except in areas where the paving widths vary. Hydraulic extensions may be used on approaches, tapers, and added lanes less than 250 ft in length. 402.12 HMA shoulders which are 8 ft or more in width shall be placed with automatic paving equipment. HMA mixtures in hauling equipment shall be protected by tarps from adverse weather conditions or forei gn materials. Adverse weathe r conditions include, but will not be limited to, precipitation or temperatures below 45°F. The speed of the paver shall not exceed 50 ft per minute when spreading mixtures. Automatic slope and grade controls sh all be required except when placing mixtures on roadway approaches which are less than 200 ft in length or on miscellaneous work. The use of automatic controls on other courses where use is impractical due to project conditions may be waived by the Engineer. 210 The finished thickness of each course sha ll be at least two times but not more than five times the maximum particle size as shown on the DMF. The finished thickness of wedge and level mixtures shall be at least 1 1/2 times but not more than six times the maximum particle size as shown on the DMF. Feathering may be less than the minimum thickness requirements. Transverse rumble strips shall be placed to ensure uniformity of height, width, texture, and the required spacing between strips. A tack coat in accordance with 406 shall be applied on the pavement surface prior to placing the mixture. The tack coat 220 may be applied with a paint brush or other approved methods. A safety edge shall be constructed at locations where an intermediate mixture or a surface mixture is constructed adjacent to an aggregate or earth shoulder. Vibratory rollers in accordance with 409. 03(d)4 shall not be operated in vibratory mode at locations indicated on the plans. Oscillatory rollers in accordance with 409.03(d)5 will be allowed for use but the ve rtical impact force capability shall not be used. Density acceptance shall be in accordance with 402.15.
402.14 Joints
Longitudinal joints in the surface shall be at the lane lines of the pavement. Longitudinal joints below the surface shall be offset from previously constructed joints by approximately 6 in. and be located within 12 in. of the lane line. Transverse joints shall be constructed by exposing a near vertical full depth face of the previous course. If constructed under traffic, temporary transverse joints shall be feathered to provide a smooth transition to the driving surface. 240 402.14 336 402.15 Compaction The HMA mixture shall be compacted with equipment in accordance with 409.03(d) immediately after the mixture has been spread and finished. Rollers shall not cause undue displacemen t, cracking, or shoving. A roller application is defined as one pass of the roller over the entire mat. Compaction operations shall be completed in accordance with one of the following options. NUMBER OF ROLLER APPLICATIONS Rollers Courses OEVT\G > 440 lb/sq yd Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 1 Option Three Wheel 2 4 4 Pneumatic Tire 2 4 4 Tandem 2 2 2 4 Vibratory 6 8 Oscillatory 6 - - A reduced number of applications on a course may be approved if detrimental results are being observed. Compaction equipment shall be operated with the drive roll or wheels nearest the paver and at speeds not to exceed 3 mph. However, vibratory rollers will be limited to 2.5 mph. Rolling shall be continued until applications are completed and all roller marks are eliminated. Compaction operations shall begin at the low side and proceed to the high side of 260 the mat. The heaviest roller wheel shall overlap its previous pass by a minimum of 6 in. Longitudinal joints shall be compacted in accordance with the following:
a.For confined edges, the firs t pass adjacent to the confined edge, the compaction equipment shall be entirely on the hot mat 6 in. from the confined edge.
b.For unconfined edges, the compaction equipment shall extend 270 6 in. beyond the edge of the hot mat. All displacement of the HMA mixture shall be corrected at once using lutes or the addition of fresh mixture as required. The line and grade of the edges of the HMA mixture shall not be displaced during rolling. 402.15 337 The wheels of the compaction equipment shall be kept properly moistened with water or water with detergent to prevent adhesion of the materials to the wheels. Areas inaccessible to rollers shall be compacted thoroughly with hand tampers or 280 other mechanical devices in accordance with 409.03(d)7 to achieve the required compaction. A trench roller, in accordance with 409.03(d)6, may be used to obtain compaction in depressed areas. The final two roller applications shall be completed at the highest temperature where the mixture does not exhibit any tenderness. Vehicular traffic will not be allowed on a course until the mixture has cooled sufficiently to prevent distortions. 290 Transverse rumble strips shall be compacted with vibratory compacting equipment in accordance with 409.03(d)7 unless otherwise stated. 402.16 Low Temperature Co mpaction Requirements Compaction for mixtures placed below the temperatures listed in 402.12 shall be controlled by density determined from MSG of the plate samples and cores cut from the compacted pavement placed during a low temperature period. Samples shall be obtained in accordance with ITM 580. Acceptance will be based on a plate sample and two cores. The Engineer will randomly select the locations in accordance with ITM 802. The transverse core location will be locat ed so that the edge of the core will be 300 no closer than 3 in. from a confined edge or 6 in. from a non-confined edge of the course being placed. For compaction of HMA during low temperature periods with quantities less than 100 t per day, acceptance may be visual. The Contractor shall obtain cores in the presence of the Engineer with a device that shall produce a uniform 6.00 ±0.25 in. diameter pavement sample. Coring shall be completed prior to the random location being covered. The final HMA course shall be cored within one work day of placement. Damaged cores shall be discarded and 310 replaced with a core from a location selected by adding 1 ft to the longitudinal location of the damaged core using the same transverse offset. The Contractor and the Engineer shall mark the core to define the course to be tested. If the core indicates a course thic kness of less than two times the maximum particle size, the core will be discarded an d a core from a new random location will be selected for testing. The Engineer will take immediate possession of the cores. If the Engineer’s cores are subsequently damaged, additional coring within a specific section will be the 320 responsibility of the Departme nt. Subsequent core locatio ns will be determined by subtracting 1 ft from the random location using the same transverse offset. 402.16 338 The density for the mixture shall be expressed as: Density, % = BSG MSG x 100 where: BSG = average bulk specific gravity MSG = maximum specific gravity The Engineer will determine the bulk speci fic gravity of the co res in accordance with AASHTO T 166, Method A or AASHTO T 331, if required. The maximum specific gravity will be mass determined in water in ac cordance with AASHTO T 209. Density shall not be less than 93.0%. The Contractor shall refill the co re holes in accordance with 401.16.
402.17 Pavement Corrugations Pavement corrugations shall be in accordance with 606.
402.18 Pavement Smoothness
Pavement smoothness will be in accord ance with 401.18, except inertial profiler requirements will not apply.
402.19 Method of Measurement
HMA mixtures will be measured by the ton of the type specified in accordance with 109.01(b). The measured quantity will be divided by the MAF to determine the pay quantity. HMA rumble strips will be measured by the linear foot of each transverse strip, 350 complete in place. Milled pavement corrugations will be measured in accordance with 606.02.
402.20 Basis of Payment
The accepted quantities for this work will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for HMA, of the type specified, complete in place. HMA transverse rumble strips will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot, complete in place. 360 Milled pavement corrugations will be paid for in accordance with 606.03. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Symbol HMA Transverse Rumble Strips ............................................... LFT HMA for Temporary Pavement, Type * ............................ TON 402.17 339 HMA Wedge and Level, Type * ........................................ TON 370 * Mixture type Preparation of surfaces to be overlaid sh all be included in the cost of other pay items in this section. No payment will be made for additional anti-stripping additives. The cost of removing and replacing soft yielding areas shall be included in the cost of other pay items in this section. No payment will be made for coring operations and related traffic control expenditures required in 402.16. Corrections for pavement smoothness including removal and replacement of pavement, shall be included in the cost of other pay items in this section. The cost of removal of HMA for temporary pavement including the subgrade and subbase materials shall be included in the cost of HMA for temporary pavement. 390
Source: Indiana Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 316–323 of 1,248.