603FINAL 20181217

603.01 DESCRIPTION. Excavate and backfill or dispose of all materials required for

the construction of bridges, box culverts, and other structures for which excavation is not otherwise provided.

603.02 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. Use fabric wrapped backfill drains

conforming to Section 845.

603.03 CONSTRUCTION. Remove and dispose of all materials excavated for the

construction of the foundations for all structures, including the removal of existing structures. Place backfill to the original ground level and perform final cleaning up.

603.03.01 Classification. Perform structure excavation necessary for all bridge

foundations and culverts, except pipe culverts, as Structure Excavation Solid Rock or Structure Excavation Common. Perform structure excavation necessary in the construction of cribwalls and retaining walls as Structure Excavation Unclassified.

603.03.02 Channel Preservation. When any excavation or dredging is done at the

site of the structure, do not excavate outside of caissons, cofferdams, steel piling, or sheeting, and do not disturb the natural stream bed adjacent to the structure without the Engineer’s written permission.

603.03.03 Footing Excavation. Notify the Engineer at least 48 hours in advance of

beginning structure excavation. Excavate the foundation pits to allow placing of the full width and length of footings specified in the Plans with full horizontal beds. Do not use rounded or undercut corners and edges of footings. Ensure that all rock and other hard foundation material is free from all loose material, cleaned, and cut to a firm surface, either level, stepped, or roughened, as directed. Clean all seams and fill with concrete, mortar, crushed stone, or sand. When masonry is to rest on an excavated surface other than durable rock or durable shale (SDI equal to or greater than 95 according to KM 64-513), do not disturb the bottom of the excavation, and do not make the final removal of the foundation material to grade until just before the masonry is to be placed. When unsuitable foundation material is encountered, excavate and replace with acceptable material as the Engineer directs. Maintain the excavation free of standing water, insofar as is practical. When the Plans require the foundation for a bridge or culvert to be solid rock or shale, drill into the foundation material to confirm its suitability. The contractor shall drill test 603-1 holes ≥5 feet deep for every 50 linear feet of fo oting as a test for suitable solid rock. For culverts with parallel footings under the walls or with an extra-wide footing, the contractor shall drill more than one line of holes. In this case, the contractor shall stagger the holes between footings on 25-foot centers.

603.03.04 Backfilling. Use only approved materials that will provide a dense well-

compacted backfill. Ensure that the backfill material is free of frozen lumps, vegetation, debris, and rock fragments larger than 4 inches in any dimension. Before starting backfill, clear the excavated pits of all form material and rubbish, and, when practical dewater the pits. Place and compact backfill material in uniform horizontal lifts not exceeding one foot for stone and 6 inches for soil and rock/soil combination material. For backfill that will be beneath, or within a proposed embankment, backfill according to Subsection 206.03.03. When backfilling piers constructed in a stream bed or flood plain, the Department will allow material removed from the excavation as backfill material provided no large rock or broken concrete fragments are placed in contact with the structure, and provided no logs, stumps or rubbish are used. Backfill below normal low water elevation will not require compaction. Shape the backfilled areas lying outside the limits of roadway embankment to a uniform finish. As a precaution against introducing unbalanced stresses in structural walls or columns, place and compact the backfill to the same elevation on both sides of culverts, wingwalls, piers, and abutments before proceeding to the next layer. For structures over which rock fills will be constructed, first cover the structures to a minimum depth of 2 feet with materials placed and compacted as required for backfill. Obtain the Engineer’s permission before backfilling against any concrete masonry structure.

603.03.05 Drainage. At locations where depth to weep hole flowline is 30 feet or less,

drain backfill by installing a fabric-wrapped drain. Center a fabric-wrapped drain over the inlet end of each weep hole as per the drain manufacturer recommendations. Use a gl ue recommended by the drain manufacturer. Ensure that glue is not placed over the portion of the drain covering the weep hole. Place drains vertically at each weep hole. When using Type 1 drains, the ‘weak’ or ‘cleat’ side shall face the structure, unless otherwise noted in the manufacturer’s recommendations and the appropriate product accessories are used. Extend the drain from top of footing or from 6 inches below the inlet end of weep holes to 6 inches below subgrade elevation or, in the case of box culverts, to the top of the top slab. Avoid damaging or compressing the drain during backfilling. When splices are required, provide a 6-inch lap of fabric to be glued to the adjacent piece so the spliced drain is completely covered by fabric. Provide flaps or separate pieces of fabric to cover the top and bottom of the drain, and overlap the fabric on all sides of the drain at least 6 inches. At the weep hole, if necessary, puncture the plastic core to provide free drainage from the drain to the weep hole. If puncturing of the core is necessary do not puncture the geotextile fabric on the outside face of the drai n. Place a piece of plastic, at least 8 inches by 8 inches by 3/16 inches on the outside face of the drain over the weep hole, as reinforcement. When depth to weep hole flow line is greater than 30 feet, cover the inlet ends of weep holes with at least 2 cubic feet of No. 57 coarse aggregate wrapped with geotextile fabric type IV. Place the aggregate to allow free drainage but at the same time prevent the fill from washing. From approximately 6 inches below the bottom of the inlet ends of the weep holes, place a column of clean crushed stone or gravel, wrapped with geotextile fabric type IV, at least one square foot, up against the back of the wall to the upper limits of the backfill. All geotextile fabric used to wrap this aggregate is incidental to placement. At the time of placing the remainder of embankment adjacent to the structure, continue placing the column 603-2 of stone up to subgrade elevation, or, in the case of box culverts, to the top of the top slab.

603.03.06 Cofferdams. For foundation construction, drive sheet piles for cofferdams

to an elevation well below the bottom of the footings. Brace walls to ensure against collapse. Provide interior dimensions that allow sufficient clearance for the construction of forms and the inspection of their exteriors, and to permit pumping outside the forms. Right, reset, or enlarge cofferdams that are tilted or moved laterally during the process of sinking to provide the necessary clearance. Construct cofferdams sufficiently watertight to prevent water from coming in contact with fresh concrete. Do not allow bracing to extend into the substructure masonry unless the Engineer permits in writi ng. Submit drawings that are stamped by a Professional Engineer licensed in the Commonweal th of Kentucky. Include in the drawings all necessary details and design calculations. The type and clearance of cofferdams, details that affect the character of the finished work and the safety of the installation are subject to Department approval. The Department will review design details of cofferdams, bracing, shoring, or other work. Remove all cofferdams, including all sheeting and bracing, after completion of the substructure without disturbing or causing damage to the finished masonry.

603.03.07 Foundation Seals. When conditions are encountered which, in the

judgment of the Engineer, render it impracticable to remove water from the cofferdam before placing masonry, the Engineer may require construction of a concrete foundation seal according to Subsection 601.03.09 B). Do not dewater cofferdam until the concrete seal has set sufficiently to withstand the hydrostatic pressure and in no case less than 72 hours after placement. The Engineer may require longer than 72 hours.

603.04 MEASUREMENT. The Department will not measure the removal of existing

structures, or portions thereof, in structure excavation when listed in the Contract as a bid item. The Department will measure removing masonry necessary in the building of extensions to or the rebuilding of an existing structure according to Section 203. The Department will consider removal of existing pipe incidental to structure excavation and will deduct the interior volume of the pipe from the structure excavation quantity. When the Plans require the foundation to be solid rock or shale, drilling to confirm suitability is incidental to the structure excavation .

603.04.01 All Structures. When it is necessary to backfill in excess of the material

excavated, the Department will measure the quantity of the additional material necessary for such backfill in cubic yards in its original position under Embankment or Roadway Excavation, unless it is paid for as Extra Work. The Department will not measure dewatering excavated pits and placing and compacting backfill for payment and will consider them incidental to the structure excavation bid items. When not listed as a bid item, the Department will not measure furnishing and placing fabric wrapped drains or coarse aggregate at weep holes for payment and will consider them incidental to the structure excavation bid items. When it is necessary to construct any footing more than 2.5 feet below the elevation specified in the Plans for structures, except pipe culverts, sewers, and underdrains, the Department will pay for all excavation below plan elevation as Extra Work. The Department will not measure excavation or backfill in excess of the limits described in this section for payment.

603.04.02 Bridges, Culverts, and Retaining Walls. The Department will measure

the quantity of all excavation in its original position as that actually excavated within the limits bounded by vertical planes 18 inches outside the footings and parallel thereto except as follows. The Department will measure between the original ground surface and the 603-3 bottom of the excavated pit, except in cuts where the finished cross section will govern, and except when structures are removed, the bottom of the excavation for removal shall govern. The Department will not include in the quantity the volume of the waterway of existing culverts and bridges, the volume of material s removed as Remove Existing Structure, nor materials removed as incidental. The Department will not measure structure excavation for pipe culverts and pipe culvert headwalls, sewer pipe, or combination sewer and storm pipe. Where tie beams, struts, web walls, overhangs, or similar construction are required on the substructure above the bottom of the footings and extend beyond the area bounded by vertical planes 18 inches outside the footings, the Department will measure the excavation, except that the Department will measure the area bounded by vertical planes 18 inches outside the footings and 18 inches outside the neat lines of the tie beams, struts, web walls, and other similar construction. The Department will measure between the original ground surface and a plane 18 inches below the bottom of the tie beams, struts, web walls, and other similar construction. The Department will not measure excavation necessary to construct concrete encasement for an individual steel pile for payment and will consider it incidental to the pile. The Department will not measure Structure Excavation in the construction of timber bents or backing planks, or for excavation incidental to splicing piling for payment.

603.04.03 Foundation Preparation. When listed as a bid item, the Department will

measure all work performed as part of Foundation Preparation as a lump sum for each structure. The Department will not measur e cofferdams, shoring, dewatering, common excavation, or backfill for payment, and will consider them incidental to this bid item. The Department will measure Structure Excavation Solid Rock and removal of unsuitable foundation material and refill separately for payment. The Cabinet will pay Structure Excavation Common when conditions are such that excavation is required two (2) feet beyond bottom of foundation elevations.

603.04.04 Structure Excavation Common. When Foundation Preparation is not

listed as a bid item, the Department will measure the quantity, in cubic yards. The Department will not measure any material removed or excavated before the Engineer takes measurements.

603.04.05 Structure Excavation Solid Rock. The Department will measure the

quantity in cubic yards. The Department will not measure any material removed or excavated before the Engineer takes measurements.

603.04.06 Structure Excavation Unclassified. The Department will measure the

quantity in cubic yards. The Department will not measure any material removed or excavated before the Engineer takes measurements.

603.04.07 Foundation Undercut. When Foundation Preparation is not a bid item and

the Engineer directs that unsuitable foundation material is to be excavated and replaced, the Department will measure the quantity of excavation as Structure Excavation Common, Structure Excavation Solid Rock, or Structure Excavation Unclassified in cubic yards, as applicable, which will be complete compensation for all excavation, disposal, backfill, and all other incidentals necessary to prepare a suitable foundation. When Foundation Preparation is a bid item, the Department will pay for Foundation Undercut as Extra Work.

603.04.08 Cofferdams. The Department will not measure the quantity unless it is

listed as a separate bid item and will consider it incidental to the bid item Structure Excavation or Foundation Preparation.

603.04.09 Foundation Seals. The Department will not measure the quantity unless it

is listed as a separate bid item or th e work is directed by the Engineer. 603-4

603.05 PAYMENT. The Department will make payment for the completed and accepted

quantities under the following: Code Pay Item Pay Unit 08002 Structure Excavation Solid Rock Cubic Yard 08001 Structure Excavation Common Cubic Yard 02203 Structure Excavation Unclassified Cubic Yard 02210 Borrow Excavation See Section 205.05 02200 Roadway Excavation See Section 204.05 08003 Foundation Preparation Lump Sum The Department will consider payment as full compensation for all work required under this section. 603-5 SECTION 604 BEARING PILES

604.01 DESCRIPTION. Furnish and drive, or HP shape structural steel or steel pipe

bearing piles.

604.02 Materials and Equipment.

604.02.01 Concrete. Conform to Section 601..

604.02.02 Structural Steel. Conform to Section 812.

604.02.03 Welded Steel Pipe Piles. Conform to ASTM A 252, Grade 3.

604.02.04 Miscellaneous Metals. Conform to Section 813.

604.02.05 Polypropylene Sleeves. Conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

604.02.06 Pile Points. Conform to AASHTO M 103, Grade 65/35 or ASTM A 148.

Furnish pile points from a supplier on the Department’s List of Approved Materials.

604.02.07 Pile Shoes . Provide pile shoes and closure plates of the type and dimensions

specified when designated on the contract documents. Provide pile shoes for H-piles and open end pipe piles fabricated from cast steel conforming to ASTM A148/A148M (Grade 90-60).

604.02.08 Closure Plates. Provide end closure plates for closed end pipe piles made

of ASTM A36/A36M steel or better. Provide the closure plate diameter and thickness designated in the plans.

604.02.09 Equipment for Driving.